Time rhythm and the immune system play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)believes that the circulation of qi and blood in lung meridian follows the principle of"yang during the day,yin at night",which has a defensive function to protect the body from external pathogens.Qi stagnation in lung meridian and impaired qi and blood circulation can lead to the invasion of external pathogens,exacerbating allergic reactions,especially during the active period of the lung meridian,when the immune system is most sensitive to allergens.Based on this,this paper proposes the concept of"bidirectional regulation among meridian,time rhythm,and immune system",and in combination with TCM theory of midnight-noon and ebb-flow doctrine,analyzes the fluctuations of allergic rhinitis symptoms and the temporal changes of meridian qi and blood,and reveals the rhythmic relationship between meridian activity and immune response.This paper combines existing clinical and experimental studies to support this hypothesis,integrating the time dimension into traditional TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment,offering a more individualized treatment approach.This concept not only provides novel scientific evidence for TCM treatment of allergic rhinitis,but also offers theoretical support for optimizing treatment timing and intervention strategies.

Follicular lymphoma(FL)is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,and its treatment options face many challenges.This paper discusses the pathogenesis and treatment of FL based on the clear-turbid theory in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)."The clear and the turbid being related,and the rise and fall of qi being disorderly"is the basic pathogenesis of FL.As the disease progres-ses,"evil qi being blocked inside,and turbid evil harming the clear"aggravates,and finally"evil qi is strong and the disease progres-ses,and evil poison is generated inside".Based on this theory,the method of raising the clear and lowering the turbid and the method of dispersing the clear and removing the turbid are proposed to treat FL.The emphasis of raising the clear and lowering the turbid is to take raising and lowering as the key,movement and stillness as the pivot,and to treat the middle jiao;the emphasis of dispersing the clear and removing the turbid is to clear the triple jiao,warm the yang and invigorate the qi,and harmonize the spleen and kidney.Ca-ses are attached to illustrate,providing new ideas for the TCM treatment of FL.

Cancer is a major chronic disease that threatens human health, while traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a unique method for cancer prevention and treatment in China. After about 70 years of innovation and development, TCM has made constant progress in areas such as the clinical diagnosis, treatment, evidence-based researches, and mechanism exploration of cancer. It has special advantages in aspects such as reducing toxicity, enhancing treatment efficacy, managing symptoms, accelerating recovery, preventing recurrence and metastasis, and prolonging advanced-stage survival. However, there are still bottlenecks for TCM in cancer care. This paper cuts in the key links between TCM and western medicine in their combined application in cancer prevention and treatment, and take the original TCM theories on cancer as the lead, high-quality evidence-based researches as the drive, and analysis on the dynamic mechanism as the core, to show the advantages and effects of TCM in cancer treatment in an all-round way. It also aims to provide novel strategies for sustainable and innovative development and for formulation of comprehensive schemes that integrate TCM and western medicine for cancer prevention and treatment.

Objective To investigate the correlation between cognitive impairment and depression in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Based on China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011,totally 521 elderly T2DM patients were enrolled,and according to the results of minimum mental state examination(MMSE)and their education lev-els,they were divided into a cognitively impaired group(437 cases)and a cognitively normal group(84 cases).Center for ED Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale was used to assess the depression symptoms.The correlation between cognitive impairment and depression was analyzed.Results Compared with the cognitively normal group,the cognitively impaired group had signifi-cantly advanced age(71.98±5.29 year vs 69.42±3.98 year,P=0.000),larger proportion of de-pression(60.6％vs 35.7％,P=0.000),and higher C-reactive protein level(5.09±12.80 mg/L vs 2.25±2.43 mg/L,P=0.000),and obviously lower ratios of being married(72.1％vs 86.9％,P=0.001)and having cardiovascular disease(20.1％vs 32.1％,P=0.010),and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate[77.15±15.88 ml/(min·1.73 m2)vs 81.91±13.55 ml/(min·1.73 m2),P=0.001].Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cognitive impairment was an independent risk factor for the development of depression in elderly T2DM patients(OR=3.44,95％CI:1.89-6.27,P＜0.01).ROC curve analysis indicated that the AUC value of MMSE score in predicting depression in elderly T2DM patients was 0.669(95％CI:0.626-0.709,P＜0.01).The direct effect of cognitive impairment and the mediating effect of loneliness on depression in elderly T2DM patients accounted for 72.22％and 27.78％of the total effect,respectively.Conclu-sion Cognitive impairment is associated with the presence of depression in elderly T2DM pa-tients,and loneliness plays a mediating role.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Objective To investigate the correlation between cognitive impairment and depression in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Based on China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011,totally 521 elderly T2DM patients were enrolled,and according to the results of minimum mental state examination(MMSE)and their education lev-els,they were divided into a cognitively impaired group(437 cases)and a cognitively normal group(84 cases).Center for ED Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale was used to assess the depression symptoms.The correlation between cognitive impairment and depression was analyzed.Results Compared with the cognitively normal group,the cognitively impaired group had signifi-cantly advanced age(71.98±5.29 year vs 69.42±3.98 year,P=0.000),larger proportion of de-pression(60.6％vs 35.7％,P=0.000),and higher C-reactive protein level(5.09±12.80 mg/L vs 2.25±2.43 mg/L,P=0.000),and obviously lower ratios of being married(72.1％vs 86.9％,P=0.001)and having cardiovascular disease(20.1％vs 32.1％,P=0.010),and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate[77.15±15.88 ml/(min·1.73 m2)vs 81.91±13.55 ml/(min·1.73 m2),P=0.001].Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cognitive impairment was an independent risk factor for the development of depression in elderly T2DM patients(OR=3.44,95％CI:1.89-6.27,P＜0.01).ROC curve analysis indicated that the AUC value of MMSE score in predicting depression in elderly T2DM patients was 0.669(95％CI:0.626-0.709,P＜0.01).The direct effect of cognitive impairment and the mediating effect of loneliness on depression in elderly T2DM patients accounted for 72.22％and 27.78％of the total effect,respectively.Conclu-sion Cognitive impairment is associated with the presence of depression in elderly T2DM pa-tients,and loneliness plays a mediating role.

Time rhythm and the immune system play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)believes that the circulation of qi and blood in lung meridian follows the principle of"yang during the day,yin at night",which has a defensive function to protect the body from external pathogens.Qi stagnation in lung meridian and impaired qi and blood circulation can lead to the invasion of external pathogens,exacerbating allergic reactions,especially during the active period of the lung meridian,when the immune system is most sensitive to allergens.Based on this,this paper proposes the concept of"bidirectional regulation among meridian,time rhythm,and immune system",and in combination with TCM theory of midnight-noon and ebb-flow doctrine,analyzes the fluctuations of allergic rhinitis symptoms and the temporal changes of meridian qi and blood,and reveals the rhythmic relationship between meridian activity and immune response.This paper combines existing clinical and experimental studies to support this hypothesis,integrating the time dimension into traditional TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment,offering a more individualized treatment approach.This concept not only provides novel scientific evidence for TCM treatment of allergic rhinitis,but also offers theoretical support for optimizing treatment timing and intervention strategies.

Follicular lymphoma(FL)is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,and its treatment options face many challenges.This paper discusses the pathogenesis and treatment of FL based on the clear-turbid theory in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)."The clear and the turbid being related,and the rise and fall of qi being disorderly"is the basic pathogenesis of FL.As the disease progres-ses,"evil qi being blocked inside,and turbid evil harming the clear"aggravates,and finally"evil qi is strong and the disease progres-ses,and evil poison is generated inside".Based on this theory,the method of raising the clear and lowering the turbid and the method of dispersing the clear and removing the turbid are proposed to treat FL.The emphasis of raising the clear and lowering the turbid is to take raising and lowering as the key,movement and stillness as the pivot,and to treat the middle jiao;the emphasis of dispersing the clear and removing the turbid is to clear the triple jiao,warm the yang and invigorate the qi,and harmonize the spleen and kidney.Ca-ses are attached to illustrate,providing new ideas for the TCM treatment of FL.

Cancer is a major chronic disease that threatens human health, while traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a unique method for cancer prevention and treatment in China. After about 70 years of innovation and development, TCM has made constant progress in areas such as the clinical diagnosis, treatment, evidence-based researches, and mechanism exploration of cancer. It has special advantages in aspects such as reducing toxicity, enhancing treatment efficacy, managing symptoms, accelerating recovery, preventing recurrence and metastasis, and prolonging advanced-stage survival. However, there are still bottlenecks for TCM in cancer care. This paper cuts in the key links between TCM and western medicine in their combined application in cancer prevention and treatment, and take the original TCM theories on cancer as the lead, high-quality evidence-based researches as the drive, and analysis on the dynamic mechanism as the core, to show the advantages and effects of TCM in cancer treatment in an all-round way. It also aims to provide novel strategies for sustainable and innovative development and for formulation of comprehensive schemes that integrate TCM and western medicine for cancer prevention and treatment.