This paper discussed the differentiation and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting （CINV） in traditional Chinese medicine， based on the theory of "yin qi descends， while all yang qi ascends” from Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》）. The core pathogenesis of CINV is attributed to chemotherapy-induced injury to the middle jiao （焦）， resulting in the separation of yin and yang and loss of their mutual communication. Acute and explosive CINV is often characterized by "all yang qi ascends"， with stomach yang constraint transforming into fire， and qi counterflow leading to vomiting， which can be treated by unblocking stomach yang， draining fire and scattering the counterflow， with Huoxiang Zhengqi Powder （藿香正气散） and medicinals of clearing function. For delayed cases， which are often due to "yin qi descends"， and the accumulation of turbid yin obstructs and constrains the deficient yang， the treatment should focus on promoting qi flow to eliminate turbidity， unblocking and boosting yang qi， and Chengqi-series Formulas （承气类方） or Xiao Banxia Decoction （小半夏汤） can be considered. Refractory and anticipated cases usually involve stomach-kidney deficiency and zang-fu （脏腑） organs disharmony， making yin and yang difficult to restore balance， for which the treatment should focus on nourishing both the stomach and kidneys and harmonize the zang-fu organs， with formulas such as Fuzi Lizhong Decoction （附子理中汤） or Xiaoyao Powder （逍遥散） modified as appropriate.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of different doses of fasudil on hepatic ischemia/reperfussion (I/R) injury in rats with liver cirrhosis.Methods Cirrhosis was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of 60％ carbon tetrachloride (CC14) corn oil solution (0.4 ml/100 g) twice a week for twelve weeks.Five percent of alcohol was given intermittently in drinking water.Then 40 cirrhotic rats were randomized into 4 groups.In sham group,sham operation was performed.In I/R group A and B,whole rat livers were subjected to warm ischemia by clamping the hepatic artery and portal vein for 30 min.In group A,the selected rats were pretreated with low-dose fasudil 1 mg/kg (intraperitoneal injection) 30 min before the induction of ischemia,and in group B,with high-dose 10 mg/kg.The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and endothelin-1 (ET-1),and the liver tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD)activity,malondialdehyde (MDA) content,the expression of HIF-1a (hypoxia-inducible fador-1a) were measured after reperfusion for 6 hours.Hepatic pathologic changes were observed under microscope.Results Compared with I/R group,the serum ALT,AST,ET-1 levels,MDA content and the expression of HIF-1 a were markedly decreased in group B,while the SOD activity significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).And the pathologic changes were less severe in group B.Conclusion The high-dose fasudil markedly lessened the expression of HIF-1a,up-regulated the concentration of SOD,and lowered the levels of MDA and ET-1,protecting against heoatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats with liver cirrhosis.

The heterologously expressed L1 protein of human papilomavirus 16 can assembly into virus-like particles (VLPs), which has been used as prophylactic vaccine for cervical carcinoma. To express L1 protein in Hansenula polymorpha, we analyzed the codon usage of the native gene of L1 protein and redesigned the encoding sequence according to the codon bias of H. polymorpha. We used assembly PCR to synthesize the native gene HPV16L1-N and the codon optimized gene HPV16L1. The synthesized genes were cloned into pMOXZa-A vector to generate plasmids pMOXZ-HPV16N and pMOXZ-HPV16. The expression cassettes MOXp-HPV16L1(N)-AOXTT were cloned into YEp352 vector and transferred into H. polymorpha. After methanol inducement, the expression of L1 protein in H. polymorpha was detected from the codon optimized gene HPV16L1 rather than the native gene HPVI6L1-N. The parameters for induced cultivation for strain HP-U-16L with HPV16L1 were investigated in shaking flask cultures. After induced cultivation in YPM (pH 7.0) medium supplemented with methanol to a final concentration of 1.0% every 12 h at 37 degrees C for 72 h, the recombinant produced 78.6 mg/L of L1 protein. This work offers the possibility for the production of prophylactic vaccine for cervical carcinoma by H. polymorpha.
Capsid Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; genetics ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Pichia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics