Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Objective To study the consonant articulation performance and speech intelligibility of patients with submucous cleft palate(SMCP)and to provide a reference for clinical speech evaluation and subsequent speech rehabilitation.Methods A total of 333 preoperative SMCP patients aged 4.5 years and older participated in this study.The accuracy,type of error,and error rates were assessed across participant genders and their varying levels of velopharyngeal closure function.Results Among the 333 patients,196 had complete velopharyngeal closure,while 137 had incomplete closure.A total of 145 patients(43.54％)demonstrated normal articulation of all conso-nants,while 188 patients(56.46％)displayed various degrees of articulation disorders.Compensatory articulation behaviors were observed in 66 patients(19.82％).No significant differences in articulation errors were found be-tween male and female patients.The accuracy ranking for consonants was from high to low as follows:nasal sounds,lateral sounds,fricatives,plosives,and affricates.Substitution was the most common error type with an incidence of 35.93％,followed by omission at 34.62％and compensatory errors at 25.51％.The average accuracy rates for plosives,fricatives,affricates,lateral/nasal sounds were 73.27％,78.20％,69.29％,and 93.39％,re-spectively.Substitution was the most common error for plosives and fricatives,while omission was most frequent for affricates.Compensatory errors occurred most often with affricates,and no compensatory errors were found in nasal or lateral sounds.Conclusion Substitution,omission,and compensatory errors are the most common articula-tion errors in SMCP patients,occurring across plosives,fricatives,and affricates.The severity of articulation disor-ders is related to velopharyngeal closure function but is independent of gender.

Objective:To explore whether the Wenpi Yishen method can effectively prevent the occurrence of urinary tract infection after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods:A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted on 173 patients with BPH admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2023 to December 2024, and they were divided into the control group ( n=104) and the Wenpi Yishen group ( n=69) by the random number table method. Patients in the control group were treated only with conventional methods after TURP, while patients in the Wenpi Yishen group were treated with the Wenpi Yishen method in addition to the conventional treatment after TURP to prevent urinary tract infections. The preoperative general data such as age and body mass index of the two groups of patients were compared, as well as the traditional chinese medical syndrome scores before and after TURP, international prostate symptom scores (IPSS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores, urinary tract infections and postoperative complications, etc. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and t-test was used for comparison between groups; count data were expressed as the cases and percentage, and Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Results:There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients in terms of preoperative traditional chinese medical syndrome scores, IPSS scores, SAS scores, and inflammation-related indicators ( P>0.05). In the patients of control group, 44 cases (42.3%) had positive urine cultures before the operation, there was 28 cases (40.6%) in the Wenpi Yishen group, and the difference was no statistically significant ( P>0.05). In the patients of control group, 28 cases showed positive urine cultures within one month after TURP, among which 9 cases were new-onset urinary tract infections, there was 9 cases in the Wenpi Yishen group, and no new-onset urinary tract infections, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The traditional chinese medical syndrome scores of patients in the control group and Wenpi Yishen group after surgery were (8.0±2.1) points and (6.9±2.4) points, respectively, and the therapeutic rates of syndromes were (60.2±10.0)% and (65.2±12.2)%, respectively, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The IPSS score and SAS score of patients in the Wenpi Yishen group decreased by (21.0±4.5) points and (14.7±2.9) points before and after TURP, respectively, which were both lower than those of the control group [(19.1±3.5) points and (11.7±3.7) points], and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). In terms of the severity of postoperative complications, 34 cases (32.7%) in the control group had relatively severe complications such as urinary tract infection and hematuria, while only 5 cases (7.25%) in the Wenpi Yishen group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the postoperative inflammation-related indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:For patients with BPH, early application of the Wenpi Yishen method after TURP can effectively prevent the occurrence of urinary tract infections, and improve the uncomfortable symptoms in the short term after the operation, as well as relieve the generation of anxiety.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Background and Aims:Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ECCA)is a malignancy with insidious onset,strong invasiveness,and poor prognosis,characterized by a high postoperative recurrence rate and a 5-year overall survival of less than 20％.Most existing prognostic models are based on the Cox proportional hazards model,which is limited by the proportional hazards assumption and linearity constraints.The random survival forest(RSF)model,a novel machine learning algorithm,can capture complex interactions and nonlinear effects among variables;however,its application in ECCA remains scarce.Therefore,this study developed a prognostic model for ECCA patients after radical resection using the RSF algorithm,aiming to provide precise and individualized prognostic assessments and support clinical decision-making.Methods:A total of 515 postoperative ECCA patients from the SEER database(2016-2021)were retrospectively enrolled and randomly divided into a training set(n=361)and a test set(n=154).Demographic and clinical variables were collected.Cox models were developed using univariate and multivariate regression,while RSF models were constructed using variable importance(VIMP)and minimal depth methods.Model performance was evaluated using the concordance index(C-index),time-dependent area under the curve(AUC),Brier scores,calibration plots,and decision curve analysis.Survival differences were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis,and interpretability was enhanced through the use of SurvSHAP and SurvLIME.Results:Multivariate Cox regression identified seven independent prognostic factors:age,race,income,T stage,N stage,tumor size,and chemotherapy.The RSF model selected four key predictors:age,tumor size,lymph node positive rate,and chemotherapy.In the test cohort,the RSF model achieved a C-index of 0.751,outperforming the Cox model(0.711).The RSF model yielded AUCs of 0.843,0.749,and 0.814 at 1,2,and 3 years,respectively,with superior calibration,overall performance,and net clinical benefit.Nonlinear associations were observed for lymph node positive rate,age,and tumor size,while chemotherapy was associated with reduced mortality risk.Stratified survival curves indicated poorer prognosis in patients without chemotherapy,lymph node positive rate＞0.1,age＞70 years,or tumor size＞20 mm.Conclusion:The RSF model,based on only four readily available clinical variables,demonstrated superior predictive performance compared with the Cox model.It provides a reliable tool for individualized prognosis and postoperative management in ECCA patients.The integration of interpretability frameworks further enhances its clinical applicability,offering potential to improve survival outcomes and quality of life.

Objective To study the consonant articulation performance and speech intelligibility of patients with submucous cleft palate(SMCP)and to provide a reference for clinical speech evaluation and subsequent speech rehabilitation.Methods A total of 333 preoperative SMCP patients aged 4.5 years and older participated in this study.The accuracy,type of error,and error rates were assessed across participant genders and their varying levels of velopharyngeal closure function.Results Among the 333 patients,196 had complete velopharyngeal closure,while 137 had incomplete closure.A total of 145 patients(43.54％)demonstrated normal articulation of all conso-nants,while 188 patients(56.46％)displayed various degrees of articulation disorders.Compensatory articulation behaviors were observed in 66 patients(19.82％).No significant differences in articulation errors were found be-tween male and female patients.The accuracy ranking for consonants was from high to low as follows:nasal sounds,lateral sounds,fricatives,plosives,and affricates.Substitution was the most common error type with an incidence of 35.93％,followed by omission at 34.62％and compensatory errors at 25.51％.The average accuracy rates for plosives,fricatives,affricates,lateral/nasal sounds were 73.27％,78.20％,69.29％,and 93.39％,re-spectively.Substitution was the most common error for plosives and fricatives,while omission was most frequent for affricates.Compensatory errors occurred most often with affricates,and no compensatory errors were found in nasal or lateral sounds.Conclusion Substitution,omission,and compensatory errors are the most common articula-tion errors in SMCP patients,occurring across plosives,fricatives,and affricates.The severity of articulation disor-ders is related to velopharyngeal closure function but is independent of gender.

Background and Aims:Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ECCA)is a malignancy with insidious onset,strong invasiveness,and poor prognosis,characterized by a high postoperative recurrence rate and a 5-year overall survival of less than 20％.Most existing prognostic models are based on the Cox proportional hazards model,which is limited by the proportional hazards assumption and linearity constraints.The random survival forest(RSF)model,a novel machine learning algorithm,can capture complex interactions and nonlinear effects among variables;however,its application in ECCA remains scarce.Therefore,this study developed a prognostic model for ECCA patients after radical resection using the RSF algorithm,aiming to provide precise and individualized prognostic assessments and support clinical decision-making.Methods:A total of 515 postoperative ECCA patients from the SEER database(2016-2021)were retrospectively enrolled and randomly divided into a training set(n=361)and a test set(n=154).Demographic and clinical variables were collected.Cox models were developed using univariate and multivariate regression,while RSF models were constructed using variable importance(VIMP)and minimal depth methods.Model performance was evaluated using the concordance index(C-index),time-dependent area under the curve(AUC),Brier scores,calibration plots,and decision curve analysis.Survival differences were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis,and interpretability was enhanced through the use of SurvSHAP and SurvLIME.Results:Multivariate Cox regression identified seven independent prognostic factors:age,race,income,T stage,N stage,tumor size,and chemotherapy.The RSF model selected four key predictors:age,tumor size,lymph node positive rate,and chemotherapy.In the test cohort,the RSF model achieved a C-index of 0.751,outperforming the Cox model(0.711).The RSF model yielded AUCs of 0.843,0.749,and 0.814 at 1,2,and 3 years,respectively,with superior calibration,overall performance,and net clinical benefit.Nonlinear associations were observed for lymph node positive rate,age,and tumor size,while chemotherapy was associated with reduced mortality risk.Stratified survival curves indicated poorer prognosis in patients without chemotherapy,lymph node positive rate＞0.1,age＞70 years,or tumor size＞20 mm.Conclusion:The RSF model,based on only four readily available clinical variables,demonstrated superior predictive performance compared with the Cox model.It provides a reliable tool for individualized prognosis and postoperative management in ECCA patients.The integration of interpretability frameworks further enhances its clinical applicability,offering potential to improve survival outcomes and quality of life.