Objective This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity, differentiation, and population structure of Aedes albopictus across different geographical regions in Shandong Province, and to explore the relationship between genetic diversity and geographical distribution. Methods Between July and August 2024, ten Ae. albopictus populations were sampled from seven cities in Shandong Province. Genomic DNA was extracted from individual mosquitoes, and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COⅠ)gene was amplified using PCR and sequenced. The obtained sequences were verified using BLAST and analyzed with MAFFT, MEGA 11, DnaSP v6.12, Arlequin 3.5, PopART 1.7, STRUCTURE 2.3.4 and the R packages adegenet and vegan to assess genetic diversity and population structure. Results A total of 229 COⅠ sequences(662 bp) was obtained, revealing ten variable sites with no insertions or deletions. The overall base composition showed an AT bias of 67.7%. Haplotype analysis identified 11 haplotypes, with Hap2 being the dominant and most widely distributed haplotype across all populations. Neutrality tests showed significant population expansion only in the Rizhao population. Mantel testing result revealed that geographical distance does not significantly impede gene flow. Overall, genetic differentiation among populations was low, indicating frequent gene flow. When combined with additional samples from Shanghai, Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan, Hainan and Guangxi, STRUCTURE, UPGMA and DAPC analyses revealed two primary genetic clusters of Ae. albopictus. Conclusions Ae. albopictus populations in Shandong Province exhibit frequent gene flow, low genetic differentiation, and relatively low overall genetic diversity. However, the Rizhao population showed signs of recent expansion, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance and targeted control measures in this area.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the anatomical relationship among the nerve roots, intervertebral space, pedicles, and intradural rootlets of the cervical spine for improving operative outcomes and exploring neuroventral decompression approach in posterior endoscopic cervical discectomy (PECD). Methods: Cervical computed tomography myelography imaging data from January 2021 to May 2023 were collected, and the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer Software was employed to conduct multiplane reconstruction. The following parameters were recorded: width of nerve root (WN), nerve root-superior pedicle distance (NSPD), nerve root-inferior pedicle distance (NIPD), and the relationship between the intervertebral space and the nerve root (shoulder, anterior, and axillary). Additionally, the descending angles between the spinal cord and the ventral (VRA) and dorsal (DRA) rootlets were measured. Results: The WN showed a gradual increase from C4 to C7, with measurements notably larger in men compared to women. The NSPD decreased gradually from the C2–3 to the C5–6 levels. However, the NIPD showed an opposite level-related change, notably larger than the NSPD at the C4–5, C5–6, and C7–T1 levels. Furthermore, significant differences in NIPD were observed between different age groups and genders. The incidence of the anterior type exhibited a gradual decrease from the C2–3 to the C5–6 levels. Conversely, the axillary type exhibited an opposite level-related change. Additionally, the VRA and DRA decreased as the level descended, with measurements significantly larger in females. Conclusion A prediction of the positional relationship between the intervertebral space and the nerve root is essential for the direct neuroventral decompression in PECD to avoid damaging the neural structures. The axillary route of the nerve root offers a safer and more effective pathway for performing direct neuroventral decompression compared to the shoulder approach.

Objective:To examine the long-term efficacy and complications of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for the treatment of diseases related to intestinal dysbiosis.Methods:This was a retrospective descriptive study. Relevant data were collected from the records of 15 000 patients who had undergone FMT and been followed up for more than 3 months during the period from May 2017 to September 2024. The patient cohort comprised 3746 male and 11 254 female patients aged (45.3±12.2) years. The inclusion criterion was meeting the indications for FMT. Application of this criterion yielded 8258 patients with constipation, 684 with Clostridium difficile infection, 1730 with chronic diarrhea, 510 with inflammatory bowel disease, 432 with radiation enteritis, 1940 with irritable bowel syndrome, 365 with autism, 870 with postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction, and 211 with neurodegenerative diseases. The three routes of delivering FMT comprised infusion of an enterobacterial solution through a nasoenteric tube into the jejunum for 6 consecutive days (upper gastrointestinal FMT group, 11 125 patients), oral intake of enterobacterial capsules for 6 consecutive days (oral capsule FMT, 3597 patients), and a single injection of a bacterial solution into the colon via colonoscopy (lower gastrointestinal FMT group, 278 patients). Other treatments were discontinued during the treatment and follow-up period and administration of other medications was not recommended unless absolutely necessary. The primary outcomes were the efficacy of FMT after 3, 12 and 36 months of treatment, and improvement in chronic constipation, C. difficile infection, chronic diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, radiation enteritis, irritable bowel syndrome, post-surgery gastrointestinal dysfunction, and autism. Other outcomes included the occurrence of short-term (within 2 weeks after treatment) and long-term (within 36 months after treatment) adverse reactions.Results:At 3, 12 and 36 months after treatment, the overall rates of effectiveness of treatment were 71.8% (10 763/15 000), 64.4% (7600/11 808) and 58.8% (3659/6218), respectively. Specifically, the rates of clinical improvement were 70.3% (5805/8258), 62.6% (3970/6345), and 56.5% (1894/3352), respectively, for constipation; 85.8% (587/684), 72.3% (408/564), and 67.3% (218/324), respectively, for C.difficile infection; 81.0% (1401/1730), 78.1% (1198/1534), and 72.3% (633/876), respectively, for chronic diarrhea; 64.3% (328/510), 52.3% (249/476), and 46.6 % (97/208), respectively, for inflammatory bowel disease; 77.3% (334/432), 65.4% (212/324), and 53.6% (82/153), respectively, for radiculitis; 70.6% (1370/1940), 64.5% (939/1456), and 60.4% (475/786), respectively, for irritable bowel syndrome; 75.3% (275/365), 70.0% (201/287), and 63.6% (112/176), respectively, for autism; 65.3% (568/870), 54.3% (355/654), and 46.5% (114/245), respectively, for post-surgical gastrointestinal dysfunction; and 45.0% (95/211), 40.5% (68/168), and 34.7% (34/98), respectively, for neurodegenerative diseases. At 3, 12, and 36 months post-treatment, clinical improvement rates were 77.1% (8580/11 125), 67.1% (6437/9595), and 62.1% (3196/5145), respectively, in the upper gastrointestinal route group; and 57.3% (2062/3597), 53.6% (1115/2081), and 45.0% (453/1006), respectively, in the oral capsule group; and 43.5% (121/278) , 36.4% (48/132) and 14.9% (10/67), respectively, in the lower gastrointestinal route group. No serious adverse reactions occurred during treatment or follow-up. The most common adverse reactions in the upper gastrointestinal route group, oral capsule group, and lower gastrointestinal route group were respiratory discomfort (20.4%, 2269/11 125), nausea and vomiting on swallowing the capsule (7.6%, 273/3597), and diarrhea (47.5%, 132/278), respectively; these symptoms resolved at the end of treatment. At 36 months of follow-up, 19 patients reported exacerbation of symptoms of pre-existing diseases and there had been 16 deaths that were not directly related to FMT. Additionally, no systemic diseases had developed after FMT.Conclusion:FMT for the treatment of intestinal dysfunction associated with disorders of the intestinal flora and related extraintestinal diseases is effective and not associated with serious adverse events.

Objective To observe the predictive factors of poor prognosis in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion(BAO)who got first-pass effect(FPE)after mechanical thrombectomy(MT).Methods Eighty-two acute BAO patients who got FPE following MT were retrospectively collected and divided into good prognosis group(modified Rankin scale[mRS]score≤3,n=48)and poor prognosis group(mRS score＞3,n=34)90 days after treatments.The data were compared between groups,and variables which showed P＜0.1 were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of poor prognosis in acute BAO patients who got FPE after MT.Results Higher age of patients,pre-treatment National Institute Health stroke scale(NIHSS)and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),also higher proportions of patients with diabetes mellitus,atrial fibrillation(AF)and cardioembolic stroke in trial of org 10 172 in acute stroke treatment(TOAST)classification were found in poor prognosis group than those in good prognosis group(all P＜0.05).Conversely,patients in poor prognosis group had lower pre-treatment Glasgow coma scale(GCS)scores,lower posterior circulation-Alberta stroke program early CT score(pc-ASPECTS)and basilar artery on CT angiography(BATMAN)scores(all P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed patients complicated with AF(OR[95%CI]=29.769[1.470,602.943])and elevated pre-treatment NLR(OR[95%CI]=1.212[1.016,1.446])had relatively poor prognosis(both P＜0.05),whereas those with increased pre-treatment GCS score(OR[95%CI]=0.615[0.429,0.882]),elevated pc-ASPECTS(OR[95%CI]=0.263[0.092,0.748])and higher BATMAN score(OR[95%CI]=0.260[0.085,0.796])had relatively better prognosis(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Complicated with AF,low pre-treatment GCS score,high NLR,low pc-ASPECTS and low BATMAN score were all predictive factors for poor prognosis in acute BAO patients who got FPE after MT.

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that recognizes multiple pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. It is a cytoplasmic immune factor that responds to cellular stress signals, and it is usually activated after infection or inflammation, forming an NLRP3 inflammasome to protect the body. Aberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activation is reportedly associated with some inflammatory diseases and metabolic diseases. Recently, there have been mounting indications that NLRP3 inflammasomes play an important role in liver injuries caused by a variety of diseases, specifically hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, hepatitis, and liver failure. Herein, we summarize new research pertaining to NLRP3 inflammasomes in hepatic injury, hepatitis, and liver failure. The review addresses the potential mechanisms of action of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and its regulation in these liver diseases.
Humans ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Inflammasomes/physiology* ; Animals ; Liver Diseases/metabolism* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Reperfusion Injury/metabolism*

Trauma is an important cause of death in young- and middle-aged people. Trauma is comprehensive and includes many surgical specialties, and the surgical techniques of these specialties have long been mature. To reduce the mortality and disability rate of trauma patients, it is necessary to improve trauma management. Trauma has attracted attention in China and trauma treatment and care developed rapidly in recent years. To decrease traumatic mortality and disability rates, our team is committed to building an efficient trauma system in Shaanxi province and has successfully developed a trauma limb salvage map to address the high rates of amputation and disability in patients with limb injuries. This article elaborates on the construction experience of a trauma limb salvage map and its application details in Shaanxi province of China.
Humans ; China ; Limb Salvage/methods* ; Wounds and Injuries/surgery* ; Male ; Extremities/injuries* ; Adult ; Amputation, Surgical ; Middle Aged ; Female

The Chinese Pharmacopoeia is the legal technical standard which should be followed during the research,production,use,and administration of drugs.At present,the new edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is planned to be promulgated and implemented.This article summarizes and analyzes the main characteristics and the content of updates and amendments of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition(Volume Ⅰ),to provide a reference for the correct understanding and accurate implementation the new edition of the pharmacopoeia.

The Chinese Pharmacopoeia is the legal technical standard which should be followed during the research, production, use, and administration of drugs. At present, the new edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is planned to be promulgated and implemented. This article summarizes and analyzes the main characteristics and the content of updates and amendments of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition(Volume Ⅰ), to provide a reference for the correct understanding and accurate implementation the new edition of the pharmacopoeia.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the anatomical relationship among the nerve roots, intervertebral space, pedicles, and intradural rootlets of the cervical spine for improving operative outcomes and exploring neuroventral decompression approach in posterior endoscopic cervical discectomy (PECD). Methods: Cervical computed tomography myelography imaging data from January 2021 to May 2023 were collected, and the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer Software was employed to conduct multiplane reconstruction. The following parameters were recorded: width of nerve root (WN), nerve root-superior pedicle distance (NSPD), nerve root-inferior pedicle distance (NIPD), and the relationship between the intervertebral space and the nerve root (shoulder, anterior, and axillary). Additionally, the descending angles between the spinal cord and the ventral (VRA) and dorsal (DRA) rootlets were measured. Results: The WN showed a gradual increase from C4 to C7, with measurements notably larger in men compared to women. The NSPD decreased gradually from the C2–3 to the C5–6 levels. However, the NIPD showed an opposite level-related change, notably larger than the NSPD at the C4–5, C5–6, and C7–T1 levels. Furthermore, significant differences in NIPD were observed between different age groups and genders. The incidence of the anterior type exhibited a gradual decrease from the C2–3 to the C5–6 levels. Conversely, the axillary type exhibited an opposite level-related change. Additionally, the VRA and DRA decreased as the level descended, with measurements significantly larger in females. Conclusion A prediction of the positional relationship between the intervertebral space and the nerve root is essential for the direct neuroventral decompression in PECD to avoid damaging the neural structures. The axillary route of the nerve root offers a safer and more effective pathway for performing direct neuroventral decompression compared to the shoulder approach.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the anatomical relationship among the nerve roots, intervertebral space, pedicles, and intradural rootlets of the cervical spine for improving operative outcomes and exploring neuroventral decompression approach in posterior endoscopic cervical discectomy (PECD). Methods: Cervical computed tomography myelography imaging data from January 2021 to May 2023 were collected, and the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer Software was employed to conduct multiplane reconstruction. The following parameters were recorded: width of nerve root (WN), nerve root-superior pedicle distance (NSPD), nerve root-inferior pedicle distance (NIPD), and the relationship between the intervertebral space and the nerve root (shoulder, anterior, and axillary). Additionally, the descending angles between the spinal cord and the ventral (VRA) and dorsal (DRA) rootlets were measured. Results: The WN showed a gradual increase from C4 to C7, with measurements notably larger in men compared to women. The NSPD decreased gradually from the C2–3 to the C5–6 levels. However, the NIPD showed an opposite level-related change, notably larger than the NSPD at the C4–5, C5–6, and C7–T1 levels. Furthermore, significant differences in NIPD were observed between different age groups and genders. The incidence of the anterior type exhibited a gradual decrease from the C2–3 to the C5–6 levels. Conversely, the axillary type exhibited an opposite level-related change. Additionally, the VRA and DRA decreased as the level descended, with measurements significantly larger in females. Conclusion A prediction of the positional relationship between the intervertebral space and the nerve root is essential for the direct neuroventral decompression in PECD to avoid damaging the neural structures. The axillary route of the nerve root offers a safer and more effective pathway for performing direct neuroventral decompression compared to the shoulder approach.