Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the potential association between thyroid disorders and breast cancer (BC) risk in a cohort of Korean women. Materials and Methods: Data for this retrospective cohort study were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance database, including all women aged ≥ 40 who underwent BC screening from 2009 to 2010 in Korea. Thyroid disorders were identified using medical records from 2009 to 2010 and extracted using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes for thyroid nodules, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. BC cases were defined using the ICD-10 codes and tracked until December 2021. A Cox regression model was used to evaluate the association between thyroid disorders and the risk of BC. Additionally, we evaluated the association between well-known risk factors of BC and thyroid disorders using logistic regression analysis. Results: Among 5,051,633 women, the mean±standard deviation age was 55.2±10.7 years, and the median follow-up was 11.6 years, with 87,784 BC cases recorded. The proportions of patients with thyroid nodules, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism were 2.5%, 1.8%, and 0.9%, respectively. The hazard ratio for BC risk associated with thyroid nodules was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 1.20), for hypothyroidism was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.03), and for hyperthyroidism was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.21). In both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, an increased risk of BC was significantly associated with thyroid nodules (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.16 and 1.13) and hyperthyroidism (aHR, 1.11 and 1.16). History of benign breast disease, oral contraceptive use, breastfeeding, menopausal status, and hormone replacement therapy were associated with thyroid nodules and hyperthyroidism. Conclusion Our findings suggest an increased risk of BC in women with a history of thyroid nodules and hyperthyroidism, whereas no such association was found in women with hypothyroidism.

OBJECTIVES: Individuals with disabilities are at greater risk of hospitalization than the general population. We examined 10-year trends in potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPH) in Korea, comparing individuals with and without disabilities and assessing age-specific patterns. METHODS: Using National Health Information Database claims data (2010–2019), we established a fixed cohort of newly registered individuals with disabilities and control subjects statistically matched (1:1.5) at baseline. Annual PPH rates among patients with each condition were calculated and age- and sex-standardized according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Health Care Quality Indicators definitions. Trends and annual percent changes (APCs) were analyzed by disability status and age group (non-older: 30–64; older adults: ≥65 years). RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2019, PPH rates declined significantly in both groups. Among individuals with disabilities, the steepest decline was observed for hypertension (APC, −15.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −17.7 to −13.7), whereas congestive heart failure showed the largest reduction among individuals without disabilities (APC, −7.8%; 95% CI, −10.8 to −4.7). Declines were generally greater among non-older adults aged 30–64 years, regardless of disability status. The disparity between disability and non-disability groups narrowed over the decade, primarily due to larger improvements among non-older adults. Older adults with disabilities consistently exhibited the highest PPH rates for most conditions, whereas younger individuals with disabilities had the highest rates for diabetes. CONCLUSIONS PPH rates declined over the decade among both individuals with and without disabilities, particularly for hypertension and among non-older adults. However, older adults with disabilities remain at elevated risk, underscoring the need for targeted strategies to improve access to community-based primary care.

Background and Objectives: Primary prevention (PP) implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is underused in Asian countries, including South Korea. Both clinical and hospital factors may influence appropriate ICD use. We evaluated whether determinants of PP ICD implantation differ by hospital implantation volume. Methods: In this prospective, multicenter observational registry (blinded for review), patients eligible for PP ICD were enrolled. Factors associated with ICD implantation—clinical characteristics and hospital-level systems—were examined across 4 large-volume hospitals (≥ 15 implants during the study) and 12 small-volume hospitals (< 15). Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors. Results: Among 3,083 ICM patients (2,403 men; median age 70 years), PP ICD implantation rates were 10.8% in large-volume and 5.7% in small-volume hospitals. Across groups, male sex and chronic kidney disease independently predicted ICD implantation. Regarding hospital factors, non-monetary incentives for referral were the sole independent predictor in large-volume centers (odds ratio [OR], 3.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.07–6.10;P < 0.001). In small-volume centers, heart failure conferences (OR, 12.73; 95% CI, 1.72–94.37;P = 0.013), structured education systems (OR, 11.72; 95% CI, 2.45–56.12; P = 0.02), and pacemaker clinics (OR, 11.4; 95% CI, 2.24–58.39; P = 0.003) were independently associated with implantation. Conclusions Clinical predictors of PP ICD use were consistent across hospital volumes, but hospital-level determinants differed. Referral incentives characterized large-volume centers, whereas conferences, education systems, and pacemaker clinics were key in smallvolume centers. Tailored institutional strategies by hospital volume may help close the PP ICD underuse gap and improve evidence-based implementation.

Purpose: To identify influencing factors of media literacy, perceived neighborhood disorder, and adult attachment styles on fear of crime in adults in their 30s. Methods: Subjects were 232 adults in their 30s residing in South Korea. Data were collected through online and mobile surveys from February 21 to 26, 2024. Results: The following factors were found to significantly influence general fear of crime: female (β=.29, p<.001), perceived neighborhood disorder (β=.22, p=.002), attachment anxiety (β=.19, p=.003), and exclusion harmful media (β=.14, p=.020). These factors explained 23% of general fear of crime in adults in their 30s. The following factors significantly influenced specific fear of crime: perceived neighborhood disorder (β=.33, p<.001), attachment anxiety (β=.29, p<.001), female (β=.17, p=.003) and daily video platform usage (β=.16, p=.045). These factors explained 32% of specific fear of crime in adults in their 30s. Conclusion A multidimensional approach to understanding influencing factors of fear of crime is necessary because such an approach can serve as a basis for future public safety policies. Community mental health nurses should also increase their focus on ensuring that citizens feel safe in their communities.

Purpose: To identify influencing factors of media literacy, perceived neighborhood disorder, and adult attachment styles on fear of crime in adults in their 30s. Methods: Subjects were 232 adults in their 30s residing in South Korea. Data were collected through online and mobile surveys from February 21 to 26, 2024. Results: The following factors were found to significantly influence general fear of crime: female (β=.29, p<.001), perceived neighborhood disorder (β=.22, p=.002), attachment anxiety (β=.19, p=.003), and exclusion harmful media (β=.14, p=.020). These factors explained 23% of general fear of crime in adults in their 30s. The following factors significantly influenced specific fear of crime: perceived neighborhood disorder (β=.33, p<.001), attachment anxiety (β=.29, p<.001), female (β=.17, p=.003) and daily video platform usage (β=.16, p=.045). These factors explained 32% of specific fear of crime in adults in their 30s. Conclusion A multidimensional approach to understanding influencing factors of fear of crime is necessary because such an approach can serve as a basis for future public safety policies. Community mental health nurses should also increase their focus on ensuring that citizens feel safe in their communities.

Purpose: To identify influencing factors of media literacy, perceived neighborhood disorder, and adult attachment styles on fear of crime in adults in their 30s. Methods: Subjects were 232 adults in their 30s residing in South Korea. Data were collected through online and mobile surveys from February 21 to 26, 2024. Results: The following factors were found to significantly influence general fear of crime: female (β=.29, p<.001), perceived neighborhood disorder (β=.22, p=.002), attachment anxiety (β=.19, p=.003), and exclusion harmful media (β=.14, p=.020). These factors explained 23% of general fear of crime in adults in their 30s. The following factors significantly influenced specific fear of crime: perceived neighborhood disorder (β=.33, p<.001), attachment anxiety (β=.29, p<.001), female (β=.17, p=.003) and daily video platform usage (β=.16, p=.045). These factors explained 32% of specific fear of crime in adults in their 30s. Conclusion A multidimensional approach to understanding influencing factors of fear of crime is necessary because such an approach can serve as a basis for future public safety policies. Community mental health nurses should also increase their focus on ensuring that citizens feel safe in their communities.

Background: MUTYH-associated polyposis is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with an increased lifetime risk of colorectal cancer and a moderately increased risk of ovarian, bladder, breast, and endometrial cancers. We analyzed the carrier frequency and estimated the incidence of MUTYH-associated polyposis in East Asian and Korean populations, for which limited data were previously available. Methods: We examined 125,748 exomes from the gnomAD database, including 9,197 East Asians, and additional data from 5,305 individuals in the Korean Variant Archive and 1,722 in the Korean Reference Genome Database. All MUTYH variants were interpreted according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines and the Sequence Variant Interpretation guidelines from ClinGen. Results: The global carrier frequency of MUTYH-associated polyposis was 1.29%, with Europeans (non-Finnish) having the highest frequency of 1.86% and Ashkenazi Jews the lowest at 0.06%. East Asians and Koreans had a carrier frequency of 0.35% and 0.37% and an estimated incidence of 1 in 330,409 and 1 in 293,304 in Koreans, respectively, which were substantially lower than the global average of 1 in 24,160 and the European (nonFinnish) incidence of 1 in 11,520. Conclusions This was the first study to investigate the frequency of carriers of MUTYH-associated polyposis in East Asians, including specific subgroups, utilizing gnomAD and a Korean genome database. Our data provide valuable reference information for future investigations of MUTYH-associated polyposis to understand the genetic diversity and specific variants associated with this condition in East Asian populations.

Purpose: To identify influencing factors of media literacy, perceived neighborhood disorder, and adult attachment styles on fear of crime in adults in their 30s. Methods: Subjects were 232 adults in their 30s residing in South Korea. Data were collected through online and mobile surveys from February 21 to 26, 2024. Results: The following factors were found to significantly influence general fear of crime: female (β=.29, p<.001), perceived neighborhood disorder (β=.22, p=.002), attachment anxiety (β=.19, p=.003), and exclusion harmful media (β=.14, p=.020). These factors explained 23% of general fear of crime in adults in their 30s. The following factors significantly influenced specific fear of crime: perceived neighborhood disorder (β=.33, p<.001), attachment anxiety (β=.29, p<.001), female (β=.17, p=.003) and daily video platform usage (β=.16, p=.045). These factors explained 32% of specific fear of crime in adults in their 30s. Conclusion A multidimensional approach to understanding influencing factors of fear of crime is necessary because such an approach can serve as a basis for future public safety policies. Community mental health nurses should also increase their focus on ensuring that citizens feel safe in their communities.