Sinisan is a classical prescription developed and applied by ancient medical experts and it is first recorded in the Treatise on Cold Damage written by ZHANG Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Later physicians have modified this prescription based on this original one. The bibliometrics methods were used to analyze the key information and research trend of Sinisan. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria， 69 pieces of effective data were extracted， involving 67 ancient traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） books. The results showed that the name， composition， and decocting methods of Sinisan in later generations were inherited from the original record in the Treatise on Cold Damage. The original plants of medicinal materials used in Sinisan are basically clear. We recommend Bupleuri Radix as the dried root of Bupleurem scorzonerifolium， Paeoniae Radix Alba as the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora， Aurantii Fructus as the dried fruit of Citrus aurantium， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma as the dry root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Raw materials of Bupleuri Radix and Paeoniae Radix Alba， Aurantii Fructus stir-fried with bran， and stir-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma should be used for preparation of Sinisan. According to measurement system in the Han Dynasty， a bag of Sinisan is composed of 1.25 g Bupleuri Radix， 1.25 g Paeoniae Radix Alba， 1.25 g Aurantii Fructus， and 1.25 g Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The materials should be grounded into coarse powder and taken with a proper amount of rice soup， 3 times a day. Sinisan has the effects of regulating qi movement and harmonizing the liver and spleen. It can be used for treating reversal cold in limbs and cold damage. In modern clinical practice， Sinisan can be used to treat chronic gastritis， irritable bowel syndrome， and dyspepsia. The above research results provide scientific reference for the future research and development of Sinisan.

Houpo Sanwutang， included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions （Second Batch）， was first recorded in the Synopsis of Golden Chamber written by ZHANG Zhongjing from the Eastern Han dynasty and was modified by successive generations of medical experts. A total of 37 pieces of effective data involving 37 ancient Chinese medical books were retrieved from different databases. Through literature mining， statistical analysis， and data processing， combined with modern articles， this study employed bibliometrics to investigate the historical origin， composition， decoction methods， clinical application， and other key information. The results showed that the medicinal origin of Houpo Sanwutang was clearly documented in classic books. Based on the conversion of the measurements from the Han Dynasty， it is recommended that 110.4 g Magnolia Officinalis Cortex， 55.2 g Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， and 72 g Aurantii Fructus Immaturus should be taken. Magnolia Officinalis Cortex and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus should be decocted with 2 400 mL water first， and 1 000 mL should be taken from the decocted liquid. Following this， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma should be added for further decoction， and then 600 mL should be taken from the decocted liquid. A single dose of administration is 200 mL， and the medication can be stopped when patients restore smooth bowel movement. Houpo Sanwutang has the effect of moving Qi， relieving stuffiness and fullness， removing food stagnation， and regulating bowels. It can be used in treating abdominal distending pain， guarding， constipation， and other diseases with the pathogenesis of stagnated heat and stagnated Qi in the stomach. The above results provide reference for the future development and research of Houpo Sanwutang.

Food-derived bioactive peptides (FBPs), particularly those with ten or fewer amino acid residues and a molecular weight below 1300 Da, have gained increasing attention for their safe, diverse structures and specific biological activities. The development of FBP-based functional foods and potential medications depends on understanding their structure‒activity relationships (SARs), stability, and bioavailability properties. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of the roles of FBPs in treating various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, and inflammatory bowel diseases, based on the literature from July 2017 to Mar. 2023. Subsequently, attention is directed toward elucidating the associations between the bioactivities and structural characteristics (e.g., molecular weight and the presence of specific amino acids within sequences and compositions) of FBPs. We also discuss in silico approaches for FBP screening and their limitations. Finally, we summarize recent advancements in formulation techniques to improve the bioavailability of FBPs in the food industry, thereby contributing to healthcare applications.
Humans ; Peptides/therapeutic use* ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Functional Food ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy* ; Biological Availability ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy* ; Hypertension/drug therapy* ; Liver Diseases/drug therapy* ; Bioactive Peptides, Dietary

Xiaoji Yinzi is one of the classic prescriptions for treating urinary diseases， originated from the Yan's Prescriptions to Aid the Living （Yan Shi Ji Sheng Fang） written by YAN Yonghe in the Song dynasty. Xiaoji Yinzi is composed of Rehmanniae Radix， Cirsii Herba， Talcum， Akebiae Caulis， Typhae Pollen， Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Nodus， Lophatheri Herba， Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Gardeniae Fructus， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and has the effects of cooling blood and stopping bleeding， draining water and relieving stranguria. The medical experts of later generations have inherited the original prescription recorded in the Yan's Prescriptions to Aid the Living， while dispute has emerged during the inheritance of this prescription. In this study， the method of bibliometrics was employed to review and analyze the ancient documents and modern clinical studies involving Xiaoji Yinzi. The results showed that Xiaoji Yinzi has two dosage forms： powder and decoction. According to the measurement system in the Song Dynasty， the modern doses of hers in Xiaoji Yinzi were transformed. In the prepration of Xiaoji Yinzi powder， 149.2 g of Rehmanniae Radix and 20.65 g each of Cirsii Herba， Talcum， Akebiae Caulis， stir-fried Typhae Pollen， Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Nodus， Lophatheri Herba， wine-processed Angelicae Sinensis Radix， stir-fried Gardeniae Fructus， and stir-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are grounded into fine powder with the particle size of 4-10 meshes and a decocted with 450 mL water to reach a volume of 240 mL. After removal of the residue， the decoction was taken warm before meals， 3 times a day （i.e.， 7.77 g Rehmanniae Radix and 0.97 g each of the other herbs each time）. In the preparation of Xiaoji Yinzi decoction， 20.65 g each of the above 10 herbs are used， with stir-fried Typhae Pollen， wine-processed Angelica Sinensis Radix， stir-fired Gardeniae Fructus， stir-fired Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and raw materials of other herbs. Xiaoji Yinzi is specialized in treating hematuresis and blood stranguria due to heat accumulation in lower energizer， which causes injury of the blood collaterals of gallbladder and dysfunction of Qi transformation. In modern clinical practice， Xiaoji Yinzi is specifically used for treating urinary diseases and can be expanded to treat diseases of the cardiovascular system and other systems according to pathogenesis. The comprehensive research on the key information could provide a scientific reference for the future development of Xiaoji Yinzi.

Zhigancao Tang （also known as Fumaitang） is a classic formula for treating "intermittent pulse and palpitations" and is widely used in clinical practice. Sanjia Fumaitang， included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formulas （First Batch） published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China in 2018， is derived from this formula. This paper employed bibliometric methods to comprehensively investigate and summarize the historical evolution， drug composition， herb origins and preparation， prescription meanings， and ancient and modern applications of Zhigancao Tang， analyzed the composition and usage of Zhigancao Tang， and discussed the reasons and applications of the "Fumaitang" variants created by Wu Jutong. A total of 47 valid pieces of data from 38 ancient texts were included. Results showe that Zhigancao Tang originates from the Treatise on Cold Damage （Shang Han Lun）， and the name "Fumaitang" is also recorded in the formula's description. Converted to modern measurements from the Han dynasty system， the recommended preparation for Zhigancao Tang includes 55.2 g of fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， 41.4 g of Cinnamomi Ramulus， 27.6 g of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， 220 g of fresh Rehmannia glutinosa， 27.6 g of Asini Corii Colla， 53 g of Ophiopogonis Radix， 45 g of Cannabis Fructus， and 90 g of Jujubae Fructus. All herbs should be decocted with 1 400 mL of yellow rice wine and 1 600 mL of water until 600 mL. Once the Asini Corii Colla is fully dissolved， the decoction should be taken warm at a dosage of 200 mL， three times a day. Zhigancao Tang is effective for replenishing Qi， warming Yang， nourishing Yin， and nourishing blood and is primarily used to treat “intermittent pulse and palpitations” caused by deficiencies in heart Yin and Yang， as well as malnutrition of the heart meridian and conditions like lung atrophy. Modern applications mainly focus on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， including arrhythmias， coronary heart disease， and premature ventricular contractions. The findings from this research provide a reference for the further development of Zhigancao Tang.

Tingli Dazao Xiefeitang is a classic formula for treating lung abscesses and thoracic fluid retention， recognized throughout history and included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Formulas （Second Batch）. This article employs bibliometric methods to investigate and analyze the source， origin， and key information of Tingli Dazao Xiefeitang， providing a theoretical basis for the development and application of this renowned formula. The results show that Tingli Dazao Xiefeitang first appears in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber （Jin Kui Yao Lue）， where three clinical applications are recorded. The original text clearly states that this formula is used to treat lung abscesses and thoracic fluid retention， with symptoms such as inability to lie down due to wheezing， chest and rib fullness， facial edema， inability to rest due to thoracic fluid retention， and cough inversion. This aligns with findings from ancient application research. In later generations， the methods proposed by ZHANG Zhongjing were predominantly used for medication and formulation. Modern applications of Tingli Dazao Xiefeitang focus primarily on the respiratory system， with pleural effusion being the most common condition. For the preparation and decoction， a single dose of 5 g of Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen （dried and mature seeds of Lepidium apetalum） processed as stir-fried seeds and 36 g of Jujubae Fructus （dried and mature fruit of Ziziphus jujuba） prepared as raw materials were recommended. Then 600 mL of water was added and Jujubae Fructus was first boiled until the volume reduced to 400 mL. After filtering out the residue， the supernatant was retained and mixed with stir-fried Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen， followed by boiling to 200 mL， which should be consumed all at once. This research provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of this formula.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), as an idiopathic disease, often occurs in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. It is characterized by maternal pruritus, abnormal liver function and raised serum bile acids which are resolved rapidly and spontaneously after delivery. It has been reported that abnormal intestinal microbiota and endogenous bile acids play important roles in the progression of cholestatic liver diseases. Dramatic changes in metabolic hormone levels and energy metabolism during pregnancy disrupt the microbiota composition and bile acid pool as well. Altered intestinal permeability, overaccumulation of bile acids, aberrant expression of bile acid transporters and nuclear receptors are all involved in the pathogenesis of cholestasis. This paper reviews the changes of intestinal flora and the mechanism of gastrointestinal microbiota in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, explore the potential treatments for ICP.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), as an idiopathic disease, often occurs in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. It is characterized by maternal pruritus, abnormal liver function and raised serum bile acids which are resolved rapidly and spontaneously after delivery. It has been reported that abnormal intestinal microbiota and endogenous bile acids play important roles in the progression of cholestatic liver diseases. Dramatic changes in metabolic hormone levels and energy metabolism during pregnancy disrupt the microbiota composition and bile acid pool as well. Altered intestinal permeability, overaccumulation of bile acids, aberrant expression of bile acid transporters and nuclear receptors are all involved in the pathogenesis of cholestasis. This paper reviews the changes of intestinal flora and the mechanism of gastrointestinal microbiota in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, explore the potential treatments for ICP.

Objective:To explore the application value of a novel ultrasonic scale in the evaluation of sub-massive pulmonary embolism (sub-PE).Methods:Retrospective analyses were conducted in 137 patients with acute pulmonary embolism confirmed by computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in the second affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University from September 2017 to June 2019. They were divided into experimental set (77 cases) and testing set(60 cases). According to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for pulmonary embolism in 2019, the patients were classified into sub-PE(71 cases) and small pulmonary embolism(small-PE, 66 cases). Parameters in the experimental set were screened by statistical methods to make an ultrasonic scale, and then the patients in the testing set were scored by the scale. ROC curve was plotted to calculate the diagnostic efficacy of the ultrasonic scale for sub-PE.Results:①The patients of sub-PE were older than small-PE patients [(61.57±1.45) years vs (56.31±1.59) years, P=0.016], but there was no significant difference between the two groups in other general data( P>0.05). ②Within the 77 pulmonary embolism patients in the experimental set, 41(53.25%) were classified as the sub-PE and 36(46.75%) as the small-PE. Compared with the small-PE group, right ventricular diameter, pulmonary artery trunk diameter, right ventricle/left ventricle ratio, tricuspid regurgitation velocity, the Tei index and the inferior vena cava diameter in the sub-PE group increased significantly ( P<0.05), and right ventricular wall motion amplitude, right atrium area rate, right ventricular area rate, tricuspid annulus systolic displacement, collapse rate of inferior vena cava and pulmonary artery blood flow acceleration time decreased significantly ( P<0.05); ③Fifteen ultrasonic parameters were used in the ultrasonic scale. The scale in sub-PE group of the testing set was significantly increased compared with that in small-PE group (11.63±3.87 vs 4.43±1.96, P<0.001). ROC showed that the AUC in diagnosing sub-PE by ultrasonic scale was 0.96. When the cut-off value was 6.5, the sensitivity and specificity were 90.00% and 83.33%, respectively. Conclusions:The novel ultrasonic scale can provide a comprehensive and feasible ultrasound imaging method for evaluation of sub-PE.

Objective To evaluate the effect of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy MoodGYM on adolescents and college students with depression symptoms through Meta-analysis. Methods Databases as Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Database, China National Knowledge Internet and Wanfang were searched from their establishment to January 2017 for collecting randomized controlled trails and clinical controlled trails about MoodGYM for adolescents and college students with depression symptoms. Two reviewers independently selected studies,extracted data and assessed risk of bias.RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform Meat-analysis. Results Seven studies involving 1 632 participants were included.The results of Meta-analysis showed that the score of depression, anxiety and negative automatic thoughts in MoodGYM arm was lower than control arm, the statistic results: standardized mean difference=-0.45, 95% CI-0.82--0.07, P=0.02;mean difference=-7.36,95% CI-11.88--2.85,P=0.001;mean difference=-18.06,95% CI-26.44--9.68, P<0.01, the difference between experiment arm and control arm was significant. Conclusions MoodGYM can contribute to improve depression, anxiety and negative automatic thought of adolescents and college students. This intervention should be further examined by high-quality, large-sample randomized controlled trails.