Background: Cervical cancer is a common disease among women. Treatment for cervical cancer includes surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Cisplatin is the first-line chemotherapy drug for cervical cancer. Research has shown that about 20% of cervical cancer patients become resistant to chemotherapy, which results in decreased results, tumor recurrence, and poor prognosis. Therefore, researching new drugs, improving the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to cisplatin, and improving the effectiveness of cervical cancer treatment is the basis of this research. Aim: To investigate the inhibitory effect of curcumin on cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer Hela/DDP and SiHa/DDP cell lines. Materials and Methods: The study utilized cisplatin-resistant cervical squamous carcinoma (SiHa/DDP) and adenocarcinoma (Hela/DDP) cell lines. The cells in the experimental group were treated with 8.5 μM of curcumin, while the control group received only the culture medium. A colony formation assay was conducted to assess cell proliferation, with colonies stained using crystal violet; the number of colonies was then counted and compared between the two groups. Results : 1. In the Hela/DDP cell line, the control group formed an average of 507.7±15.70 colonies, whereas the experimental group, treated with curcumin, formed 112.3±16.17 colonies. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). 2. In the SiHa/DDP cell line, the control group had an average of 450.3±17.95 colonies, while the experimental group treated with curcumin had 198.3±13.05 colonies. This difference was also statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Conclusions 1. Curcumin significantly reduces the proliferation of cisplatin-resistant cervical squamous cell carcinoma (Hela/DDP) cells. 2. Curcumin significantly reduces the proliferation of cisplatin-resistant cervical adenocarcinoma (SiHa/DDP) cells.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a globally prevalent metabolic disorder associated with macrovascular and microvascular complications. The number of patients diagnosed with T2DM has exceeded 460 million worldwide and continues to rise. Insulin resistance is a primary pathogenic factor contributing to various systemic complications. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a critical biomarker for monitoring glucose control in T2DM patients.
This study aimed to compare the mean platelet volume (MPV) between different groups of T2DM patients to assess the impact of disease progression and glycemic control. A total of 152 patients were categorized based on disease duration and glycemic control. The results showed that patients diagnosed for less than one year had a mean MPV of 9.8±1.0 fl, while those diagnosed for more than five years had a mean MPV of 9.0±0.95 fl. Comparative analysis with international studies indicated that MPV is significantly higher in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic individuals. Furthermore, patients with poor glycemic control exhibited a decrease in platelet count, aligning with findings in metabolic disease research.
The study findings suggest that both disease duration and glycemic control status influence platelet volume and count variations. Monitoring MPV can serve as an early indicator of diabetes-related complications. This research underscores the importance of continuous platelet parameter assessment in diabetic patients to predict and manage potential vascular complications effectively.

This study examines the association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 109 randomly selected T2DM patients, stratified into three groups based on HbA1c levels: good control (14%, HbA1c <7%), moderate control (16%, HbA1c 7–8%), and poor control (70%, HbA1c >8%). Demographic and hematological parameters were analyzed, with NLR calculated from complete blood count data.
Results demonstrated a significant increase in NLR with deteriorating glycemic control (good: 1.8±0.8; moderate: 1.9±0.8; poor: 2.3±1.2; p=0.015). No significant age or gender differences were observed among groups. Patients with longer diabetes duration (>5 years) exhibited higher HbA1c and NLR levels, suggesting a link between chronic hyperglycemia and inflammation. The findings support NLR as a low-cost, accessible inflammatory marker for T2DM progression.
This study highlights NLR’s potential as a clinical biomarker for monitoring glycemic control and systemic inflammation in T2DM. Future research should investigate NLR’s predictive value for diabetes-related complications.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by menstrual irregularities, hormonal imbalance, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and the presence of multiple ovarian follicles. It is one of the major causes of infertility, endometrial carcinoma, and pregnancy-related complications. PCOS is not limited to the reproductive system; it is a chronic disorder associated with metabolic abnormalities and increased cardiovascular risk, which can negatively affect women’s long-term quality of life.In recent years, growing attention has been given to the metabolic alterations seen in women with PCOS-particularly hyperuricemia-and to the emerging role of novel anthropometric indicators such as neck circumference. Given the limited data on these parameters among Mongolian women with PCOS, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum uric acid levels and selected anthropometric measurements. Aim: To examine the association between serum uric acid concentration and selected anthropometric parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in a clinical setting and included 120 women aged 15–35 years. Participants completed a structured questionnaire that collected information on age, menstrual cycle characteristics, and medication use. Anthropometric measurements-including height, weight, neck, waist, and hip circumference—were recorded. PCOS was diagnosed based on the Rotterdam criteria. Serum uric acid levels were determined through biochemical testing. Statistical analyses were performed using the t-test and Pearson correlation test. Results: Of the 120 women enrolled, 45.8% (n=55) were diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria, while 54.2% (n=65) were classified as controls. The mean neck circumference was 36.2±2.5 cm in the PCOS group and 31.5±1.8 cm in the control group (p<0.001). The mean waist circumference was 88.4±7.9 cm in the PCOS group and 75.8±6.7 cm in the control group (p<0.001). The mean hip circumference was 103.5±6.5 cm among women with PCOS and 94.7±5.5 cm in the control group (p<0.01). The waist-to-hip ratio was significantly higher in the PCOS group (0.85±0.07) compared to controls (0.80±0.05, p<0.05). Among women with PCOS, the mean serum uric acid concentration was 476±8.5 µmol/L, which-although not exceeding the upper reference limit for women (400 µmol/L) was slightly higher than the average value in healthy individuals. Conclusion Compared with healthy controls, women with PCOS demonstrated significantly higher anthropometric indices. Although serum uric acid did not surpass the reference maximum, elevated mean levels indicate a potential risk marker for metabolic disorders. The strongest correlation was observed between uric acid and neck circumference, suggesting this parameter may serve as a more sensitive anthropometric indicator than BMI or waist-to-hip rat

Background: Uterine leiomyomas are smooth muscle tumors and are the most common type of pelvic tumors in women. Uterine myomectomy, the surgical removal of uterine leiomyomas, is one of the most frequently performed procedures in gynecological surgery. From 2022 to 2024, uterine myomectomy accounted for 29.3% of all surgical procedures performed in the Gynecology Department of the Mongolia-Japan Hospital. Although research in this field has been undertaken in our country, there is a marked paucity of evidence regarding the use of vasoconstrictive agents during laparoscopic myomectomy, which underscores the rationale for the present study. Aim: Present study was aimed to A study of effectiveness of vasopressin for the patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted after receiving ethical approval from the Research ethics committee of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (No.24-25/06-02, March 24, 2025). The study data was collected from electronic medical records using a five-category card and was performed using a descriptive research design. Between 2022 and 2024, a comparative study was conducted at the Gynecology Department of the Mongolia-Japan Hospital of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. The study compared the effectiveness of two groups undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy for uterine leiomyoma: 74 cases (Group 1) where vasopressin was used, and 20 cases (Group 2) where traditional vasoconstrictor agent were administered. Data was collected quantitative and qualitative data were coded and analysed using SPSS 26.0 version. Difference of proportions between qualitative variables were tested using chi- square test and numerical variables were tested using independent t-test as applicable. Results: The average age of the participants was 40.48±6.01 years. Among these patients 52.1% (n=94) cases had single uterine fibroid nodules, 34% cases had two to three uterine fibroid nodules, and 13.9% cases had multiple uterine fibroid nodules. Of the study participants 6.4% (n=94) were asymptomatic upon hospital admission, while 93.6% had one or more symptoms related to uterine leiomyoma, with two or three symptoms appearing together. When comparing the average intraoperative blood loss during surgery between the two groups, the traditional vasoconstrictor agent group had 291.5±189.8 ml, while the vasopressin group had 160.6±82.5 ml (95% CI: 74.1-187.6, p=0.000). The surgical duration time for the vasopressin group was 112.4±39.2 minutes, and for the traditional vasoconstrictor agent group, it was 138.2±55.6 minutes (95% CI: 4.1-47.4, p=0.02). The rate of conversion from laparoscopic to open myomectomy was 5% (n=1) in the traditional group, while it was 0% (n=0) in the vasopressin group. Blood transfusion rates were 0% (n=0) for the vasopressin group and 10% (n=2) for the traditional vasoconstrictor agent group (p=0.006). Conclusion The local use of a vasopressin injection during laparoscopic myomectomy for uterine leiomyoma resulted in a shorter surgical duration time and less intraoperative blood loss. Furthermore, it is significant for reducing the use of blood products during surgery. In addition, it significantly reduces the common complications of myomectomy, such as bleeding and the conversion of laparoscopic to open surgery.

Relationship of oocyte diameter and risk factors, embryo development during IVF treatment Introduction: We aimed to determine whether the simple non-invasive measurement of oocyte size using a time-lapse system and assess the impact on occurrence of fertilization and embryo quality in assisted reproduction cycles. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was performed on 70 infertile patients who underwent the first IVF cycle at Mon-CL hospital. A total of 70 cycles which yielded 483 metaphase II oocytes were included in the analysis. In addition, we evaluated age, body mass index, ovarian reserve markers, fertilization and good embryo rate. The results were processed using SPSS 21.0. Results: The patients’s age ranged from 22 to 45 years (34.94±4.89 on average). The mean oocyte cytoplasmic diameter was 115.35±5.19 µm, total diameter was 167.61±9.61 µm, zona pellucida thickness was 21.58±4.09. There was no statistically significant association between oocyte size and the occurrence of fertilization or the qualitative embryo classification on day 3. Age, body mass index, cause of infertility, and ovarian response did not affect oocyte sizes.

Background: Tick-borne encephalitis is human viral infection involving the nervous system and transmitted by the bite of infected tick. The TBE Virus is distributed in different geographical areas by three widespread subtypes of the virus: The Far East, Europe, and Siberia. The Far East type has a mortality rate was 30-35%, the European type has a mortality rate of 2.2%, and the Siberian type has a mortality rate of 6-8% (A.G. Pletnev, 1998) [2].
In recent years, human cases of tick-borne infections have been reported in 19 European countries and four Asian countries (Mongolia, China, Japan, and South Korea) [3].
Human cases of tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne rickettsiosis, and tick-borne borreliosis have been registered in Mongolia since 2005. Deaths have been reported year by year [5].
During 2005 to 2021, tick-borne rickettsiosis (71.6%), tick-borne encephalitis (17.3%) and tick-borne borreliosis (52.9%) were confirmed by epidemiological, clinical and laboratory tests at the NCZD.
Tick-borne encephalitis was registered in 63 soums of 15 provinces and 9 districts of the capital city, of which 90% were infected with tick bites in Selenge and Bulgan provinces. The average mortality rate is 4.9% (14), of which 28.6% in Bulgan province and 2.7% in Selenge province.
Tick-borne encephalitis is the leading cause of death in Bugat soum of Bulgan province and more infected men about 40 years of age [7]. Purpose : Collect ticks from selected soums of the provinces, identify tick species, species composition, distribution, tick densities, pathogens of tick-borne diseases, conduct population surveys to assess the risk of tick-borne infections, and identify tick-borne infections. Material and Method: Ticks were collected by flag from birch trees in birch forests and meadows with biotope and overgrown berries, determined morphological analyze and molecular biological investigation for detecting tickborne pathogens.
Questionnaires were collected from selected soum residents according to a specially designed randomized epidemiological and clinical survey card, collected information and forms were submitted to soum hospitals with a history of tick bites (according to clinical criteria). Serological tests were performed to detect IgG-specific antibodies to the collected serum mites. Result and conclusion Collected 121 ticks (120 I. persulcatus and 1 D. nuttalli) and not wound egg, larvae, nymphs. By molecular biological investigation detected 3.5% of I.persulcatus from Khutag-Undur soum of Bulgan province, 3.5% of anaplasmosis, and 14.1% of I.persulcatus mites from Bugat soum. 1.5% borreliosis, 3.1% anaplasmosis.
Detected DNA of 100% tick-borne rickettsiosis from D.nutalli ticks and determined circulation of infection among tick in Bugat and Khutag-Undur soums of Bulgan province.
247 people were surveyed, 56 blood serum from cases. Detected Q fever, erysipelas, and anaplasmosis, tick-borne borreliosis 3 (5.4%), tick-borne rickettsiosis 26 (46.4%), Japanese encephalitis 3 (5.4%), tick-borne encephalitis tick-borne rickettsiosis 6 (13.0%), tick-borne rickettsiosis tick-borne borreliosis 1 (1.8%), tick’s rickettsiosis Japanese encephalitis 1 (1.8%), tick-borne encephalitis tick-borne borreliosis 1 (1.8%).
By investigation, vaccination (88%) and wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants (81%) were the most effective ways to prevent tick bites (81%) [15]. According to our research, the percent of population knowledge in Bulgan province was insufficient (40.9%) which there is a lack of information, training and advertisement among the population in the province.

Background: To investigate relapse rates after the successful treatment of patients with non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia (EH) either a levonorgestrel impregnated intrauterine system (LNG-IUS; MIRENA®) or two regimens of oral dydrogesterone (DGS) after primary histological response. Currently, the incidence of EH is indistinctly reported to be around 200,000 new EH cases per year in Western countries. Methods: Patients were at their choice assigned to one of the following three treatment arms: LNG-IUS; 10 mg of oral DGS administered for 10 days per cycle for 6 months; or 10 mg of oral DGS administered daily for 6 months. The women were followed for 6 months after ending therapy. [Figure2] Women aged 25-55 years with low or medium risk endometrial hyperplasia met the inclusion criteria, and 35 completed the therapy. Results: Histological relapse was observed in 55/ (41%) women who had an initial complete treatment response. The relapse rates were similar in the three therapy groups (P = 0.66). In our study involved 25-55 (mean 42.2±1.61) aged 35 women. Among them had reproductive aged 31.43% (n= 11) premenopausal women 42.86 % (n= 15) postmenopausal women 25.71% (n= 9). Their mean body mass index had 28.8±1.15 kg/m², and normal weight 34.29% (n=12), overweight 34.29% (n=12), obese 17.14% (n=6), extremely obese 14.29 % (n=5). [Figure3] Types of obesity had normal 37.14% (n=13), android 25.71% (n=9), gynecoid 37.14% (n=13). Mean parity had 1.8±0.19 to nulliparous 14.29% (n=5), primiparous 60% (n=21), multiparous 25.71% (n=9). Smoke 17.14% (n=6). Non combined disease had 65.7% (n=23), diabetes mellitus 17.14% (n=6), PCOS 14.29% (n=5), cardiovascular disease had 2.86% (n=1). [Table1] Mean endometrial thickness of TVUS had ( 16.0±0.91mm). Smoke (p=0.0391), types of obesity (p=0.0436) and myoma of the uterus (p=0.0187) seen affected the endometrial thickness. LNG-IUD group had after treatment’s menstrual period 11.11% heavy 80ml (n=1), 88.89% light 5ml (n=8). DGS (5-25 day) group had after treatment’s menstrual period 9.09% heavy =80ml (n=1), 90.91% light5ml (n=10), DGS (16-25 day) group after treatment menstrual period 40% heavy 80ml (n=6), 46.67% normal 5-80ml (n=7), 13.33% light 5ml (n=2) байв. Therefore between the three treatment groups had no differences. But treatment’s before and after result had statistics probability differences (P= 0.4064). [Figure4] Conclusions Finally, given the long natural history of menorrhagia, study outcomes need to be assessed over a period that is longer than 2 years. In conclusion, our study showed that both the LNG-IUD, oral progestin treatment reduced the adverse effect of menorrhagia on women’s lives over the course of two years. LNG-IUD was the more effective first choice, as assessed impact of bleeding on the women’s quality of life.

Introduction: PCOS prevalence is 5-10 percent among reproductive age women in worldwide. It is caused by imbalance of sex hormones which ultimately leads to menstrual irregularities, infertility, anovulation and other metabolic disturbances. Most women with chronic anovulation is caused by polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] The Rotterdam criteria is useful diagnostic tool for PCOS. In Mongolia there is almost no study on PCOS related infertility and there are increasing trend infertility among reproductive aged women with PCOS, lead us to conduct the study. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate incidence of PCOS and to study clinical and biochemical characteristics of PCOS among infertility women. Material and Methods: We used the cross-sectional and case control study designs. Total 1334 infertility women enrolled in this study. The study was conducted after approval from the Ethical and research review board of the hospital, and written informed consent was taken from all the women. Among 114 women with PCOS were found by Rotterdam’s criteria at the Infertility and reproductive department, National Center for Maternal and Child Health, between December, 2018 - 2019. Total of 43 females with PCOS were screened among 1334 infertile women. All parameters were assessed either with ELISA in 43 infertile PCOS women and 17 age matched apparently healthy controls diagnosed according to Rotterdam consensus. IDF diagnostic criteria for MS was used. The PCOS patients divided into following groups: (1) with MS ( n=42) and (2) without MS (n=72). Results: The main age, body mass index (BMI), and duration of infertility were 28.7±4.1 years, 27.3±5.2 kg/ m² and 4.4±3.1y, respectively. Among patients 57.9% of them have oligomenorrhea, 22.8% with amenorrhea, primary infertility 57.0% and 51.9% with hirsutism and acne 50.8%. As a result of hormone assays were LH 9.3±3.5mIU/ml, LH/FSH 1.6 ±0.83 [0.1-3.6], AMH 6.1ng/ml ±3.6 /2.9-21.0/. The prevalence of MS was 36.8%. The variables including age (30.9±4.9), body mass (75.9±11.6kg) and also some metabolic parameters which is hypertension (133.6/88.4±13.6 mm Hg), WC (94.1±8.6 cm) and high triglyceride (1.8±1.0 mmol/l) were observed in MS group compared to without MS group. Conclusion Among 1334 women with infertility, the incidence of PCOS 8.7% (116), close to the prevalence in other countries. Considering the diagnose was confirmed of three criteria by the Rotterdam criteria. We found out that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 35.3% among infertility women with PCOS. Age, BMI, WC, amenorrhea, acne and acanthosis nigricans, were highly related to metabolic syndrome.

Introduction: Among women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), obesity is one of the diagnosis criteria and it is evaluated by waist circumference. We aimed to determine the measurement of waist circumference in women with PCOS. Obesity and PCOS tend to increase throughout the world. In 1994, leptin was discovered to be directly related to body mass index in obesity. Ovarian cystic syndrome has been shown to be associated with leptin levels and also that indicating the need for prevention of obesity in women. Objective: Clinical and medical determination for the waist circumference of women with PCOS and comporation study to leptin and comparative study to leptin levels. Мaterial and Methods: This research included a total of 86 women aged 18-35 in Ulaanbaatar city. We took a permission to start the research at the meeting of the Research Ethics Council of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences on March 22, 2019. Statistical analysis of this study results was performed using SPSS 19.0, text recording using Microsoft Office 2018 software, T-test to exclude group differences, ANOVA test for differences between more than two groups, and p<0.05 statistical probability difference. Results: The research of the 56 women tested for leptin in the serum of women with PCOS, 28 (32.5%) had a normal BMI with PCOS and 28 (32.5%) had an excess of BMI with PCOS, respectively. The mean levels of leptin was 13.86±11.40 kg/ml for people with normal BMI, PCOS and 33.78±17.63 kg/ml for people with excess BMI, PCOS. Leptin is higher in women with BMI, PCOS and this result is statistically significant (P-value 0.000). Conclusion Leptin levels are higher during PCOS, and leptin levels increase as the number of risk factors increases. Leptin secretion is affected by BMI and waist circumference.