Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by erythema, papules, ocular symptoms, and heightened sensitivity. Patients with neurogenic symptoms such as burning or stinging remain particularly difficult to manage. Current guidelines often underrepresent energy-based devices (EBDs), pigmentary sequelae, psychosocial burden, and ocular comorbidities. Objective: To examine Korean dermatologists’ expert perspectives on rosacea management, focusing on skin sensitivity, neurogenic symptoms, pigmentary changes, psychosocial impact, ocular involvement, and EBD use. Methods: A web-based, 29-item survey was administered to 25 board-certified Korean dermatologists (May–June 2025). Quantitative and qualitative responses were analyzed. Results: Erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular phenotypes with sensitivity skin predominated. EBDs (pulsed dye laser, intense pulsed light) were frequently used but limited by cost and sensitivity issues. Neurogenic symptoms were recognized but rarely treated with neuromodulators. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation was infrequent, yet monitoring was inconsistent.Psychosocial and ocular aspects were acknowledged but seldomly systematically addressed.Respondents expressed interest in emerging adjunctive treatments such as cold plasma, skin boosters, and holistic care approaches. Conclusion Korean dermatologists adopt individualized strategies for rosacea, yet practice gaps remain regarding neurogenic symptoms, pigmentary complications, and psychosocial and ocular comorbidities. Findings support the need for updated multidisciplinary, phenotype-driven guidelines aligned with real-world practice.

PURPOSE: Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination for melanoma was introduced because melanoma carries distinct tumor-associated antigens. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of DC vaccination for melanoma in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five patients with stage IV and one with stage II were enrolled. Autologous monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) were cultured and pulsed with tumor-lysate, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and cytokine cocktail for mature antigen-loaded DC. DC vaccination was repeated four times at 2-week intervals and 2-4x107 DC were injected each time. RESULTS: Reduced tumor volume was observed by PET-CT in three patients after DC vaccination. Delayed type hypersensitivity responses against tumor antigen were induced in five patients. Tumor antigen-specific IFN-gamma-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot in two patients. However, the overall clinical outcome showed disease progression in all patients. CONCLUSION: In this study, DC vaccination using tumor antigen-loaded, mature MoDCs led to tumor regression in individual melanoma patients. Further standardization of DC vaccination protocol is required to determine which parameters lead to better anti-tumor responses and clinical outcomes.
Dendritic Cells/*cytology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/*methods ; Melanoma/*therapy ; Monocytes/*cytology ; Treatment Outcome

Papular xanthoma is a normolipemic xanthomatosis, characterized by nonconfluent papular to papulonodular eruptions on the face, trunk, extremities and occasionally mucous membranes. Histologically, there was an infiltration of foamy histiocytes and Touton type giant cells in the dermis without inflammatory cells or a pure histiocytic component. But, occasional lymphocytes were interspersed between the foamy macrophage. No systemic involvement could be found and the blood lipid profiles were normal. We report a case of papular xanthoma in a 30-year-old man with typical clinical, histopathologic findings.
Adult ; Dermis ; Extremities ; Giant Cells ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Mucous Membrane ; Xanthomatosis

Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia is characterized by increased blood levels of the triglyceride form of the fat that makes up very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). Eruptive xanthomas have been frequently observed in type I and V hyperlipoproteinemias but rarely observed in patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. The Koebner phenomenon is the development of the isomorphic skin lesions in persons with certain skin diseases after an injury has occurred on skin of normal appearance. Although this response can develop in psoriasis, lichen planus, verruca etc., it has seldom been associated with eruptive xanthoma. We report a case of eruptive xanthoma with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia and Koebner phenomenon in a 28-year-old Korean male.
Adult ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; Lichen Planus ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Male ; Psoriasis ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Warts ; Xanthomatosis

BACKGROUND: Molluscum contagiosum is a common cutaneous viral infection of the skin. Although molluscum contagiosum generally affects young children, the incidence in adults is rising. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our investigation was to describe the clinical characteristics of 28 adults with biopsy-proven molluscum contagiosum. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and clinical photographs of 28 patients who were diagnosed with molluscum contagiosum from June 2000 to May 2007. Personal and clinical information such as onset, age, gender distribution, clinical manifestations, associated diseases, pathologic characteristics and treatment modalities were investigated. RESULTS: Of the 28 patients, 19 (67.9%) were men and 9 (32.1%) were women. The average age of onset in men and women were 39.4 and 46.4 years, respectively and the overall average age of onset was 41.7 years. The most common clinical finding was a typical umblicated papule in 10 (35.7%) of the 28 cases. The atypical presentations including giant molluscum, chickenpox-like lesions, prurigo-like lesions and verruca-like lesions were also seen. The most common affected site was the genital area, followed by the head and neck, extremities and trunk. Except for the 21 asymptomatic patients, 7 patients complained of pruritus. Seropositive ELISA assays for HIV was found in 1 patient. Five patients were under immunosuppressive conditions such as HIV infection, sarcoidosis, taking immunosuppressant drugs after liver transplantation, chemotherapy for breast cancer and chemotherapy for gastric cancer. Molluscum bodies were confirmed in all patients through histologic findings. Molluscum extraction was mainly used as a treatment of molluscum contagiosum. CONCLUSION: In Korean literature, this is the first clinical study of molluscum contagiosum occurring in adults. Molluscum contagiosum in adults shows atypical clinical features, so it can be misdiagnosed as other diseases. We suggest that dermatologists should perceive clinical findings of molluscum contagiosum in adults and perform proper investigation and management.
Adult ; Age of Onset ; Breast Neoplasms ; Child ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Extremities ; Female ; Head ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; Hospital Distribution Systems ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Medical Records ; Molluscum Contagiosum ; Neck ; Pruritus ; Sarcoidosis ; Skin ; Stomach Neoplasms

Solitary dermatofibroma shows a common occurrence, especially on the lower limbs of young women, while multiple eruptive dermatofibromas are rare and are thought to be associated with altered immunity, such as autoimmune diseases and immunosuppression. We report a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) who developed multiple, eruptive dermatofibromas while she was being treated with systemic corticosteroid. We also review literature on the previously reported cases of multiple eruptive dermatofibromas associated with SLE.
Arthritis, Juvenile* ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Female ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Lower Extremity ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic*

Sclerotic fibroma is often regarded as a unique proliferating lesion, but some authors regard it as an end stage of other neoplasms, especially dermatofibroma. We report two cases of dermatofibroma with sclerotic fibroma-like change. The skin biopsy specimens from different patients showed a common finding of dermatofibroma, while some portions of the tumor were replaced by thick, hyalinized, eosinophilic collagen bundles and empty clefts with low cellularity, which was histologically similar to sclerotic fibroma. According to these findings, dermatofibroma with sclerotic fibroma-like change can be evidence of the possible pathogenesis of sclerotic fibroma.
Biopsy ; Collagen ; Eosinophils ; Fibroma ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Skin

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis which clinically presents with various cutaneous manifestations with or without tenderness and pruritus. NEH has a characteristic histologic pattern, with necrosis of the eccrine glands and local neutrophilic infiltrations. It occurs mostly in patients receiving chemotherapy for acute myeloblastic leukemia or, less frequently, other malignancies. More recently, NEH has been observed in other conditions, such as infections, drugs or even in generally healthy individuals. We report a case of a 29- year-old female with no remarkable medical history who has suffered from a solitary skin-colored indurated macule with tenderness on the left sole for 2 weeks. The skin biopsy showed typical features of neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis. The patient was successfully treated with oral prednisolone for 2 weeks and an intralesional injection of triamcinolone.
Biopsy ; Drug Therapy ; Eccrine Glands ; Female ; Hidradenitis* ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils* ; Prednisolone ; Pruritus ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Triamcinolone

Although the clinical features of syringoma are usually scattered papules, especially around the eyes, there are several forms showing atypical presentation and location: unilateral, eruptive, acral, and linear. The uncommon characteristic features (linear and unilateral) may confuse and delay the differential diagnoses of syringoma. We report a case of a 35-year-old female who presented with a 10-year history of linear, skin-colored papules on her right arm. Histopathologic findings were consistent with typical syringoma, showing comma-like tubal structures lined by eccrine glandular cells. This case suggests that syringomas need to be included in the differential diagnosis of unilateral, linear, papular or plaque skin lesions.
Adult ; Arm ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Skin ; Syringoma*

Epidermolytic acanthoma is an uncommon benign tumor characterized histologically by epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Clinically, the tumor resembles a verruca or seborrheic keratosis and may occur in either isolated or disseminated forms. Herein, we present a case of a 46-year-old male who developed multiple seborrheic keratosis or verruca like papules on his trunk which showed epidermolytic hyperkeratosis upon microscopic examination. Following clinical and histological findings, the patient was diagnosed as having disseminated epidermolytic acanthoma.
Acanthoma* ; Humans ; Hyperkeratosis, Epidermolytic ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Warts