During long-term extravehicular activities(EVA),there have been multiple instances of localized discomfort due to cold extremities such as hands and feet.The primary reason is that the design of space suit gloves prioritizes maximizing operational flexibility,which leads to reduced passive thermal protection in certain areas.Insufficient local thermal protection can cause the hands to lose metabolic heat in cold environments over time,resulting in cold stress.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct research on temperature control technology to meet the thermal comfort requirements of astronauts' hands during EVA.Effective active temperature measures can expand the range of low temperature working environments that astronauts' hands can adapt to during EVA,enhance hand thermal comfort,and ensure hand operational capabilities,preventing excessive cold from exceeding medical requirement and affecting extravehicular missions.This paper combines the metabolic heat generation patterns of the human hand to analyze the temperature control requirements for extravehicular gloves,simulate and optimize the layout of electric heaters,and evaluate the feasibility of the electric heating system for extravehicular gloves by building a thermal simulation model.Through prototype vacuum thermal testing,comprehensive verification of the temperature control module for extravehicular gloves was achieved,demonstrating the effectiveness of the temperature control system.

Objective To investigate the value of radiomics model based on multiple sequences MR in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)among different breast cancer subtypes.Methods Two hundred breast cancer patients undergoing NAC treatment were retrospectively selected,and then randomly divided into training group and validation group at a ratio of 7:3,as well as divided into responsive and non-responsive according to the therapeutic response.Radiomics features were selected and filtered from multiple sequences MR.The model was established by using machine learning,and validated in the validation group.The predictive performance of the model was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and the clinical application value of the model was assessed by clinical decision curve analysis(DCA).Results The area under the curve(AUC)of hormone receptor(HR)-positive with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2)-negative breast cancer patients in training and validation groups were 0.881 and 0.682,respectively,while the AUC of HER-2-positive breast cancer patients were 0.831 and 0.636,respectively.The AUC of triple-negative breast cancer patients were 0.969 and 0.708,respectively.The clinical DCA showed significant clinical benefits.Conclusion The MR radiomics model can predict the efficacy of NAC among different breast cancer subtypes.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD） in Minhang District， Shanghai from 2009 to 2020， and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD. MethodsThe case information of HFMD was collected from the National Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. We used descriptive epidemiological methods to analyze the population characteristics， temporal and spatial distribution of HFMD， the pathogen composition of the case and its changing trend. ResultsFrom 2009 to 2020， a total of 66，198 cases of HFMD were reported in Minhang District， Shanghai， including 377 severe cases （severe case rate 0.57%） and 3 deaths （severs case fatality rate 0.80%）. There were more cases of HFMD in boys than in girls （1.5∶1）. HFMD patients aged under 5 years predominated， accounting for 88.91% of all cases. Majority of the cases （91.42%） were in scattered children （55.80%） and children in kindergartens （35.62%）. The incidence showed a cyclical trend， with low incidence years and high incidence years appearing alternately. The peak period was from April to July， and sometimes there were small peaks during October to December. A total of 12 years time-space scanning analysis revealed 3 clusters. The cluster centers were located in Wujing Town， Huacao Town and Xinzhuang Town， respectively. The proportion of EV71 in common cases was generally decreasing， and reduced to zero in 2019. The proportion of CoxA6 had increased year by year， and reached 75.00% in 2020. CoxA6 became the dominant pathogen in recent years. The number of severe cases had decreased year by year since 2010， and the dominant pathogen was EV71 （90.03% on average） in severe cases. ConclusionThe incidence of HFMD in Minhang District of Shanghai has a downward trend from 2014. The dominant pathogen changes from EV71 to CoxA6， and the dominant pathogen in severe cases is EV71. The discovered temporal and spatial clustering pattern is helpful for in-depth understanding of the distribution and epidemic trend of HFMD in Minhang District， and provides a scientific basis for epidemic prevention and control.

Objective To investigate aluminum content in commercially available flour products in Minhang District, Shanghai, and to assess the risk of dietary aluminum exposure among permanent residents in Minhang. Methods From 2018 to 2019, a total of 227 samples including fried flour products, steamed flour products, puffed products and baked flour products, were collected in Minhang District to detect the aluminum content. The food frequency table was used to investigate the consumption of flour foods by permanent residents in Minhang District and to assess population dietary aluminum exposure risk. Results The average content of aluminum in 227 kinds of flour products was 31.66 mg/kg, and the exceeding standard rate was 3.96%. The over-standard foods were all fried flour products, and the over-standard rate reached 10.47%. Moreover, the aluminum over standard rate of flour products produced by itinerant vendors and restaurants was significantly higher than that of flour products produced by supermarkets and manufacturers. The average dietary intake of aluminum in Minhang residents was 0.18 mg/kg per week, accounting for 9.03% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The aluminum exposure of the population with high consumption of foods was 1.4 mg/kg per week, accounting for 69.90% of the PTWI. Among the four types of flour products, fried flour products had the highest contribution rate to aluminum exposure. The daily consumption of fried flour products in males was significantly higher than that in females (P<0.05), and the 18-34 age group was significantly higher than the 60 years old and above group (P<0.05). Conclusion The risk of the average dietary aluminum exposure of flour foods among Minhang residents is relatively low, but people with high consumption of foods would be confronted with increased health risks. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision on the use of aluminum-containing additives in itinerant vendors and restaurants, and actively advocate reducing the frequency and the consumption of fried flour products, thus reduce the exposure to the high risk of dietary aluminum in fried flour products