Aim To compare the differences in the in vitro anti-precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PL-GC)activities of different polar extracts from Bombyx batryticatus.Methods Bombyx batryticatus was ex-tracted by ethanol reflux,and the extract was further partitioned using different polarity organic solvents to obtain four fractions:petroleum ether(SYM),ethyl acetate(YSYZ),n-butanol(ZDC),and aqueous phase(SX).The PLGC cell model was established by inducing malignant transformation in GES-1 cells using N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG).The optimal concentration of four extracts were determined by CCK-8 assay.The proliferation,migration and in-vasion of cells in each group were detected by plate cloning,scratch healing and Transwell assay,respec-tively.The expression levels of E-cadherin,Vimentin and key proteins of the PI3 K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in cells of each group were detected by West-ern blot.Meanwhile,chemical components of the four extracts were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS.Re-sults Compared with the normal group,the prolifera-tion,migration and invasion abilities of cells in the PL-GC group were significantly enhanced,the expression levels of E-cadherin proteins of PLGC cells were down-regulated,and the expression levels of Vimentin,p-PI3K,p-AKT and p-mTOR proteins of PLGC cells were up-regulated.Compared with the PLGC group,the four extracts attenuated the proliferation,migration and invasion abilities of PLGC cells,down-regulated the protein expression levels of Vimentin,p-PI3K,p-AKT and p-mTOR,and upregulated E-cadherin ex-pression in cells of the SYM,YSYZ,and ZDC groups.There was no statistical significance in the SX group.In addition,there were significant differences in the chemical components of the four different polar extracts of Bombyx batryticatus.The differential compounds were cysteine,histidine,etc.Conclusions The four different polar extracts of Bombyx batryticatus all can exert in vitro anti-PLGC effects by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit the EMT process.Among them,the extract of n-butanol had the strongest activity,followed by the extracts of ethyl ace-tate and petroleum ether.The aqueous phase had the weakest activity,and the difference in activity may be related to the different compounds such as Cysteine and Histidine.

Paclitaxel(PTX)is a first-line chemotherapy drug for breast cancer,but its resistance issues significantly impact clinical treatment efficacy.Fucosylation,especially core fucosylation,is closely related to tumor chemoresistance,resulting in poor chemotherapy responses and poor prognosis in patients.In this study,we investigated the effect and mechanism of the fucosylation inhibitor 2-fluorofucose(2-F-Fuc)on the chemosensitivity of paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer MCF-7/PTX cells.The drug resistanceindex(RI)of MCF-7/PTX cells was 8.49 by MTT assays.Western blotting,real-time PCR,enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay(ELISA)and Lens Culinaris Agglutinin(LCA)lectin imprinting showed that compared with MCF-7 cells,the expression of FUT8,MDR1and core fucosylation in MCF-7/PTX cells was high.Western blotting showed that 2-F-Fuc had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of MCF-7/PTX cells,and the expression levels of FUT8 and MDR1 were significantly down-regulated after 2-F-Fuc treatment,and the down-regulation was more pronounced in the PTX and 2-F-Fuc combination group(P＜0.05).Compared to the control,expression of PCNA in MCF-7/PTX cells in the PTX and the 2-F-Fuc group were down-regulated,and the apoptosis-related proteins,such as cleaved caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 were in-creased.The level of p-PI3K and p-AKT were down-regulated,and the changes in the combination of 2-F-Fuc and PTX were more robust(P＜0.05).The above results showed that the core fucosylation level of MCF-7/PTX cells was significantly increased,and 2-F-Fuc could reduce the core fucosylation level of MCF-7/PTX cells by inhibiting the expression of FUT8,and enhance the sensitivity of drug-resistant cells to PTX,which may correlate with the downregulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway proteins.

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(PI3K/Akt/mTOR)signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of renal fibrosis by participating in inflammatory response,oxidative stress and autophagy.Paeoniflorin exhibits remarkable efficacy in treating myocardial and liver fibrosis.This article provides a comprehensive review on the research progress of paeoniflora in preventing and treating renal fibrosis through modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,offering novel insights for traditional Chinese medicine-based approaches to prevent and treat renal fibrosis.

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(PI3K/Akt/mTOR)signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of renal fibrosis by participating in inflammatory response,oxidative stress and autophagy.Paeoniflorin exhibits remarkable efficacy in treating myocardial and liver fibrosis.This article provides a comprehensive review on the research progress of paeoniflora in preventing and treating renal fibrosis through modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,offering novel insights for traditional Chinese medicine-based approaches to prevent and treat renal fibrosis.

Aim To compare the differences in the in vitro anti-precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PL-GC)activities of different polar extracts from Bombyx batryticatus.Methods Bombyx batryticatus was ex-tracted by ethanol reflux,and the extract was further partitioned using different polarity organic solvents to obtain four fractions:petroleum ether(SYM),ethyl acetate(YSYZ),n-butanol(ZDC),and aqueous phase(SX).The PLGC cell model was established by inducing malignant transformation in GES-1 cells using N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG).The optimal concentration of four extracts were determined by CCK-8 assay.The proliferation,migration and in-vasion of cells in each group were detected by plate cloning,scratch healing and Transwell assay,respec-tively.The expression levels of E-cadherin,Vimentin and key proteins of the PI3 K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in cells of each group were detected by West-ern blot.Meanwhile,chemical components of the four extracts were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS.Re-sults Compared with the normal group,the prolifera-tion,migration and invasion abilities of cells in the PL-GC group were significantly enhanced,the expression levels of E-cadherin proteins of PLGC cells were down-regulated,and the expression levels of Vimentin,p-PI3K,p-AKT and p-mTOR proteins of PLGC cells were up-regulated.Compared with the PLGC group,the four extracts attenuated the proliferation,migration and invasion abilities of PLGC cells,down-regulated the protein expression levels of Vimentin,p-PI3K,p-AKT and p-mTOR,and upregulated E-cadherin ex-pression in cells of the SYM,YSYZ,and ZDC groups.There was no statistical significance in the SX group.In addition,there were significant differences in the chemical components of the four different polar extracts of Bombyx batryticatus.The differential compounds were cysteine,histidine,etc.Conclusions The four different polar extracts of Bombyx batryticatus all can exert in vitro anti-PLGC effects by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit the EMT process.Among them,the extract of n-butanol had the strongest activity,followed by the extracts of ethyl ace-tate and petroleum ether.The aqueous phase had the weakest activity,and the difference in activity may be related to the different compounds such as Cysteine and Histidine.

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a chalcone compound isolated from licorice, known for its anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. Our previous study has demonstrated that ISL effectively lowers blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice and improves disturbances in glucolipid and energy metabolism induced by T2DM. This study aims to further investigate the effects of ISL on alleviating abnormal endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) caused by T2DM and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms. In vivo experiments were conducted using 8-week-old SPF male C57BL/6J mice. The T2DM animal model was established by high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ), in compliance with the ethical guidelines set by the Animal Welfare Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: BUCM-2022021503-1134). In vitro experiments employed human liver cancer HepG2 cells, which were induced with tunicamycin (TM) to establish the ERS cell model. Transcriptomic sequencing was used to analyze changes in gene expression in the liver samples of T2DM mice following ISL treatment. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was employed to assess the regulatory effects of ISL on key ERS genes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot (WB), and immunofluorescence techniques were used to evaluate ISL's effects on ERS-related proteins. Results indicate that ISL significantly downregulates the expression of ERS-related genes, reduces the level of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and inhibits the phosphorylation of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), thereby alleviating abnormal ERS induced by T2DM. Additionally, ISL increases the protein levels of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 and IRS2 and enhances the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt), thereby improving insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, ISL is able to alleviate T2DM associated symptoms by improving abnormal ERS and enhancing insulin sensitivity.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Paclitaxel(PTX)is a first-line chemotherapy drug for breast cancer,but its resistance issues significantly impact clinical treatment efficacy.Fucosylation,especially core fucosylation,is closely related to tumor chemoresistance,resulting in poor chemotherapy responses and poor prognosis in patients.In this study,we investigated the effect and mechanism of the fucosylation inhibitor 2-fluorofucose(2-F-Fuc)on the chemosensitivity of paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer MCF-7/PTX cells.The drug resistanceindex(RI)of MCF-7/PTX cells was 8.49 by MTT assays.Western blotting,real-time PCR,enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay(ELISA)and Lens Culinaris Agglutinin(LCA)lectin imprinting showed that compared with MCF-7 cells,the expression of FUT8,MDR1and core fucosylation in MCF-7/PTX cells was high.Western blotting showed that 2-F-Fuc had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of MCF-7/PTX cells,and the expression levels of FUT8 and MDR1 were significantly down-regulated after 2-F-Fuc treatment,and the down-regulation was more pronounced in the PTX and 2-F-Fuc combination group(P＜0.05).Compared to the control,expression of PCNA in MCF-7/PTX cells in the PTX and the 2-F-Fuc group were down-regulated,and the apoptosis-related proteins,such as cleaved caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 were in-creased.The level of p-PI3K and p-AKT were down-regulated,and the changes in the combination of 2-F-Fuc and PTX were more robust(P＜0.05).The above results showed that the core fucosylation level of MCF-7/PTX cells was significantly increased,and 2-F-Fuc could reduce the core fucosylation level of MCF-7/PTX cells by inhibiting the expression of FUT8,and enhance the sensitivity of drug-resistant cells to PTX,which may correlate with the downregulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway proteins.

Objective To investigate the value of the novel lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound(LCEUS)and conventional venous contrast-enhanced ultrasound(VCEUS)in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes in patients with thyroid cancer. Methods Patients with suspected thyroid cancer underwent conventional ultrasound,VCEUS,and LCEUS examinations of cervical lymph nodes before biopsy.The diagnostic abilities of conventional ultrasound,VCEUS,and LCEUS were compared with pathological results as the golden standard. Results Forty-four patients with 52 lymph nodes were included in the final data.Thirty-eight metastatic lymph nodes were confirmed by pathological results,and 14 were benign.The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy were 97.37%,71.43%,and 90.38% for LCEUS,92.11%,35.71%,and 76.92% for VCEUS,and 94.74%,21.43%,and 75.00% for conventional ultrasound,respectively.The area under the curve of LCEUS analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic curve was greater than that of VCEUS(P=0.020)and conventional ultrasound(P<0.001). Conclusion LCEUS could significantly improve the differential diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis in the patients with thyroid cancer,providing a basis for precise clinical treatment.
Humans ; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography ; Adult ; Lymph Nodes/pathology* ; Contrast Media ; Neck ; Aged ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Sensitivity and Specificity

This paper explores the impacts of accelerated rehabilitation protocols following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR)on bone tunnel enlargement(BTE).While accelerated rehabilitation can shorten the recovery time and improve the knee function,it may increase the risk of BTE.In the early rehabilitation phase after ACLR,excessive early weight-bearing and rapid progression of knee flexion angles should be avoided,along with the proper use of braces.Continuous passive motion is not recommended in the early phase post-ACLR to prevent potential effects on BTE.Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms of BTE and develop more effective rehabilitation strategies.This will help to select appropriate rehabilitation protocols for patients and balance functional recovery with the risk of BTE,thereby reducing the revision rate and improving postoperative outcomes.
Humans ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/rehabilitation*