Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)primarily relies on surgical resection for curative treatment,but the high recurrence rate after surgery is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed.Neoadjuvant immunotherapy,represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),has the potential to reduce postoperative recurrence,increase the rate of radical resection,and prolong survival time.The combination of ICIs with other treatments is gradually becoming a hot area in clinical research for liver cancer.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)primarily relies on surgical resection for curative treatment,but the high recurrence rate after surgery is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed.Neoadjuvant immunotherapy,represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),has the potential to reduce postoperative recurrence,increase the rate of radical resection,and prolong survival time.The combination of ICIs with other treatments is gradually becoming a hot area in clinical research for liver cancer.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors and prognosis of early and late recurrence after radical resection of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods The clinical data of 117 patients who received radical resection of HCC at the Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2003 to December 2006 were retrospectively analyzed.Tumor recurrence occurred within 2 years after operation was defined as early recurrence,and tumor recurrence occurred latter than 2 years after operation was defined as late recurrence.Relationship between postoperative tumor recurrence and level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),AFP/V,tumor diameter,tumor number,blood vessel invasion,tumor differentiation,hepatic cirrhosis,hepatic function,hepatitis B surface antigen,procedure of hepatic resection and blood transfusion was analyzed.The overall survival and disease-free survival rates were determined by Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival rate was analyzed by Log-rank test.Results Eighty-five(72.6％)patients were found with tumor recurrence,including 59(50.4％)with early tumor recurrence and 26(22.2％)with late tumor recurrence.Levels of AFP,AFP/V,tumor diameter,tumor number,blood vessel invasion,tumor differentiation and blood transfusion were the influencing factors of early recurrence(x2 = 12.78,13.40,5.79,9.98,10.26,9.48,8.32,P ＜ 0.05).Level of AFP and hepatic cirrhosis were the influencing factors of late recurrence(x2 =4.46,7.75,P ＜ 0.05).AFP/V,tumor number and blood vessel invasion were the independent risk factors of early recurrence(RR = 0.170,0.172,0.064,P ＜ 0.05).Hepatic cirrhosis was the independent risk factor of late recurrence(RR = 2.809, P ＜ 0.05).The 1-,3-,5-year overall survival rates and tumor-free survival rates were 82.6％,60.8％,54.9％ and 65.0％,38.5％,23.1％.There were significant differences in overall survival and disease-free survival rates among patients with AFP ＜20 μg/L,AFP/V ＜ 14 μg/(L · cm3)or AFP/V ≥ 14 μg/(L · cm3)(P ＜ 0.05).The 1-,3-,5-year overall survival rates of patients with early tumor recurrence were 64.9％,23.0％ and 20.5％,respectively,and the 1-,3-,5-year overall survival rates of patients with late tumor recurrence were 100.0％,88.5％ and 72.5％,respectively.A significant difference in the 1-,3-,5-year overall survival rates between patients with early or late tumor recurrence was observed(x2 = 26.918,P ＜0.05).Conclusions AFP/V,tumor number,blood vessel invasion were independent risk factors of early tumor recurrence,and hepatic cirrhosis was the independent risk factor of late tumor recurrence.There is a significant difference in the survival rate between patients with early or late tumor recurrence.

Objective Objective In order to better keep up with the development of transplantation immunobiology.we established and compared two types of mouse heterotopic heart transplantation,and hope to help further organ transplantation studies.Methods According to the surgical procedures of Ono's type and Chen's type of mouse model of heterotopic heart transplantation with some modification,we performed celiac and cervical heteropotic heart transplantation between iso-strains and hetero-strains,and compared the operation suecess rate,operation time,allografi survival time,and histopathology of those establishment methods.Results The success rates of mouse celiac and cervical heterotopic heart transplantation were 86.7% and 83.3%,respectively,with a non-significant difference(P>0.05) between the two methods of operation regarding the total operation time,survival time of the allografts,and histopathological findings.Conclusions Based on the mastery of microsurgical techniques,the two models of heterotopic mouse heart transplantation can be established equally,and either of them can be considered depending on the particular requirements of studies.

Objective To investigate the safety and technique of hepatic segmentectomy without hepatic blood inflow occlusion.and to detect its influences on the function of the remnant liver and postoperative complications.Methods The clinical data of 37 hepatocellular carcinoma patients who had undergone hepatic segmentectomy without hepatic blood inflow occlusion(group A)in Tonal Hospital from December 2006 to December 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical data of 3 1 patients who were treated by hepatic segmentectomy with Pringle maneuver(group B)during the same period of time were used as control.The efficacy of the 2 treating methods was analvzed bv chi-square test and t test.Results The difference of perioperative blood losses between group A[(400±100)ml]and B[(350±100)ml]had statistical significance(t=0.717,P＞0.05).The time of alanine transaminase returning to the normal level in group A was(6±2)days,which was significantly shorter than(10±3)days in group B(t=6.006,P＜0.05).The postoperative complication rates of group A and B were 14%(5/37)and 35%(11/31),respectively,with statistical difference between the 2 groups(t=4.525.P＜0.05).Conclusions Hepatic segmentectomy without hepatic blood inflow occlusion can effectively prevent the hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury and reduce the postoperative complications.