In order to facilitate the collection for anaerobic bacteria in the clinical work,one kind of sampling tube that can automatically generate carbon dioxide(CO2)was developed.According to the chemical reaction principle of acid and base,the calcium carbonate(CaCO3)and dilute hydrochloric acid(HCl)were used as reactant to produce CO2.The color stripe of CO2 concentration,which was synthesized by Nile blue A and phenolphthalein of indicators,was used to collect clinical anaerobic bacteria.The sampling tube adopted quantitative deposition of chemical reagent in each room,and autonomous control for reaction process,which can arbitrarily set CO2 concentration according to the demand of sampling,and can conduct collection in meeting the demands of multiple anaerobic bacteria for different concentrations of CO2.The sampling tube can realize anaerobic state of entire process from sampling to experiment room for anaerobic bacteria,which is benefit to increase accuracy of culturing bacteria.Its design is compact and flexible,which can be directly stored in the ward to provide use for medical staffs at any time.It has a series of advantages include reasonable design,simple operation,flexible use,high safety and non-risk of cross infection.It is suitable to be promoted in the department of laboratory of hospital at all grades.

In order to facilitate the collection for anaerobic bacteria in the clinical work,one kind of sampling tube that can automatically generate carbon dioxide(CO2)was developed.According to the chemical reaction principle of acid and base,the calcium carbonate(CaCO3)and dilute hydrochloric acid(HCl)were used as reactant to produce CO2.The color stripe of CO2 concentration,which was synthesized by Nile blue A and phenolphthalein of indicators,was used to collect clinical anaerobic bacteria.The sampling tube adopted quantitative deposition of chemical reagent in each room,and autonomous control for reaction process,which can arbitrarily set CO2 concentration according to the demand of sampling,and can conduct collection in meeting the demands of multiple anaerobic bacteria for different concentrations of CO2.The sampling tube can realize anaerobic state of entire process from sampling to experiment room for anaerobic bacteria,which is benefit to increase accuracy of culturing bacteria.Its design is compact and flexible,which can be directly stored in the ward to provide use for medical staffs at any time.It has a series of advantages include reasonable design,simple operation,flexible use,high safety and non-risk of cross infection.It is suitable to be promoted in the department of laboratory of hospital at all grades.

Objective:To explore the applied value of super-selective cervical lymph node dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with clinically suspicious lateral lymph node metastasis (LNM).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 232 cN1b PTC patients who underwent surgery from September 2013 to May 2018 in the Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center. Among them, 90 cases received super-selective neck dissection (level Ⅲ and IV) and 142 cases underwent selective neck dissection (level Ⅱ-Ⅳ). The LNM of two groups were analyzed.Results:Postoperative pathological results showed that 173 cases had LNM in the central compartment. The LNM cases of level Ⅱ-Ⅳ were 47, 147 and 130, respectively. Eight patients of super-selective neck dissection and 6 of selective neck dissection had postoperative lymphatic fistulas ( P=0.146). No patients in super-selective neck dissection group while 9 patients in the selective lymph node dissection group had postoperatively permanent impairment of shoulder mobility, the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.015). In the super-selective neck dissection group, 2 patients had long-term postoperative incision discomfort, and 5 cases had obvious cicatrix after surgery. In the patients with selective neck dissection, 27 cases experienced long-term incision discomfort after surgery, and 26 patients had apparent scar tissue, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.005). There was no recurrence during the follow-up. Conclusions:Super-selective neck dissection is a feasible, safe and effective treatment for cN1b PTC patients. It can improve the quality of postoperative life and avoid the over treatment for patients.

Objective:To explore the applied value of super-selective cervical lymph node dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with clinically suspicious lateral lymph node metastasis (LNM).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 232 cN1b PTC patients who underwent surgery from September 2013 to May 2018 in the Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center. Among them, 90 cases received super-selective neck dissection (level Ⅲ and IV) and 142 cases underwent selective neck dissection (level Ⅱ-Ⅳ). The LNM of two groups were analyzed.Results:Postoperative pathological results showed that 173 cases had LNM in the central compartment. The LNM cases of level Ⅱ-Ⅳ were 47, 147 and 130, respectively. Eight patients of super-selective neck dissection and 6 of selective neck dissection had postoperative lymphatic fistulas ( P=0.146). No patients in super-selective neck dissection group while 9 patients in the selective lymph node dissection group had postoperatively permanent impairment of shoulder mobility, the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.015). In the super-selective neck dissection group, 2 patients had long-term postoperative incision discomfort, and 5 cases had obvious cicatrix after surgery. In the patients with selective neck dissection, 27 cases experienced long-term incision discomfort after surgery, and 26 patients had apparent scar tissue, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.005). There was no recurrence during the follow-up. Conclusions:Super-selective neck dissection is a feasible, safe and effective treatment for cN1b PTC patients. It can improve the quality of postoperative life and avoid the over treatment for patients.

Objective: To observe the effect of atorvastatin combined with insulin glargine on renal function in patients with early diabetic nephropathy. Methods: From January 2016 to March 2019, 100 patients with early diabetic nephropathy admitted to Hanzhong 3201 Hospital Affiliated with Xi′an Jiaotong University Medical School were selected as subjects. According to the random number table, patients were divided into control group and observation group, with 50 cases in each group. All patients underwent diet control, blood pressure control and symptomatic treatment. Patients in the control group were treated with insulin glargine to control blood glucose. Patients in observation group were given atorvastatin on this basis. After 16 weeks of treatment, the therapeutic effects of the two groups were observed, as well as the change in urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), serum creatinine (Scr), C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). Adverse reactions were observed during treatment in both groups. Results: After treatment, the levels of UAER, Scr, CRP, TC and TG of the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the above indexes of the observation group were lower than those of the control group. The difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). During the treatment period, the incidence of adverse reactions in control group and observation group was 4.00%(2/50) and 12.00%(6/50), and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions Atorvastatin combined with insulin glargine in the treatment of early diabetic nephropathy can effectively reduce the levels of UAER, Scr, CRP, TC and TG, and has good safety.

Objective:To evaluate and compare the quality of life (QOL) in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after laryngeal preservation surgery and total laryngectomy.Methods:We selected parts of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 and the Head and Neck Module (EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-H&N35) and designed the QOL questionnaire. We investigated 42 patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma underwent laryngeal preservation surgery and 38 patients underwent total laryngectomy by QOL questionnaire and followed up their survival.Results:The somatic function dimension, psychological function dimension, and social function dimension of patients underwent laryngeal preservation surgery were (92.46±15.71), (80.56±22.67) and (90.08±19.50), respectively, which were higher than (79.39±32.75), (68.42±25.05) and (61.84±29.55) of the total laryngectomy group ( P<0.05), while the economic dimension was not significantly different between the two groups ( P>0.05). The social function dimension (including social support and socialization, family relationship) of laryngeal preservation surgery group were (89.04±25.47) for postoperative time < 70 months and (90.94±13.28) for postoperative time ≥70 months, which were higher than (65.48±29.14) and (57.35±30.32) of the total laryngectomy group ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The somatic function dimension, psychological function and social function of patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma underwent laryngeal preservation surgery obtain a better QOL than patients underwent total laryngectomy. Therefore, we should improve the laryngeal function and QOL of patients under the premise of ensuring the survival rate.

Objective:To evaluate and compare the quality of life (QOL) in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after laryngeal preservation surgery and total laryngectomy.Methods:We selected parts of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 and the Head and Neck Module (EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-H&N35) and designed the QOL questionnaire. We investigated 42 patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma underwent laryngeal preservation surgery and 38 patients underwent total laryngectomy by QOL questionnaire and followed up their survival.Results:The somatic function dimension, psychological function dimension, and social function dimension of patients underwent laryngeal preservation surgery were (92.46±15.71), (80.56±22.67) and (90.08±19.50), respectively, which were higher than (79.39±32.75), (68.42±25.05) and (61.84±29.55) of the total laryngectomy group ( P<0.05), while the economic dimension was not significantly different between the two groups ( P>0.05). The social function dimension (including social support and socialization, family relationship) of laryngeal preservation surgery group were (89.04±25.47) for postoperative time < 70 months and (90.94±13.28) for postoperative time ≥70 months, which were higher than (65.48±29.14) and (57.35±30.32) of the total laryngectomy group ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The somatic function dimension, psychological function and social function of patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma underwent laryngeal preservation surgery obtain a better QOL than patients underwent total laryngectomy. Therefore, we should improve the laryngeal function and QOL of patients under the premise of ensuring the survival rate.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of telmisartan on the expression of metadherin in the kidney of mice with unilateral ureter obstruction. METHODS: Eighteen male C57 mice were randomized into sham-operated group, model group and telmisartan treatment group. In the latter two groups, renal interstitial fibrosis as the result of unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) was induced by unilateral ureteral ligation with or without telmisartan intervention. Renal pathological changes of the mice were assessed using Masson staining, and immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of extracellular matrix proteins and metadherin in the kidney of the mice. In the experiment, cultured mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (mTECs) were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and transfected with a siRNA targeting metadherin, and the changes in the expressions of extracellular matrix proteins and metadherin were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS: The expressions of extracellular matrix proteins and metadherin increased significantly in the kidney of mice with UUO ( < 0.05). Intervention with telmisartan significantly lowered the expressions of extracellular matrix proteins and metadherin and alleviated the pathology of renal fibrosis in mice with UUO ( < 0.05). In cultured mTECs, siRNA-mediated knockdown of metadherin obviously reversed TGF-β1-induced increase in the expressions of extracellular matrix proteins and metadherin. CONCLUSIONS Telmisartan can suppress the production of extracellular matrix proteins and the expression of metadhein to attenuate UUO-induced renal fibrosis in mice.
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers ; Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; metabolism ; Fibrosis ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Random Allocation ; Telmisartan ; pharmacology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; pharmacology ; Ureteral Obstruction ; complications ; metabolism

Objective: To predict the tumor neoantigen peptides in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and examine their specific immune effects against the tumor cells without injury to normal cells. Methods: The data of whole-genome sequencing and exome sequencing of HCC tumor and matched non-tumor liver tissues were analyzed to confirm the HCC-associated somatic mutations. Based on the HLA phenotype of the patients, we used NetMHC software to predict the neoantigen epitopes with high binding affinity to their MHC-I molecules. The predicted peptides with mutation sites included were synthesized. GPL10687 platform was applied to examine the gene expression difference between tumor and normal tissues of the selected genes in GSE25097, one of the GEO databases. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm the expressions in tumors and normal tissues of the selected genes. By using the predicted peptides, we induced the generation of antigen-specific CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and examined their specific effects against tumor cells. Results: The mutation frequency of TP53 (tumor protein p53) was 40%, and LAMA3 (Laminin Subunit Alpha 3) was 8% in the analyzed HCC tissues. In GSE25097 database, TP53 and LAMA3 mRNA levels in tumors were 1.57±0.02 and 1.37±0.10, which were significantly increased than those in matched no-tumor tissue (0.54±0.01 and 0.36±0.01, P<0.05). The differences of expression levels of TP53 and LAMA3 in tumor and no-tumor tissues were validated by using qRT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in 10 HCC tissues. The mRNA levels of TP53 and LAMA3 in tumors were 0.24±0.03 and 0.13±0.06, which were significantly elevated than those in matched no-tumor tissue (0.11±0.01 and 0.01±0.01, P<0.05). Among the Chinese population, HLA-A2 and HLA-A11 and HLA-A24 accounted for 70%, representing the major MHC-I molecules. The CTLs induced by predicted peptides showed cytotoxicity to the targets pulsed with mutated peptide, with no effect on the target pulsed with normal peptide and on normal cells. Conclusions TP53 and LAMA3 existed relative higher mutation frequency in HCC, and expressed higher in tumor tissues. The induced CTLs by predicted peptides derived from mutation-associated protein could specific kill the target cells without injury to normal cells.

Objective To predict the tumor neoantigen peptides in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and examine their specific immune effects against the tumor cells without injury to normal cells. Methods The data of whole?genome sequencing and exome sequencing of HCC tumor and matched non?tumor liver tissues were analyzed to confirm the HCC?associated somatic mutations. Based on the HLA phenotype of the patients, we used NetMHC software to predict the neoantigen epitopes with high binding affinity to their MHC?I molecules. The predicted peptides with mutation sites included were synthesized. GPL10687 platform was applied to examine the gene expression difference between tumor and normal tissues of the selected genes in GSE25097, one of the GEO databases.The quantitative real?time PCR (qRT?qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm the expressions in tumors and normal tissues of the selected genes. By using the predicted peptides, we induced the generation of antigen?specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes ( CTLs ) and examined their specific effects against tumor cells. Results The mutation frequency of TP53 (tumor protein p53) was 40%, and LAMA3 (Laminin Subunit Alpha 3) was 8% in the analyzed HCC tissues. In GSE25097 database, TP53 and LAMA3 mRNA levels in tumors were 1.57±0.02 and 1.37±0.10, which were significantly increased than those in matched no?tumor tissue (0.54±0.01 and 0.36±0.01, P＜0.05). The differences of expression levels of TP53 and LAMA3 in tumor and no?tumor tissues were validated by using qRT?qPCR and immunohistochemistry in 10 HCC tissues. The mRNA levels of TP53 and LAMA3 in tumors were 0.24±0.03 and 0.13±0.06, which were significantly elevated than those in matched no?tumor tissue (0.11±0.01 and 0.01±0.01, P＜0.05). Among the Chinese population, HLA?A2 and HLA?A11 and HLA?A24 accounted for 70%, representing the major MHC?I molecules. The CTLs induced by predicted peptides showed cytotoxicity to the targets pulsed with mutated peptide, with no effect on the target pulsed with normal peptide and on normal cells. Conclusions TP53 and LAMA3 existed relative higher mutation frequency in HCC, and expressed higher in tumor tissues. The induced CTLs by predicted peptides derived from mutation?associated protein could specific kill the target cells without injury to normal cells.