ObjectiveTo analyze the application trends and research hotspots of action observation therapy (AOT) in the field of stroke rehabilitation over the past decade. MethodsLiteratures on AOT in stroke rehabilitation published from January, 2016 to December, 2025 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace 6.4.R1 was used for visual analysis. ResultsA total of 463 articles were included. The annual publication volume showed a fluctuating upward trend. The country with the highest number of publications was China, the most productive institution was Chang Gung University and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, and the most prolific author was Avanzini Pietro. Mirror neuron system, motor imagery, upper limb and facilitation were identified as high-frequency keywords and bursting words. ConclusionIn the past decade, the number of publications on AOT in stroke rehabilitation has generally increased. Researches are focusing on the synergy of sensory-closed-loop multimodal technologies, reconstruction of fine upper limb function and neural facilitation mechanisms.

Drug addiction,also referred to as drug dependence or substance use disorder,is a chronic and recurrent brain disease.Its main characteristics are compulsive drug-seeking behavior,continued use of drugs,and a loss of control over intake.Prolonged use of addictive substances can result in both physiological and psychological dependence.When usage is ceased,individuals may experience intense discomfort,including anxiety,insomnia,nausea,vomiting,and a strong craving for the substances.Drug dependence is classified into two types:physical dependence and psychological dependence.Physical dependence describes a pathological state of adaptation that results from the repeated use of addictive substances,leading to severe withdrawal syndrome upon cessation.Psychological dependence involves a mental craving for addictive substances,which is needed to experience the specific euphoria that follows consumption.Regular or continuous use is required to sustain these euphoric effects.The mechanisms of addiction are complex and influenced by genetic,environmental,and various other factors.They involve higher-level neurological activities,such as memory,reward,and decision-making.Currently,effective treatment methods for drug addiction are insufficient.Due to the complexity of drug addiction,laboratory animal research is essential.Using animal behavioral models to simulate human drug addiction can enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of addiction.This research offers a comprehensive overview of various animal experimental models that explore both physical and psychological dependence.It includes detailed descriptions of the methods and procedures used to assess physical dependence,behavioral sensitization,conditioned place preference,drug discrimination,and self-administration experiments.Additionally,the characteristics of each experimental model are compared,and the relevance of these models is discussed,aiming to provide support for the research on addiction mechanisms and the development of therapeutic methods.

Drug addiction,also referred to as drug dependence or substance use disorder,is a chronic and recurrent brain disease.Its main characteristics are compulsive drug-seeking behavior,continued use of drugs,and a loss of control over intake.Prolonged use of addictive substances can result in both physiological and psychological dependence.When usage is ceased,individuals may experience intense discomfort,including anxiety,insomnia,nausea,vomiting,and a strong craving for the substances.Drug dependence is classified into two types:physical dependence and psychological dependence.Physical dependence describes a pathological state of adaptation that results from the repeated use of addictive substances,leading to severe withdrawal syndrome upon cessation.Psychological dependence involves a mental craving for addictive substances,which is needed to experience the specific euphoria that follows consumption.Regular or continuous use is required to sustain these euphoric effects.The mechanisms of addiction are complex and influenced by genetic,environmental,and various other factors.They involve higher-level neurological activities,such as memory,reward,and decision-making.Currently,effective treatment methods for drug addiction are insufficient.Due to the complexity of drug addiction,laboratory animal research is essential.Using animal behavioral models to simulate human drug addiction can enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of addiction.This research offers a comprehensive overview of various animal experimental models that explore both physical and psychological dependence.It includes detailed descriptions of the methods and procedures used to assess physical dependence,behavioral sensitization,conditioned place preference,drug discrimination,and self-administration experiments.Additionally,the characteristics of each experimental model are compared,and the relevance of these models is discussed,aiming to provide support for the research on addiction mechanisms and the development of therapeutic methods.

Objective To evaluate the role of Src kinase in liver injury in endotoxemic mice.Methods Forty-eight female BABL/c mice,aged 3-4 months,weighing 15-20 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =16 each) using a random number table:control group (C group),endotoxemia group (lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group) and Src kinase inhibitor PP2 group (PP2 group).Endotoxemia was induced by intraperitoneal LPS 20 mg/kg in LPS and PP2 groups,while the equal volume of PBS was given in group C.In PP2 group,PP2 1 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 2 h after LPS administration.At 6 h after LPS or PBS injection,8 mice in each group were chosen,and blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta for determination of the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP).The mice were then sacrificed and livers were removed for determination of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) level,superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity,malondialdehyde (MDA) content and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in liver tissues.The other 8 mice in each group were sacrificed at 24 h after LPS or PBS injection,and the livers were harvested for examination of pathological changes.Results Compared with C group,the serum levels of ALP and MDA content and MPO activity in liver tissues were significantly increased,and SOD activity and Nrf2 levels in liver tissues were decreased in LPS and PP2 groups.Compared with LPS group,the serum levels of ALP and MDA content and MPO activity in liver tissues were significantly decreased,and SOD activity and Nrf2 levels in liver tissues were increased in PP2 group.The pathological changes of liver tissues were significantly attenuated in PP2 group as compared with LPS group.Conclusion Src kinase is involved in endotoxemia-induced liver injury in mice.

Objective To establish the model of serum-caused damage to pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) of mice with renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods Mice PMVECs were cultured to measure the standard trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TER) in the monolayer of PMVECs.When PMVECs were cultured and arranged in compact monolayer and TER was achieved,they were divided into 4 groups (n =3 each) using a random number table:serum of normal mice group (NS group) and different concentrations (5％,10％ and 20％) of serum of mice with renal I/R injury groups (IRS5 group,IRS10group and IRS20 group).The PMVECs were cultured for 1 h in the serum-free endothelial culture medium.The 0.8 and 0.2 ml culture medium containing 20％ serum of normal mice were then added to the upper and lower chambers,respectively,in group NS.The 0.8 and 0.2 ml culture medium containing 5％,10％ and 20％ serum of mice with renal I/R injury were then added to the upper and lower chambers in IRS5,IRS10 and IRS20 groups,respectively.100 μg/ml FITC-BSA 100 μl was added to the upper chamber in the four groups.At 3,6,9,12,15,18,21 and 24 h of incubation,the PMVEC monolayer permeability (apparent permeability coefficient,Pa) was detected.Results Compared with NS group,the Pa was significantly increased at 12 and 15 h of incubation in IRS5 group,and the Pa was increased at 6-24 h of incubation in IRS10 and IRS20 groups.Compared with IRS5 group,the Pa at 21 and 24 h in IRS10 group and at 9-24 h in IRS20 group were significantly increased.Conclusion Both 10％ and 20％ serum of mice with renal I/R injury can successfully establish the model of damage to PMVECs,and 20％ serum causes a more severe damage.

Objective To explore the clinical and electrophysiological features and pulmonary function of 8 Chinese patients with Kennedy's disease (KD) and to enhance the understanding for the disease.Methods Eight patients with KD,admitted to out hospital from July 2010 to December 2013 and confirmed by gene examination,were chosen in our study; their clinical and electrophysiological features,and laboratory characteristics and pulmonary function were compared with those in the healthy volunteers.Results The average age of onset in the 8 patients was (45.13±17.47) years,and the average age of diagnosis was (55.63±12.11) years.The most common complaint was leg weakness.All patients presented hemifacial spasm,tongue muscle atrophy and fibrillation,amyotrophy and gynaecomastia; creatine kinase level was elevated and endocrine disorder appeared in different degrees.The electromyogram characteristics included widespread neurogenic changes accompanied with/without sensory or motor conduction abnormalities.The forced vital capacity,forced expiratory volume in first second,maximal voluntary ventilation and peak expiratory flow rate were significantly lower,and the residual volume in the KD patients was statistically higher than that in the healthy volunteers (P＜0.05).Respiratory muscle strength (maximum inspiratory pressure and maximum expiratory pressure) decreased in the KD patients.Conclusion KD is a degenerative disease with slow clinical progression which has its own characteristics of inheritance pattern and natural course; the age of onset,repeat number of CAG sequences,pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength may be valuable for illness evaluation.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the serum of rats with hepato-pulmonary syndrome (HPS) on the expression of caveolin-1 and VE-cadherin in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs).Methods Among the 40 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3-4 months,weighing 220-250 g,20 rats were taken randomly for establishment the model of HPS which was produced by chronic ligation of the common bile duct,and the left 20 rats served as sham operation group.Primary PMVECs were harvested from healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats and inoculated in ECM culture medium or on 96-well culture plate.The PMVECs of 4th-9th generation were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =36 each):control group (group C) and HPS group.In group C,the serum obtained from normal rats in sham operation group was added to PMVECs,while the serum obtained from rats with HPS was added in HPS group.The final concentration of serum was 10％.After being incubated for 12,24 and 36 h (T1-3),the expression of caveolin-1 and VE-cadherin in PMVECs was detected by Western blot,and the PMVEC adhesion rate and proliferation were determined by CKK-8 method.Results Compared with group C,the expression of caveolin-1 and VE-cadherin was significantly down-regulated,the cell adhesion rate was decreased,and the proliferation of PMVECs was enhanced in HPS group.Conclusion The serum of rats with HPS induces weakened PMVEC contact inhibition through down-regulating caveolin-1 and VE-cadherin expression.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the cost control in PIVAS of our hospital in order to provide reference for the effective cost control.METHODS:The status quo of cost control of PIVAS was analyzed to provide corresponding countermeasures.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The effective cost control can be achieved through improving cost accounting,controlling cost and reducing running cost and labour cost to promote the healthy development of PIVAS.