Objective: To systematically compare the types and contents of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in purplish-brown and yellow-brown Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, and to provide a scientific basis for their rapid identification and quality evaluation.
Methods: Headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) was employed to determine the VOCs in two colored samples. GC-IMS spectra and fingerprint profiles were established, and chemometric methods including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to visualize the differences in volatile components.
Results: A total of 44 VOCs were identified, including 1 aldehyde, 9 esters, 10 ketones, 2 enals, 14 alcohols, 3 acids, 2 furans, 1 disulfide, and 2 hydrocarbons. Alcohols and esters were the main volatile components. The fingerprint profiles showed high consistency within groups but significant differences between groups. Both PCA and PLS-DA effectively distinguished the two sample types. Compounds such as pentanol, methyl butyrate, 2-ethylfuran, 2-hexanol, and 2-methylpropenal were identified as key markers for differentiation.
Conclusion: HS-GC-IMS combined with chemometrics accurately distinguishes the volatile compounds of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen with different colors. This method is rapid, sensitive, and suitable for quality control and rapid authentication of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen.

Objective:To investigate the application value of the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS) in China and establish a formula specifically designed to assess the risk for 30-day mortality after surgery for hip fracture patients in China.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 824 hip fracture patients who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from August 2019 to May 2022. There were 312 males and 512 females with a median age of 73 (63, 82) years. The clinical data were compared between patients with different survival outcomes. The 30-day mortality was calculated by the formula according to the patients' NHFS, and compared with the actual one to validate the effectiveness of the original prediction model. The patients were divided into a training group ( n=577) and a validation group ( n=247). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to establish a new prediction model for the patients in the training group. The discrimination, calibration, and clinical effectiveness of the predictive model were assessed in both the training and validation groups. Results:Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age (≥86 years old) ( OR=3.775, 95% CI: 1.099 to 12.972, P=0.035), male ( OR=3.151, 95% CI: 1.574 to 6.306, P=0.001), admission hemoglobin concentration ≤100 g/L ( OR=2.402, 95% CI: 1.189 to 4.850, P=0.015), dependence on others for care before admission ( OR=2.673, 95% CI: 1.298 to 5.505, P=0.008), and comorbidities ≥2 ( OR=4.988, 95% CI: 1.874 to 13.274, P=0.001) were identified as risk factors for postoperative 30-day mortality (all P<0.05). In validation of the original prediction model, the C-index was found to be 0.764, indicating good discrimination. However, there was a significant discrepancy between the mortality forecast by the original prediction model and the actual mortality ( P<0.05), indicating poor calibration. After the prediction model was recalibrated, 30-day mortality (%) = 100/[1 + e (5.818-NHFS×0.599)]. After the new prediction model was validated in both the training and validation groups, the C-indexes were 0.762 and 0.780, indicating a good level of discrimination. The predicted 30-day mortality by the prediction model was closely aligned with the actual mortality ( P>0.05), demonstrating good calibration. When the threshold probabilities of the training and the validation groups were 0 to 26% and 0 to 35%, respectively, the patients might benefit from clinical intervention, showing clinical effectiveness of the model. Conclusions:The NHFS can predict the risk for 30-day mortality after hip fracture surgery. The new NHFS prediction model after calibration has a good predictive value for 30-day mortality after hip fracture surgery in Chinese population.

Global warming caused by the increasing CO2 concentration in atmosphere is a serious problem in the international political, economic, scientific and environmental fields in recent years. Intensive carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies have been developed for a feasible system to remove CO2 from industrial exhaust gases especially for combustion flue gas. In these technologies, the biofixation of CO2 by microalgae has the potential to diminish CO2 and produce the biomass. In this review, the current status focusing on biofixation of CO2 from combustion flue gases by microalgae including the selection of microalgal species and effect of flue gas conditions, the development of high efficient photobioreactor and the application of microalgae and its biomass product were reviewed and summarized. Finally, the perspectives of the technology were also discussed.
Air Pollutants ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Air Pollution ; prevention & control ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Carbon Dioxide ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Microalgae ; metabolism ; Photochemistry

Object To study the botanic characteristics of leaves from three plants of Goniothalamus (Bl.) Hook. f. et Thoms. in order to correctly distinguish them from numerous plants of the genus, which are important resource of anticancer medicine.Methods The maceration method and paraffin method were used to study the epidermis and structures of leaves from G. griffithii Hook. f. et Thoms., G. leiocarpus (W. T. Wang) P. T. Li and G. yunnanensis W. T. Wang. Results Three leaves were morphologically similar in the structure, but there were some anatomical differences among them. For example, the absence of druses in the epidermis and the presence of fibrous sclereids in the lamina mesophyll of leaves from G. griffithii, while the presence of druses in epidermis and the absence of fibrous sclereids in lamina mesophyll of the leaves from G. griffithii and G. yunnanensis were observed. In addition, epidermal hairs of G. griffithii were composed of three cells, stomatas were always normal, there were seven oil cells and 25 mucilage cells per mm leaf width in lamina mesophyll and the vascular tissue of the midrib consisting of ten small bundles. However, epidermal hairs of G. yunnanensis were composed of two cells, many abortive stomatas were present at the distal surface, there were only four oil cells and 16 mucilage cells per mm leaf width and the vascular tissue of the midrib consisted of 12 small bundles.Conclusion Three species were easily identified on the basis of epidermal and structural characters of the leaves of them.