Hospital pharmacy research is significant in enhancing the level of rational drug use,improving the quality of pharmacy services,and promoting the improvement of drug treatment effects.To guarantee the standardization of hospital pharmacy research,the compilation team of"Hospital Pharmacy Research Standards"adheres to the principles of scientificity,universality,guidance,and operability,combs through the key management contents from three aspects,namely,relevant national policy docu-ments,relevant domestic and international standards and norms,and literature analysis,combines with the actual working condition of hospital pharmacy research,and formulates the standards after several rounds of opinion collection and expert argumentation.This paper analyzes the key contents of the standard,including basic requirements,research process management,and research re-sults management,to provide guidance and reference for hospital pharmacy researchers to understand the standard in-depth and further improve the standardization of hospital pharmacy research.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among drug users in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality, so as to provide insights into strengthening HCV intervention among drug users. Methods: Drug users under community management in Baoshan District from 2017 to 2023 were recruited. Demographic information, drug use behaviors, sexual behaviors and receipt of intervention service were collected through questionnaire surveys. Blood samples were collected for HCV antibody testing, and the prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was analyzed. Factors affecting the prevalence of anti-HCV antibody among drug users were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 2 801 drug users were surveyed, including 2 233 males (79.72%) and 568 females (20.28%). The majority of drug users were aged 40 to <60 years (1 663 drug users, 59.37%). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was 28.35%, showing an overall upward trend from 2017 to 2023 (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that females (OR=1.468, 95%CI: 1.169-1.844), 40 years and over (40 to <50 years, OR=2.441, 95%CI: 1.838-3.242; 50 to <60 years, OR=2.377, 95%CI: 1.787-3.161; 60 to 97 years, OR=1.637, 95%CI: 1.163-2.304), using traditional drugs (OR=2.488, 95%CI: 1.967-3.147) or mixed drugs (OR=2.950, 95%CI: 1.974-4.409), having injected drugs (not share needles, OR=3.649, 95%CI: 2.849-4.673; share needles, OR=3.532, 95%CI: 1.851-6.738) and never using condoms during sexual contacts with spouses/cohabitants in the past year (OR=1.975, 95%CI: 1.354-2.879) were associated with a higher prevalence of anti-HCV antibody; the educational level of high school/technical secondary school (OR=0.483, 95%CI: 0.280-0.835) or college and above (OR=0.280, 95%CI: 0.129-0.608) was associated with a lower prevalence of anti-HCV antibody. Conclusions The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody among drug users in Baoshan District showed an upward trend from 2017 to 2023. Gender, age, educational level, type of drugs, history of drug injection and never using condoms during sexual contacts with spouses/cohabitants were influencing factors for prevalence of anti-HCV antibody among drug users.

Hospital pharmacy research is significant in enhancing the level of rational drug use,improving the quality of pharmacy services,and promoting the improvement of drug treatment effects.To guarantee the standardization of hospital pharmacy research,the compilation team of"Hospital Pharmacy Research Standards"adheres to the principles of scientificity,universality,guidance,and operability,combs through the key management contents from three aspects,namely,relevant national policy docu-ments,relevant domestic and international standards and norms,and literature analysis,combines with the actual working condition of hospital pharmacy research,and formulates the standards after several rounds of opinion collection and expert argumentation.This paper analyzes the key contents of the standard,including basic requirements,research process management,and research re-sults management,to provide guidance and reference for hospital pharmacy researchers to understand the standard in-depth and further improve the standardization of hospital pharmacy research.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among students close contacts diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in Baoshan District, Shanghai, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis among students. Methods: Pulmonary tuberculosis cases identified among students or teaching staff were selected as index cases through the Surveillance System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, school reports, notification of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from April 2021 to November 2023, and student close contacts in their schools were selected as research subjects. Demographic information, lifestyle and Mycobacterium tuberculosis test results were collected through questionnaires surveys and pulmonary tuberculosis screening. LTBI was defined as a positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis test result with the exclusion of active pulmonary tuberculosis. The influencing factors for LTBI among student close contacts were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 212 student close contacts were included, with 651 males and 561 females, resulting in a gender ratio of 1.16︰1. The mean age was (18.48±4.33) years. Among them, 32 cases were detected with LTBI, yielding a detection rate of 2.64%. Higher LTBI detection rates were observed among students who shared the same dormitory with pulmonary tuberculosis cases (9.26%), attended private schools (5.54%), lived on campus (3.54%), and obtained meals through take-out services (6.52%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that sharing the same dormitory with pulmonary tuberculosis cases (OR=3.604, 95%CI: 1.256-10.338), attending a private school (OR=2.327, 95%CI: 1.083-5.003), and three meals a day through canteens (OR=9.561, 95%CI: 2.029-45.057) or through take-out services (OR=19.222, 95%CI: 3.528-104.732) were associated with a higher risk of LTBI. Conclusion The close contacts of students with pulmonary tuberculosis in Baoshan District are at risk of LTBI, which is mainly affected by the degree of contact with tuberculosis cases, the strength of school epidemic prevention and control, and students' eating habits.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Rezūm Water Vapor Thermal Therapy system in the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods:The clinical data of 22 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia treated with Rezūm Water Vapor Thermal Therapy system in Boao Yiling Life Care Center in Hainan from December 2020 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, with age of (61.0±5.9) years, prostate volume of (43.7±8.4) ml. international prostate symptom score (IPSS) of (19.3±3.7), quality of life (QOL) score of (4.2±0.8), maximum urinary flow rate (Q max) of (11.9±3.4) ml ml/s, and residual urine volume (PVR) of (14.0±19.0). For 19 patients with sexual life, the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire-5 (IIEF-5) were 17.0±5.5, the Men's Sexual Health Questionnaire-Ejaculatory Dysfunction Score (MSHQ-EjD) ejaculatory function score were 10.0±3.2, and the ejaculatory satisfaction score were 1.5±1.0. Twenty-two patients underwent Rezūm Water Vapor Thermal Therapy under intravenous anesthesia (general anesthesia without intubation) in the dorsal lithotomy position. The Rezūm system consisted of reusable thermal steam treatment device and disposable prostate thermal steam treatment instrument. The thermal steam treatment device used radiofrequency energy to heat sterile distilled water, generating high-temperature steam at 103℃. In a 9-second timeframe, the tissue temperature within each treatment area was raised approximately 70℃, causing cell death and resulting in a shrink in prostate tissue volume. The disposable prostate thermal steam treatment instrument could be inserted through a cystoscope and had a retractable needle tip that extends to a length of 10.25 mm. The needle tip had 12 evenly distributed holes arranged in three rows of four holes each, with a spacing of 120° between rows, allowing for even diffusion of thermal steam along the circumference. The patient was placed in a lithotomy position, and the disposable prostate thermal steam treatment instrument was used to examine the prostate, urethra, and bladder via cystoscopy, assessing the lateral lobes and median lobe of the prostate. The tissue spacing within each field of view of the treatment instrument is 0.5 cm, and the distance from the bladder neck to the verumontanum is calculated. The first needle was injected at 3 o’clock along the left lobe, withdrawing 2 fields of view each time. During the release of thermal steam, the needle tip was positioned perpendicular to the prostate urethral mucosa, and each needle injection delivered 0.42 ml of sterile distilled water-formed thermal steam into the prostate tissue. The thermal steam injection lasted for 9 seconds, followed by a 2-3 seconds waiting period before retracting the needle tip. One needle was injected per 2 fields of view, progressing towards the proximal urethra of the verumontanum. The same method was used to treat the right lobe. For cases with significant median lobe enlargement, two fields of view were retracted at the bladder neck, and the needle was inserted at a 45° angle. The second needle was injected at intervals determined by the extent of median lobe enlargement. Each puncture point was observed for no significant bleeding, and the instrument was then removed, with an F16/F18 silicone catheter left in place. The operative time as well as indwelling catheter time were recorded. The clinical parameters such as IPSS, QOL, prostate volume, Qmax, PVR, QOL, IIEF-5 and MSHQ-EjD at preoperative and 12 to 22 weeks post operation were compared. Adverse events from the Rezūm procedure to 12-22 weeks postoperatively were recorded. Results:All the operations were successfully completed. The operation time of Rezūm system was 3.9±1.6 min, and the indwelling catheter time after operation was 4.8±1.1 days. The IPSS scores of 22 patients at 12-22 weeks after operation were 4.4±3.3, whose reduction was 14.9±4.4 compared with these at baseline( P<0.01). The PV was (37.7±8.4)ml, Qmax was (25.5±9.6)ml/s, PVR was (6.2±8.1)ml, and QOL was 1.6±0.9, all demonstrating statistically significant differences compared to preoperative values ( P<0.05). Among the 19 cases with sexual activity, the IIEF-5 score was 20.4±3.2, and the ejaculatory function score of MSHQ-EjD was 13.1±3.1, both showing statistically significant differences compared to preoperative scores ( P<0.05). The ejaculatory satisfaction score of MSHQ-EjD was 1.1±0.5, and there was no statistically significant difference compared to preoperative scores ( P>0.05). None of the 22 cases required medication or further surgical treatment for BPH after surgery. There were no urethral injuries, rectal or bladder perforations during the surgeries, and no severe complications such as rectal fistula or bladder neck contracture occurred postoperatively. There were no deaths reported. Postoperative discomfort in the urethra occurred in 19 cases, urethral pain in 8 cases, hematuria in 15 cases, poor sleep quality in 2 cases, and constipation in 1 case, all of which resolved within 7 to 10 days after surgery. Erectile dysfunction and retrograde ejaculation occurred in one case each at 4 to 5 weeks postoperatively but did not reoccur thereafter. Prostatitis and nodular hyperplasia of the middle lobe of the prostate occurred in one case each at 21 weeks and 25 weeks postoperatively, respectively, and no treatment was administered. Conclusions:In the real world, the short-term overall effect of Rezūm Water Vapor Thermal Therapy system in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia is satisfactory, which shows good efficacy and safety.

Humans ; Diabetic Neuropathies/diagnostic imaging* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Ultrasonography ; Diabetic Foot/diagnostic imaging*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of capsaicin in regulating permeation of P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 (R123) across the jejunum, ileum and colon membranes of rats.

METHODSThe permeability of R123 or fluorescein sodium (CF) across the jejunum, ileum and colon membranes of male SD rats was evaluated using a Ussing chamber. The concentration of R123 or CF in the receptor was determined using fluorospectrophotometry to calculate the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp).

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, capsaicin increased the permeability of R123 across jejunal membranes in the mucosal-to-serosal (M-S) direction and decreased its permeability in the serosal-to-mucosal (S-M) direction, but produced no obvious effect on R123 transport across the ileum or colon membranes. Capsaicin caused a regional increase in the permeability of CF across the jejunal membranes compared with the control group, but CF transport across the ileum and colon membranes was not affected.

CONCLUSIONCapsaicin can affect the transport of R123 and CF across rat jejunal membranes, and this effect is shows an obvious intestine segment-related difference probably because of the different distribution of P-gp or tight junction in the intestines. This finding suggests that capsaicin is a weak P-gp inhibitor and an improver of mucous membrane channels.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Animals ; Capsaicin ; pharmacology ; Colon ; metabolism ; Fluorescein ; pharmacokinetics ; Ileum ; metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption ; Jejunum ; metabolism ; Male ; Permeability ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhodamine 123 ; pharmacokinetics

Objective To investigate the role of capsaicin in regulating permeation of P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 (R123) across the jejunum, ileum and colon membranes of rats. Methods The permeability of R123 or fluorescein sodium (CF) across the jejunum, ileum and colon membranes of male SD rats was evaluated using a Ussing chamber. The concentration of R123 or CF in the receptor was determined using fluorospectrophotometry to calculate the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp). Results Compared with the blank control group, capsaicin increased the permeability of R123 across jejunal membranes in the mucosal-to-serosal (M-S) direction and decreased its permeability in the serosal-to-mucosal (S-M) direction, but produced no obvious effect on R123 transport across the ileum or colon membranes. Capsaicin caused a regional increase in the permeability of CF across the jejunal membranes compared with the control group, but CF transport across the ileum and colon membranes was not affected. Conclusion Capsaicin can affect the transport of R123 and CF across rat jejunal membranes, and this effect is shows an obvious intestine segment-related difference probably because of the different distribution of P-gp or tight junction in the intestines. This finding suggests that capsaicin is a weak P-gp inhibitor and an improver of mucous membrane channels.

Objective To investigate the role of capsaicin in regulating permeation of P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 (R123) across the jejunum, ileum and colon membranes of rats. Methods The permeability of R123 or fluorescein sodium (CF) across the jejunum, ileum and colon membranes of male SD rats was evaluated using a Ussing chamber. The concentration of R123 or CF in the receptor was determined using fluorospectrophotometry to calculate the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp). Results Compared with the blank control group, capsaicin increased the permeability of R123 across jejunal membranes in the mucosal-to-serosal (M-S) direction and decreased its permeability in the serosal-to-mucosal (S-M) direction, but produced no obvious effect on R123 transport across the ileum or colon membranes. Capsaicin caused a regional increase in the permeability of CF across the jejunal membranes compared with the control group, but CF transport across the ileum and colon membranes was not affected. Conclusion Capsaicin can affect the transport of R123 and CF across rat jejunal membranes, and this effect is shows an obvious intestine segment-related difference probably because of the different distribution of P-gp or tight junction in the intestines. This finding suggests that capsaicin is a weak P-gp inhibitor and an improver of mucous membrane channels.

MAL gene expresses in the mediate and late stage of T-lymphocytes.Many studies have shown that the expression of MAL gene has down regulation or loss in many kinds of tumors including esophageal carcinoma,gastric cancer,colon cancer,head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,and so on.MAL gene is related with the process of generation and development of the tumors.The application of MAL gene for clinical diagnosis,prognostic and instructing therapy needs further studies.