ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy of Huoxue Jiedu Formulas （活血解毒方药， HJF） as an adjunctive treatement for patients with binding of stasis and toxin syndrome during the vulnerable period after acute myocardial infarction （AMI） percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） surgery， and to explore its potential mechanism from the perspective of serum neutrophil extracellular traps （NETs）. MethodsA total of 129 patients with binding of stasis and toxin syndrome within 6 months after PCI for AMI were enrolled and divided into a treatment group （65 cases） and a control group （64 cases） based on patients' willingness to take Chinese herbal medicine. The control group received standard western medical therapy alone， while the treatment group additionally received HJF， one dose daily. Both groups were treated for four weeks. Before and after treatment， TCM syndrome scores were assessed. Seattle angina questionnaire （SAQ） was used to record angina stability and frequency scores， while the short form-36 health survey （SF-36） was employed to assess quality of life across eight dimensions， including physical functioning， role-physical， bodily pain， general health， vitality， social functioning， role-emotional， and mental health. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index （PSQI） was used to evaluate sleep quality， and the patient health questionnaire-15 （PHQ-15） was used to assess psychosomatic symptoms； Duke activity status index （DASI） was used to measure daily physical activity. Serum levels of neutrophil extracellular traps （NET） markers including myeloperoxidase-DNA （MPO-DNA）， neutrophil elastase-DNA （NE-DNA）， and citrullinated histone H3 （CitH3） were measured in 20 patients from the treatment group. ResultsAfter treatment， TCM syndrome score， PSQI score and PHQ-15 score in both groups significantly decreased， while DASI score， angina stability and frequency scores， and all eight dimensions of the SF-36 scale significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Compared to the control group， the treatment group had significantly lower TCM syndrome scores and significantly higher DASI， angina stability and frequency scores （P＜0.05）， as well as higher scores in the SF-36 dimensions of physical functioning， role-physical， social functioning， bodily pain， and vitality （P＜0.05）. After treatment， serum levels of MPO-DNA， CitH3， and NE-DNA in the treatment group were significantly reduced （P＜0.05）. ConclusionHJF combined with conventional therapy can significantly improve angina symptoms， TCM syndrome scores， and psychosomatic conditions in patients with binding of stasis and toxin syndrome during the vulnerable period after AMI. It also enhances quality of life， sleep quality， and daily physical activity. The underlying mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of serum NETs level.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo analyze the distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome elements in different risk populations of heart failure complicated with type 2 diabetes. MethodsClinical data of 675 type 2 diabetes patients were retrospectively collected. Lasso-multivariate Logistic regression was used to construct a clinical prediction nomogram model. Based on this， 441 non-heart failure patients were divided into a low-risk group （325 cases） and a high-risk group （116 cases） according to the median risk score of heart failure complicated with type 2 diabetes. TCM diagnostic information （four diagnostic methods） was collected for both groups， and factor analysis was applied to summarize the distribution of TCM syndrome elements in different risk populations. ResultsLasso-multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified age， disease duration， coronary heart disease， old myocardial infarction， arrhythmia， absolute neutrophil count， activated partial thromboplastin time， and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase as independent risk factors for heart failure complicated with type 2 diabetes. These were used as final predictive factors to construct the nomogram model. Model validation results showed that the area under the curve （AUC） of the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve for the modeling group and validation group were 0.934 and 0.935， respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test （modeling group P = 0.996， validation group P = 0.121） indicated good model discrimination. Decision curve analysis showed that the curves for All and None crossed in the upper right corner， indicating high clinical utility. The low-risk and high-risk groups each obtained 14 common factors. Preliminary analysis revealed that the main disease elements in the low-risk group were qi deficiency （175 cases， 53.85%）， dampness （118 cases， 36.31%）， and heat （118 cases， 36.31%）， with the primary locations in the spleen （125 cases， 38.46%） and lungs （99 cases， 30.46%）. In the high-risk group， the main disease elements were yang deficiency （73 cases， 62.93%）， blood stasis （68 cases， 58.62%）， and heat （49 cases， 42.24%）， with the primary locations in the kidney （84 cases， 72.41%） and heart （70 cases， 60.34%）. ConclusionThe overall disease characteristics in different risk populations of type 2 diabetes patients with heart failure are a combination of deficiency and excess， with deficiency being predominant. Deficiency and heat are present throughout. The low-risk population mainly shows qi deficiency with dampness and heat， related to the spleen and lungs. The high-risk population shows yang deficiency with blood stasis and heat， related to the kidneys and heart.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of selective expansive open-door laminoplasty(SEOLP)with preservation of C7 spinous process in the treatment of multisegmental cervical spondylotic myelopathy and its impact on changes in sagittal parameters of cervical spine.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and radiological information of 73 patients who underwent expansive open-door laminoplasty(EOLP)for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in our department between March 2018 and June 2022.Patients were divided into the SEOLP group(n=35)and the EOLP group(n=38)based on the surgical method.Follow-up was conducted for one year.The operation time,blood loss,axial symptom scores,JOA scores,VAS scores and neck disability index(NDI)were recorded in two groups of patients.Radiological data were also recorded for both groups during the perioperative period,and the C2-7 Cobb angle,C2-7 SVA and T1 slope were measured.The cervical curvature index(CCI)and cervical range of motion(ROM)were calculated.The perioperative clinical outcomes and changes in cervical sagittal parameters were observed,and their correlations were analyzed.Results There were no significant differences in blood loss,operation time,JOA scores at various follow-up time points between the two groups(P＞0.05).During postoperative follow-up,axial symptoms were observed in 5 patients in SEOLP group and 14 patients in EOLP group.There were statistically significant differences in axial symptom scores,incidence and severity of axial symptoms between the two groups(P＜0.05).The NDI indices at one year after operation were 21.1±2.3 for SEOLP group and 24.8±3.5 for EOLP group respectively(P＜0.01).There were no statistically significant differences in T1 slope and C2-7 Cobb angle at various follow-up time points after surgery between the two groups(P＞0.05).One year after operation,CCI indices for two groups were(13.4±2.7)and(12.1±2.4),respectively,with a statistically significant difference(t=2.178,P＜0.05).The C2-C7 SVA values for two groups at one year after operation were(22.4+3.8)mm and(26.7±5.9)mm,respectively(t=3.667,P＜0.01).The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between clinical functional improvement(NDI)and changes of the radiological parameter C2-C7 SVA in both groups of patients.Conclusion After SEOLP,the recovery of C2-C7 SVA is faster and has less impact on cervical spine function,and the occurrence degree and incidence of axial symptoms are lower.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the clinical characteristics of upper urinary tract calculi in pediatric patients.Methods:This study was a retrospective case series. The clinical data of 179 children under the age of 14 with upper urinary tract calculi treated at Beijing Friendship Hospital，Capital Medical University，from August 2014 to February 2023 were analyzed. There were 121 males（67.60%）and 58 females（32.40%），with a median age at onset of 2.10（1.14，5.17）years. Thirty-three cases（18.44%）had a family history of urinary stone disease. Stone characteristics was defined by CT，with a median stone burden（sum of the diameters of all stones）of 1.3（1.00，1.60）cm. Fifty-four（30.17%）children had staghorn calculi. Multiple stones were present in 92 cases（51.40%），and bilateral stones in 52 cases（29.05%），with hydronephrosis was present in 119 children（66.48%）. The median follow-up time was 67 months，and 36 children（20.11%）experienced stone recurrence. Dietary habits and related information were collected by electronic questionnaire，including a total of 115 children（64.25%）with an unbalanced diet，101（56.42%）with insufficient water intake，and 32 children（17.88%）with a preference for a high-protein diet. Tap water was used as the source of drinking water by 128 patients（71.51%），and 107（59.78%）took dietary supplements. Whole-exome sequencing revealed that 55 children（30.73%）carried pathogenic mutations in stone-related genes. Binary logistic regression was used for univariate analysis of above risk factors. Variables with P < 0.1 in univariate analysis and without multicollinearity were included in multivariate logistic regression to further screen for independent risk factors. Results:Multivariate analysis confirmed that carrying stone-related pathogenic gene mutations（ OR = 3.06，95% CI 1.25?7.45， P = 0.014）and insufficient water intake（ OR = 3.28，95% CI 1.14?9.47， P = 0.028）were independent risk factors for higher stone burden. A high-protein diet（ OR = 2.40，95% CI 1.03?5.63， P = 0.044），carrying stone-related pathogenic gene mutations（ OR = 4.57，95% CI 2.21?9.46， P<0.01），and a family history of stones（ OR = 3.18，95% CI 1.28 ~ 7.91， P = 0.013）were independent risk factors for staghorn calculi. Multiple stones were closely associated with a family history of stones（ OR = 2.66，95% CI 1.15-6.17， P = 0.022）and carrying stone-related pathogenic gene mutations（ OR = 3.22，95% CI 1.60-6.48， P = 0.001）. Moreover，carrying stone-related pathogenic gene mutations（ OR = 5.19，95% CI 2.52?13.82， P < 0.01）were an independent risk factor for stone recurrence，whereas dietary supplement intake was a protective factor（ OR = 0.26，95% CI 0.11?0.62， P = 0.002）. Conclusions:Genetic and environmental factors play significant roles in the occurrence and development of pediatric upper urinary tract stones. A high-protein diet as well as a positive family history of stones are independent risk factors for staghorn calculi，and insufficient water intake is a critical environmental factor for stone formation，while appropriate use of dietary supplements may help reduce the risk of stone recurrence. Genetic testing indicates that approximately 30% of children carry stone-related pathogenic gene mutations，and these patients prone to severe stone and an increased risk of recurrence.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Objective:To explore whether the Wenpi Yishen method can effectively prevent the occurrence of urinary tract infection after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods:A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted on 173 patients with BPH admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2023 to December 2024, and they were divided into the control group ( n=104) and the Wenpi Yishen group ( n=69) by the random number table method. Patients in the control group were treated only with conventional methods after TURP, while patients in the Wenpi Yishen group were treated with the Wenpi Yishen method in addition to the conventional treatment after TURP to prevent urinary tract infections. The preoperative general data such as age and body mass index of the two groups of patients were compared, as well as the traditional chinese medical syndrome scores before and after TURP, international prostate symptom scores (IPSS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores, urinary tract infections and postoperative complications, etc. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and t-test was used for comparison between groups; count data were expressed as the cases and percentage, and Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Results:There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients in terms of preoperative traditional chinese medical syndrome scores, IPSS scores, SAS scores, and inflammation-related indicators ( P>0.05). In the patients of control group, 44 cases (42.3%) had positive urine cultures before the operation, there was 28 cases (40.6%) in the Wenpi Yishen group, and the difference was no statistically significant ( P>0.05). In the patients of control group, 28 cases showed positive urine cultures within one month after TURP, among which 9 cases were new-onset urinary tract infections, there was 9 cases in the Wenpi Yishen group, and no new-onset urinary tract infections, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The traditional chinese medical syndrome scores of patients in the control group and Wenpi Yishen group after surgery were (8.0±2.1) points and (6.9±2.4) points, respectively, and the therapeutic rates of syndromes were (60.2±10.0)% and (65.2±12.2)%, respectively, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The IPSS score and SAS score of patients in the Wenpi Yishen group decreased by (21.0±4.5) points and (14.7±2.9) points before and after TURP, respectively, which were both lower than those of the control group [(19.1±3.5) points and (11.7±3.7) points], and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). In terms of the severity of postoperative complications, 34 cases (32.7%) in the control group had relatively severe complications such as urinary tract infection and hematuria, while only 5 cases (7.25%) in the Wenpi Yishen group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the postoperative inflammation-related indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:For patients with BPH, early application of the Wenpi Yishen method after TURP can effectively prevent the occurrence of urinary tract infections, and improve the uncomfortable symptoms in the short term after the operation, as well as relieve the generation of anxiety.