YABBY proteins are important transcription factors that regulate morphogenesis and organ development in plants. In order to study the YABBY of strawberry, bioinformatic technique were used to identify the YABBY gene families in Fragaria vesca (diploid) and Fragaria×ananassa (octoploid), and then analyze the sequence characters, phylogeny and collinearity of the family members. The RNA-seq data and the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique were used to assay the expression patterns of the family members. A green fluorescent protein (GFP) was fused with FvYABBYs and transiently expressed in tobacco leaf cells for the subcellular localization. As the results, six FvYABBY genes and 26 FxaYABBY genes were identified from F. vesca and F.×ananassa, respectively. The FvYABBY genes were grouped into five clades, and five family members were orthologous with AtYABBY genes of Arabidopsis. In F. vesca, all of the FvYABBYs were basically not expressed not expressed in root and receptacle, while FvYABBY1, FvYABBY2, FvYABBY5 and FvYABBY6 were highly expressed in leaf, shoot, flower and achene. In F.×ananassa, FxaYABBY1, FxaYABBY2, FxaYABBY5 and FxaYABBY6 were expressed in achene, and all FxaYABBY were poorly or not expressed in receptacle. Additionally, under the abiotic stresses of low temperature, high salt and drought, the expression of FvYABBY1, FvYABBY3, FvYABBY4 and FvYABBY6 were down-regulated, FvYABBY5 was up-regulated, and FvYABBY2 was up-regulated and then down-regulated. In tobacco leaf cells, the subcellular localization of FvYABBY proteins were in the nucleus. These results provides a foundation for the functional researches of YABBY gene in strawberry.
Fragaria/genetics* ; Arabidopsis ; Biological Assay ; Cold Temperature ; Computational Biology

SUN gene is a group of key genes regulating plant growth and development. Here, SUN gene families of strawberry were identified from the genome of the diploid Fragaria vesca, and their physicochemical properties, genes structure, evolution and genes expression were also analyzed. Our results showed that there were thirty-one FvSUN genes in F. vesca and the FvSUNs encoded proteins were classified into seven groups, and the members in the same group showed high similarity in gene structures and conservative motifs. The electronic subcellular localization of FvSUNs was mainly in the nucleus. Collinearity analysis showed that the members of FvSUN gene family were mainly expanded by segmental duplication in F. vesca, and Arabidopsis and F. vesca shared twenty-three pairs of orthologous SUN genes. According to the expression pattern in different tissues shown by the transcriptome data of F. vesca, the FvSUNs gene can be divided into three types: (1) expressed in nearly all tissues, (2) hardly expressed in any tissues, and (3) expressed in special tissues. The gene expression pattern of FvSUNs was further verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Additionally, the seedlings of F. vesca were treated by different abiotic stresses, and the expression level of 31 FvSUNs genes were assayed by qRT-PCR. The expression of most of the tested genes was induced by cold, high salt or drought stress. Our studies may facilitate revealing the biological function and molecular mechanism of SUN genes in strawberry.
Fragaria/metabolism* ; Genes, Plant ; Stress, Physiological/genetics* ; Arabidopsis/genetics* ; Plant Development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Proteins/metabolism*

GLKs (GOLDEN 2-LIKEs) are a group of plant-specific transcription factors regulating the chloroplast biogenesis, differentiation and function maintains by triggering the expression of the photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs). The GLKs also play important roles in nutrient's accumulation in fruits, leaf senescence, immunity and abiotic stress response. The expression of GLK genes were affected by multiple hormones or environmental factors. Therefore, GLKs were considered as the key nodes of regulatory network in plant cells, and potential candidates to improve the photosynthetic capacity of crops. Since numerous researches of GLKs have been reported in plants, the biological function, molecular mechanism of GLKs genes and its applications in breeding were summarized and a GLK-mediated signaling network model was developed. This review may facilitate future research and application of GLKs.
Chloroplasts/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Photosynthesis/genetics* ; Plant Breeding ; Transcription Factors/metabolism*

Objective To optimize the preparation technology ofCangai volatile oil dextrin inclusion compound/ in situ nasal thermosensitive gel by the central composite design-response surface method.Methods In the design, the investigation factors were the amounts of poloxamer 407 and poloxamer 188, and the evaluation index was the gel temperature. Quadratic models were used to evaluate the mathematic relation between the evaluation index and two investigation indexes to identify the optimum prescription, and then the optimum prescription was verified. Results According to the quadratic models, it was found that there was reliable quantitative relation between the evaluation index and two investigation indexes, among which the optimum dosage was 19.37% for poloxamer 407 and 2.73% for poloxamer 188.Conclusion The optimum model ofCangai volatile oil dextrin inclusion compound/ nasal thermosensitive gel can be obtained from central composite design-response surface method based on quadratic models. This method is reliable and feasible, which can realize the prescription optimization of the in situ gel.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience with emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (ECABG) for management of acute coronary syndrome and analyze the mid-term follow-up results.

METHODSForty-five ECABG surgeries were performed in 34 male and 11 female patients (aged 65.6∓5.8 years) for cardiogenic shock (5 cases), acute heart failure (6 cases) and refractory unstable angina (34 cases). Twenty patients received the operation within one week after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 18 were preoperatively supported by intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP). All patients had triple-vessel disease and 15 had left main stenosis. Ten patients experienced two myocardial infarctions and 6 had chronic renal dysfunction including two requiring hemodialysis. On-pump operations were performed in all cases with a mean CPB time of 104.2∓29.7 min and cross clamping time of 69.0∓21.3 min. Cold blood or HTK cardioplegia was used for myocardial protection. The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) was routinely anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery (LAD), and the great saphenous vein (GSV) to other target vessels. The mean number of grafts was 2.9∓0.6.

RESULTSForty-one patients were cured and discharged and 4 patients died with an in-hospital mortality of 8.9%, including one associated with cardiac event (2.2%). IABP was weaned off within 28.5∓10.6 h after surgery except for one patient who died of multiple organ and system failure (MOSF). Thirty-eight patients (92.7%) were followed up for a mean of 37.3∓16.7 months, during which 2 patients died with a mid-term survival rate of 94.7%. Thirty-five (92.1%) patients had New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I and II. The freedom from cardiac event was 90.5%. Follow-up echocardiography showed significantly improved left ventricular dimension and ejection fraction in these cases (P<0.05), and graft patency was 95.8% for the LIMA and 90.5% for the GSV.

CONCLUSIONDespite a slight increase of the in-hospital mortality, ECABG can improve the mid-term survival, freedom from cardiac event, and cardiac function when the indications and timing for surgery are well controlled with optimal perioperative management.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; surgery ; Aged ; Angina, Unstable ; Aortic Valve ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping ; Male ; Mammary Arteries ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To summarize the experience with emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (ECABG) for management of acute coronary syndrome and analyze the mid-term follow-up results. Methods Forty-five ECABG surgeries were performed in 34 male and 11 female patients (aged 65.6±5.8 years) for cardiogenic shock (5 cases), acute heart failure (6 cases) and refractory unstable angina (34 cases). Twenty patients received the operation within one week after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 18 were preoperatively supported by intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP). All patients had triple-vessel disease and 15 had left main stenosis. Ten patients experienced two myocardial infarctions and 6 had chronic renal dysfunction including two requiring hemodialysis. On-pump operations were performed in all cases with a mean CPB time of 104.2 ± 29.7 min and cross clamping time of 69.0 ± 21.3 min. Cold blood or HTK cardioplegia was used for myocardial protection. The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) was routinely anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery (LAD), and the great saphenous vein (GSV) to other target vessels. The mean number of grafts was 2.9±0.6. Results Forty-one patients were cured and discharged and 4 patients died with an in-hospital mortality of 8.9%, including one associated with cardiac event (2.2%). IABP was weaned off within 28.5 ± 10.6 h after surgery except for one patient who died of multiple organ and system failure (MOSF). Thirty-eight patients (92.7%) were followed up for a mean of 37.3 ± 16.7 months, during which 2 patients died with a mid-term survival rate of 94.7%. Thirty-five (92.1%) patients had New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I and II. The freedom from cardiac event was 90.5%. Follow-up echocardiography showed significantly improved left ventricular dimension and ejection fraction in these cases (P<0.05), and graft patency was 95.8%for the LIMA and 90.5%for the GSV. Conclusion Despite a slight increase of the in-hospital mortality, ECABG can improve the mid-term survival, freedom from cardiac event, and cardiac function when the indications and timing for surgery are well controlled with optimal perioperative management.

Objective To summarize the experience with emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (ECABG) for management of acute coronary syndrome and analyze the mid-term follow-up results. Methods Forty-five ECABG surgeries were performed in 34 male and 11 female patients (aged 65.6±5.8 years) for cardiogenic shock (5 cases), acute heart failure (6 cases) and refractory unstable angina (34 cases). Twenty patients received the operation within one week after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 18 were preoperatively supported by intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP). All patients had triple-vessel disease and 15 had left main stenosis. Ten patients experienced two myocardial infarctions and 6 had chronic renal dysfunction including two requiring hemodialysis. On-pump operations were performed in all cases with a mean CPB time of 104.2 ± 29.7 min and cross clamping time of 69.0 ± 21.3 min. Cold blood or HTK cardioplegia was used for myocardial protection. The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) was routinely anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery (LAD), and the great saphenous vein (GSV) to other target vessels. The mean number of grafts was 2.9±0.6. Results Forty-one patients were cured and discharged and 4 patients died with an in-hospital mortality of 8.9%, including one associated with cardiac event (2.2%). IABP was weaned off within 28.5 ± 10.6 h after surgery except for one patient who died of multiple organ and system failure (MOSF). Thirty-eight patients (92.7%) were followed up for a mean of 37.3 ± 16.7 months, during which 2 patients died with a mid-term survival rate of 94.7%. Thirty-five (92.1%) patients had New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I and II. The freedom from cardiac event was 90.5%. Follow-up echocardiography showed significantly improved left ventricular dimension and ejection fraction in these cases (P<0.05), and graft patency was 95.8%for the LIMA and 90.5%for the GSV. Conclusion Despite a slight increase of the in-hospital mortality, ECABG can improve the mid-term survival, freedom from cardiac event, and cardiac function when the indications and timing for surgery are well controlled with optimal perioperative management.

OBJECTIVETo compare the perioperative release levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) between off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) or conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CCABG) in an attempt to detect myocardial injury.

METHODSFifty-nine patients with instable angina underwent coronary artery bypass grafting by OPCAB in 34 patients aged (59.15 +/- 1.71) years or CCABG in 25 patients, aged (54.46 +/- 1.81) years.

RESULTSBaseline characteristics were similar. The number of grafts was similar (OPCAB, mean 2.90; CCABG, mean 3.2), and no patient died. Postoperative myocardial serum enzyme measures were significantly lower in OPCAB, suggesting less myocardial injury. OPCAB patients did not receive blood transfusion, and had higher hematocrit at discharge. Most of OPCAB patients were extubated in 4 hours.

CONCLUSIONSCompared with CCABG, OPCAB may achieve similar outcomes; it reduces transfusion volume and creates less myocardial injury.

Cardiomyopathies ; blood ; etiology ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; adverse effects ; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Troponin T ; blood

Objective To analyze the hemodynamic changes during coronary artery bypass grafting with or without cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods Thirty patients undergone coronary artery bypass grafting from January to June,2006 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,12 patients were operated on with cardiopulmonary bypass(CCABG)and 18 without cardiopulmonary bypass(OPCAB).The stabilizator(type Octops III)was used to fix target vessels in OPCAB group.In CCBAG group,the extracorporeal circulation was used routinely,and internal mammary artery and saphenous vein were used to anastomose with target branches of coronary artery.The hemodynamic changes at different time points during and after operation were monitored,and the relevant parameters were also recorded.Results The anaesthesia time,intraoperative blood loss and fluid input,and ventilating time after operation in CCABG group were significantly higher than those in OPCAB group,and the postoperative haematocrit(HCT)was significantly lower in CCABG group than that in OPCAB group(P

Objective To sum up the experiences in radical surgery for tetralogy of Fallot(TOF) in infancy.Methods One hundred and twenty-two infants(82 males and 46 females,6 months to 2 years old) suffered from TOF were treated with radical surgery from January 1996 to December 2007.Median sternotomy was routinely performed in all patients,and a longitudinal incision of right ventricular outflow tract was made to widen the conduit adequately,the ventricular septal defect was closed with polyfluortetraethylene patch,and the outflow conduit was reconstructed by autologous pericardial patch.Modified ultrafiltration technique was adopted routinely before cardiopulmonary bypass termination.Results Seven of the 128 infants died after operation with the early mortality of 5.5%.The death causes were: severe low cardiac output syndrome(n=2),severe pulmonary complications(n=4) and multiple organ failure(n=1).The major post-operative complications included 12 cases of low cardiac output syndrome,5 cases of atelectasis and 6 cases of perfusion lung.Conclusions The preferable operative age of radical surgery for TOF is about 1 year old,and the clinical outcome could be satisfactory.Low cardiac output syndrome and severe respiratory complications are the major problems after radical surgery for TOF in infants.