Purpose: Hepatobiliary diseases such as fatty liver, gallbladder polyps, gallstones, hepatic hemangiomas, and gallbladder adenomyomatosis are frequently identified through abdominal ultrasound during health checkups. Although often asymptomatic, these findings may reflect underlying metabolic or structural abnormalities and require long-term monitoring. Fatty liver, in particular, is closely linked to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed abdominal ultrasound findings of 967Republic of Korea Air Force pilots aged ≥40 years who underwent routine medical checkups between January 2017 and December 2023. Data were obtained fromelectronic medical records and structured questionnaires. Fatty liver was graded using the Hamaguchi criteria, and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD) was defined according to international consensus. Statistical analysesincluded t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Fatty liver was found in 29.1% of participants, with 22.0% of those cases being moderate or severe. Gallbladder polyps (16.1%), gallstones (3.5%), hepatic hemangiomas (5.8%), and gallbladder adenomyomatosis (1.3%) were also observed.MAFLD was diagnosed in 28.5% of pilots. Independent risk factors for MAFLD includedage, body mass index, waist circumference, white blood cell count, uric acid, fastingglucose, HDL cholesterol, AST/ALT ratio, and albumin. Conclusion Compared to the general population, the prevalence of MAFLD amongmilitary pilots was relatively low, likely due to strict health standards. However, the presence of moderate to severe fatty liver emphasizes the need for continued metabolic screening and preventive strategies, even in well-monitored occupational groups.

Electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) has been suggested as a noninvasive diabetic screening tool. We examined the relevance of ESC method for screening type 2 diabetes. A meal tolerance test (MTT) was conducted for 40 diabetic and 42 control subjects stratifi ed by age, sex and body mass index (BMI). The glucose levels and ESC were measured before the MTT and every 30 min after meal intake up to 120 min. There was no correlation between the blood glucose level and ESC (r = 0.249) or ESC variability (ESCV) (r = −0.173). ESC (ESCV) was higher (lower) in diabetic patients than in normal control (p = 0.02 for ESC and p = 0.06 for ESCV). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) values of the ESC and ESCV were 0.654 and 0.691, respectively. The novel variable, ESCV, showed 5.7% higher AUC than ESC. Contrary to some previous reports, ESC values in diabetic patients was higher than in age, sex and BMI matched control group. In our study, ESC or ESCV showed a marginal accuracy to be used as a screening tool for diabetes mellitus.
Area Under Curve ; Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Meals ; Methods ; ROC Curve ; Skin