Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by erythema, papules, ocular symptoms, and heightened sensitivity. Patients with neurogenic symptoms such as burning or stinging remain particularly difficult to manage. Current guidelines often underrepresent energy-based devices (EBDs), pigmentary sequelae, psychosocial burden, and ocular comorbidities. Objective: To examine Korean dermatologists’ expert perspectives on rosacea management, focusing on skin sensitivity, neurogenic symptoms, pigmentary changes, psychosocial impact, ocular involvement, and EBD use. Methods: A web-based, 29-item survey was administered to 25 board-certified Korean dermatologists (May–June 2025). Quantitative and qualitative responses were analyzed. Results: Erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular phenotypes with sensitivity skin predominated. EBDs (pulsed dye laser, intense pulsed light) were frequently used but limited by cost and sensitivity issues. Neurogenic symptoms were recognized but rarely treated with neuromodulators. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation was infrequent, yet monitoring was inconsistent.Psychosocial and ocular aspects were acknowledged but seldomly systematically addressed.Respondents expressed interest in emerging adjunctive treatments such as cold plasma, skin boosters, and holistic care approaches. Conclusion Korean dermatologists adopt individualized strategies for rosacea, yet practice gaps remain regarding neurogenic symptoms, pigmentary complications, and psychosocial and ocular comorbidities. Findings support the need for updated multidisciplinary, phenotype-driven guidelines aligned with real-world practice.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of tamoxifen retinopathy and assess the utility of a screening protocol using non-mydriatic fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Between May and October 2024, patients on tamoxifen therapy at a breast surgery clinic were offered screening including non-mydriatic fundus photography and OCT. Among those who consented, 290 patients (580 eyes) were included after excluding other retinal diseases. We investigated tamoxifen duration, cumulative dose, central retinal thickness, BMI, underlying diseases, menopausal status, and history of chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or oral contraceptives. Results: All patients were taking 20 mg of tamoxifen daily. The mean treatment duration was 55.7 ± 29.5 months for those treated longer than two years (n = 193), with a mean BMI of 22.1 ± 3.0 kg/m2. Systemic comorbidities included dyslipidemia (n = 27, 14.0%), hypertension (n = 19, 9.8%), diabetes mellitus (n = 13, 6.7%), and cardiovascular disease (n = 4, 2.1%). Additionally, patient histories included chemotherapy (n = 84, 43.7%), postmenopausal status (n = 56, 29.1%), hormone therapy (n = 52, 27.0%), and oral contraceptive use (n = 14, 7.2%). Tamoxifen retinopathy was not observed in any of the patients. Conclusions In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of tamoxifen retinopathy, as assessed by non-mydriatic fundus photography and OCT in this study, was 0%, which is lower than previously reported rates (0.9%–12%). Although specialized examination by an ophthalmologist, including a dilated fundus examination and OCT remains the diagnostic gold standard, practical constraints can limit its routine clinical use. Our study evaluated a screening protocol performed without ophthalmologist intervention. However, we found that limitations in image quality compromised the detection of subtle lesions, such as crystalline deposits. Consequently, this approach may be insufficient to serve as a primary screening strategy.

Background: Arthroscopic repair of bucket-handle meniscal tears (BHMTs) is technically challenging owing to the complexity of the tear patterns. Compared to simpler meniscal tears, BHMTs are associated with a higher failure rate and often require subsequent meniscectomy. This study aimed to assess clinical outcomes, failure rates, and risk factors for failure following primary arthroscopic repair of BHMTs. Methods: Seventy-four patients (mean age, 27.2 ± 11.2 years) who underwent arthroscopic BHMT repair were included (mean follow-up period, 60.2 ± 36.0 months). Analyzed risk factors included age, sex, body mass index, chronicity, laterality, tear zone, and concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clinical failure was defined as the presence of clinical symptoms consistent with a meniscus tear and the need for subsequent surgery. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were performed to compare groups classified by postoperative meniscal healing status on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a mean follow-up period of 7.30 ± 1.80 months. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Tegner activity score, Lysholm knee score, and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score. Results: The clinical failure rate was 14.9% (11 / 74). Six patients underwent subtotal meniscectomy, and 5 patients underwent partial meniscectomy. Red-white zone involvement was a significant risk factor for clinical failure (odds ratio, 6.182; 95% CI, 1.093–34.950; p = 0.039). Survival analysis based on postoperative MRI findings revealed a significant difference among 3 groups (p = 0.008): the completely healed group showed a 100% survival rate (20 / 20); the partially healed group, 80% (32 / 40); and the unhealed group, 0% (0 / 5). Patients with lateral BHMTs had a significantly higher rate of complete healing than those with medial BHMTs (46.4% vs. 18.9%; p = 0.014). At the final follow-up, the non-failure group demonstrated significantly higher Tegner activity (5.1 ± 1.2 vs. 4.4 ± 0.5; p = 0.038), Lysholm knee (87.7 ± 6.2 vs. 83.2 ± 3.1; p = 0.029), and HSS knee (93.9 ± 4.7 vs. 89.6 ± 3.0; p = 0.007) scores than the failure group. Conclusions BHMTs involving the red-white zone or located in the medial meniscus—particularly those showing inferior early postoperative MRI healing—should be closely monitored after surgery.

In patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), initial recurrence risk stratification based on clinical, histopathological, and perioperative data remains the key determinant for guiding management strategies during the first 1-2 years post-treatment. However, the adoption of ongoing risk stratification (ORS), which dynamically reassesses risk by integrating longitudinal clinical data and treatment response, enables more precise long-term prognostic assessment and facilitates highly individualized management. Building upon recent guidelines, the 2026 KTA guideline has been further refined by incorporating robust evidence from large-scale national cohorts and comprehensive systematic reviews. These updated recommendations outline contemporary concepts of ORS, risk-adapted TSH suppression targets, optimized surveillance modalities for recurrence detection, and disease-specific long-term follow-up strategies. Reflecting the paradigm shift toward de-escalated treatment, this revision integrates evolved perspectives on TSH suppression intensity, the clinical interpretation of thyroglobulin levels, and tailored follow-up intervals. These evidence-based recommendations aim to minimize unnecessary treatment and excessive surveillance in the large proportion of patients with excellent prognosis after initial therapy, while ensuring that each patient receives appropriately tailored and effective long-term management.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of coil embolization of venous segments in patients with Type IIa pelvic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 13 patients (median age, 43 years, range 20–62 years, 7 males) who underwent transvenous coil embolization for Type IIa pelvic AVM (characterized by multiple arterioles shunting to focal venous segments of a single draining vein) without the use of additional liquid embolic agents from March 2017 to February 2023. Treatment outcomes were analyzed based on clinical evaluations, post angiography findings, and follow-up CT. Results: Fourteen procedures were performed on 13 patients. Except in one patient, all treatments were completed in a single session. Transvenous access was employed in 10 procedures, whereas direct puncture was used in four sessions. The embolization procedures used an average of 55.7 ± 58.5 coils (range, 7–238) and lasted an average of 127.3 ± 39.5 minutes.The technical success rate was 92.9% (of 13/14). All patients reported symptom improvement. Follow-up CT scans showed complete occlusion of the AVM without recurrence in ten of the 13 patients. There was one minor adverse event: a small retroperitoneal hemorrhage, likely related to direct puncture, which resolved spontaneously. No other adverse events were observed. Conclusion Coil embolization of the draining vein segment, without the use of additional liquid embolic agents is a safe and effective method for managing Type IIa pelvic AVM.

Purpose: Prostate cancer ranks as the second most common cancer in men globally, representing a significant cause of cancer-related mortality. Metastasis, the spread of cancer cells from the primary site to distant organs, remains a major challenge in managing prostate cancer. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is implicated in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis, emerging as a potential player in various cancers. However, its role in prostate cancer remains unclear. This study aims to analyze PDK4 expression in prostate cancer cells and human samples, and to explore the gene's clinical significance. Materials and Methods: PDK4 expression was detected in cell lines and human tissue samples. Migration ability was analyzed using Matrigel-coated invasion chambers. Human samples were obtained from the Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital. Results: PDK4 expression was elevated in prostate cancer cell lines compared to normal prostate cells, with particularly high levels in DU145 and LnCap cell lines. PDK4 knockdown in these cell lines suppressed their invasion ability, indicating a potential role of PDK4 in prostate cancer metastasis. Furthermore, our results revealed alterations in epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and downstream signaling molecules following PDK4 suppression, suggesting its involvement in the modulation of invasion-related pathways. Furthermore, PDK4 expression was increased in prostate cancer tissues, especially in castration-resistant prostate cancer, compared to normal prostate tissues, with PSA and PDK4 expression showing a significantly positive correlation. Conclusions PDK4 expression in prostate cancer is associated with tumor invasion and castration status. Further validation is needed to demonstrate its effectiveness as a therapeutic target.

Background: Although nail psoriasis is a common manifestation among patients with psoriasis, large-scale research exploring the association between nail psoriasis lesions and their intra-nail locations has not been conducted. This study is necessary to elucidate the shared pathophysiology among various phenotypes of nail psoriasis. Objective: We aimed to understand the association between nail psoriasis lesions and analyze their intra-nail locations. Methods: We obtained a total of 5,602 cropped fingernail images from 636 patients with psoriasis. We employed the Computer Vision Annotation Tool to annotate the intra-nail locations of nail psoriasis lesions. We computed χ 2 statistic to examine the relationship between nail psoriasis lesions and conducted an analysis of their intra-nail locations. Results: Based on the number of lesions, nail pitting was the most common, followed by leukonychia, with the red spots in the lunula being the rarest. We elucidated the associations between different nail psoriasis lesions, pinpointing a significant association between onycholysis and oil spots (χ 2 statistic=1,623.88), followed by onycholysis-subungual hyperkeratosis (1,607.50), and subungual hyperkeratosis-oil spots (985.76). A spatial relationship was observed between onycholysis and oil spots, with the intra-nail location of onycholysis being more distal compared to the nearest oil spots. A distribution pattern of nail psoriasis was also demonstrated, where nail matrix lesions were primarily located at the center of the nail, and nail bed lesions were predominantly located near the lateral nail folds. Conclusion This study represents a pioneering analysis of the intra-nail location of nail psoriasis lesions, revealing substantial associations and spatial relationships between different lesions.

Background: Despite various therapeutic modalities for keloids have been introduced; however, their therapeutic effects are limited. Therefore, the development of a new approach for inhibiting collagen production by scar fibroblasts is needed. Objective: To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation using a low-frequency and low-intensity alternating current on collagen and MMP-1 levels in human dermal fibroblasts. Methods: Low-frequency (20 kHz) and low-intensity (1 V/cm) electrical stimulations were applied to primary dermal fibroblasts. The production of type I procollagen and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 were evaluated. Transcriptomic analyses were conducted to explore the possible modes of action of electrical stimulation. Results: Electrical stimulation effectively suppressed type I procollagen production and increased MMP-1 expression. In addition, transcriptomic analyses revealed that electrical stimulation altered the gene expression associated with membrane permeability and the structure of cellular membranes. Validation using real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that electrical stimulation significantly altered the expression of mechanosensitive ion channels (PIEZO2) and membrane-bound protein organizing caveolae (CAVIN2). Conclusion Electrical stimulation using low-frequency and low-intensity alternating currents effectively modulates extracellular matrix homeostasis by altering the cellular membrane structure and function. Our findings suggest a promising therapeutic approach for the management of keloids and hypertrophic scars.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an approach to alleviate the discomfort caused by sandbag compression after a bone marrow examination. This research examined the effects of applying a pressure hemostasis band on bleeding, pain, and discomfort at the bone marrow examination site. Methods: This study was conducted with a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. For 74 patients under evaluation who underwent bone marrow examination, sandbag compression was applied to the examination site in the control group (n=37), and a pressure hemostasis band was applied to the intervention group (n=37). In both groups, absolute bed rest was performed for two hours, and bleeding, pain, and discomfort at the examination site were measured. Results: After two hours of the bone marrow examination, there was no difference in bleeding on the gauze between the two groups (F=0.59, p=.444). Bleeding occurred in three patients in the intervention group and six in the control group (χ 2 =1.14, p=.479), with no cases of hematoma detected in either group. One hour post-examination, the control group experienced significantly higher pain (F=5.45, p=.022) and discomfort (F=5.68, p=.020) than the intervention group. However, pain and discomfort levels were similar between groups after two hours. Conclusion Compared to the sandbag compression group, the band application group showed no difference in bleeding and experienced less pain and discomfort at the examination site. This confirms that the pressure hemostasis band is a suitable alternative to sandbag compression in post-examination care.