Stroke, a major cerebrovascular disease, has high morbidity and mortality. Effective methods to reduce the risk and improve the prognosis are lacking. Currently, uric acid (UA) is associated with the pathological mechanism, prognosis, and therapy of stroke. UA plays pro/anti-oxidative and pro-inflammatory roles in vivo. The specific role of UA in stroke, which may have both neuroprotective and damaging effects, remains unclear. There is a U-shaped association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and ischemic stroke (IS). UA therapy provides neuroprotection during reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Urate-lowering therapy (ULT) plays a protective role in IS with hyperuricemia or gout. SUA levels are associated with the cerebrovascular injury mechanism, risk, and outcomes of hemorrhagic stroke. In this review, we summarize the current research on the role of UA in stroke, providing potential targets for its prediction and treatment.
Humans ; Uric Acid/metabolism* ; Stroke/drug therapy* ; Animals ; Hyperuricemia/drug therapy* ; Ischemic Stroke/blood* ; Biomarkers/blood*

Objective:To analyze the efficacy of endoscopic nasal surgery for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) with orbital invasion, the factors affecting the prognosis of patients, and the treatment strategies for preserving the eyeball.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study, including 60 cases of SNSCC with orbital invasion treated in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from October 2009 to October 2019. The cohort comprised 39 males and 21 females, aged 33-72 years. Orbital invasion was graded: Grade Ⅰ (destruction of the orbital bone wall), Grade Ⅱ (involvement of the periorbita/orbital fascia, extraconal fat, or medial lacrimal sac), and Grade Ⅲ (involvement of extraocular muscles, eyeball, orbital apex, or optic nerve). All cases underwent multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT), including otolaryngology, ophthalmology and oncology radiotherapy departments, and endoscopic nasal surgery. Survival curves were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method, Log-rank test and Cox risk model were used for univariate and multivariate analysis, respectively.Results:Primary tumor sites were maxillary sinus in 19 cases (31.7%, including 6 cases of pterygopalatine fossa), ethmoid sinus in 25 cases (41.7%, 5 cases with skull base bone involvement but not dura mater), nasal cavity in 11 cases (18.3%), frontal sinus in 3 cases (5.0%), and sphenoid sinus in 2 cases (3.3%). Clinical stages included stage Ⅲ in 53 (88.3%) and stage Ⅳ in 7 (11.7%). The surgical methods of orbital invasion cases were as follows: 18 cases (30.0%) of grade I underwent orbital bone wall resection with orbital fascia and orbital contents preserved; 36 cases (60.0%) in Grade Ⅱ were resected the involved orbital fascia, extra-cone fat and lacrimal sac and preserved the internal cone structure of extra-ocular muscle. Six cases (10.0%) were grade Ⅲ, of which 2 cases were subjected to selective extraocular muscle resection with preserving eyeballs, and 4 cases were subjected to orbital contents removal. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of all patients were 76.7% and 63.3%, respectively, and the 5-year survival rate of the local recurrence-free group was significantly higher than that of the recurrence group (69.4% vs. 36.4%, χ2=3.91, P=0.048). The 5-year survival rates were significantly negatively correlated with the degrees of orbital invasions (83.3% for grade Ⅰ, 58.3% for grade Ⅱ and 33.3% for grade Ⅲ, ( χ2=10.49, P=0.005). The effects of T stages (66.7% in stage T3 vs. 33.3% in stage T4, χ2=7.21, P=0.007) and clinical stages (67.9% in stage III vs. 28.6% in stage IV, χ2=11.80, P=0.001) on survival rates were statistically significant. The 5-year survival rate of patients with cervical lymph node metastases was significantly lower than that of patients without metastasis (37.5% vs. 67.3%, χ2=8.32, P=0.004). The tumor-free survival rate was 56.7%. Cox multivariate analysis identified T stage [ HR=3.53 (95% CI: 1.31-9.52)] and clinical stage [ HR=35.14 (95% CI: 1.88-658.62)] as independent prognostic factors (both P<0.05). Conclusions:The outcomes of patients with orbital invasion in SNSCC are associated with T stage and clinical stage. If the muscle cone and the structures within the muscle cone are not invaded, eye-preserving surgery is feasible.

Objective: To assess the nutritional supply status of school meals for primary and secondary school students in Henan Province, so as to provide a basis for scientific guidance of school meals. Methods: During 2021-2023, 115 lunch and dinner samples were collected from 25 primary and secondary schools in Zhoukou, Anyang and Luoyang of Henan Province by a direct selection method, and 13 nutrients were determined for each sample. The nutrient supply was evaluated based on Nutrition Guidelines of School Meals and Reference Intake of Dietary Nutrients for Chinese Residents (2023 Edition). Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences of nutritional supply between urban and rural schools. Results: The median values for energy (709.77 kcal,1 kcal=4.18 kJ), fat energy supply ratio (0.27) and carbohydrate energy supply ratio (0.55) in the 66 lunches and dinners from primary school were within the recommended range. The supply of protein (28.39 g) and sodium (1 464.59 mg) was excessive. The median values of zinc (2.62 mg) and dietary fiber (5.19 g) were lower than the reference values. No statistically significant differences were observed in the supply of 13 nutrients between urban and rural primary schools( U = 427.00 -633.00, P > 0.05 ). Among 49 samples from secondary schools, the median value of energy supply (930.02 kcal), carbohydrate energy ratio ( 0.54 ) and fat energy supply ratio(0.25) were within the recommended range; and the median values of protein (38.82 g) and sodium (2 556.80 mg) were higher than the standard; and the median values of calcium (250.32 mg) and vitamin B1 (0.16 mg) were lower than the standard. Additionally, the differences in the level of vitamin B2 ( U =372.00) and zinc ( U =375.00) between the urban and rural secondary schools were statistically significant ( P <0.05). Conclusion Nutrient supply of primary and secondary school meals in three cities of Henan Province is inadequate and imbalanced, and the recipe need to be further optimized and improved.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the differential expression of CXC chemokine receptor 1(CXCR1)in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)and its correlation with neutrophil infiltration.METHODS A total of 60 CRS patients with nasal polyps(CRSwNP group),30 CRS patients without nasal polyps(CRSsNP group),and 30 patients with deviated nasal septum(control group)were enrolled in this study.ELISA,immunohistochemistry,and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were employed to measure CXCR1 expression levels.Correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between CXCR1 expression,neutrophil infiltration,and clinical symptom scores.RESULTS CXCR1 was highly expressed in both tissues and serum of CRSwNP patients.Serum CXCR1 levels showed positive correlations with peripheral blood neutrophil counts(r=0.363,P=0.004 4),neutrophil percentage(r=0.323,P=0.011 7),visual analog scale(VAS)score(r=0.328,P=0.010 5),Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score(r=0.331,P=0.009 9),and Lund-Mackay CT score(r=0.262,P=0.045 0).Tissue CXCR1 levels were positively correlated with tissue neutrophil counts(r=0.506,P=0.011 6)and percentage(r=0.564,P=0.004 1).CONCLUSION CXCR1 is highly expressed in CRSwNP patients,and its expression level is positively correlated with the degree of neutrophil infiltration and clinical symptom scores.Higher CXCR1 levels are associated with increased neutrophil migration in both serum and tissues,as well as more severe clinical symptoms.

Spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome is currently the most prevalent TCM pattern in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), with internal damp-heat accumulation regarded as a key factor contributing to its prolonged and refractory course. This syndrome represents a critical stage in the progressive pathogenesis of CAG, characterized by a deepening pathological evolution. Modern TCM practitioners generally agree that its core pathogenesis lies in "deficiency in root and excess in superficiality, with internal damp-heat retention", and emphasize a treatment strategy that combines eliminating pathogenic factors and reinforcing the body's healthy qi through dynamic syndrome differentiation. Chinese materia medica used in treating CAG with spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome can effectively relieve clinical symptoms, improve the internal damp-heat environment, mitigate gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, and delay the inflammation-to-cancer transformation. Its mechanisms may involve eradication of Helicobacter pylori, repair of gastric mucosal injury, regulation of immune inflammatory response and other aspects, which has the advantages of multi-channel and multi-target.

Objective:To investigate the role of microglial polarization modulated by triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2/insulin-like growth factor-1(TREM2/IGF-1) in hypertensive model mice exposed to diesel exhaust particulate matter (DPM), with a focus on its implications for anxious- and depressive-like behaviors.Methods:SPF-grade male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the control group, the hypertension group, the DPM group, and the hypertension+ DPM group according to the principle of weight-matching, with 10 mice in each group. The hypertension model was established by intraperitoneal injection of angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ) in hypertension group and hypertension+ DPM group, and mice in the control group and DPM group were intraperitoneally injected with an equivalent amount of 0.9% NaCl solution.DPM suspension was instilled into the nasal cavity of the mice in DPM group and hypertension+ DPM group(1 μg/μL, 10 μL, once a day for 56 days).Behavioral tests, including the sucrose preference test, tail suspension test, elevated plus maze test, and open field test, were conducted to evaluate anxious- and depressive-like behaviors.TREM2-overexpressing BV2 cell model was established through plasmid transfection technology.Western blot was applied to measure the protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, Arg-1, TREM2 and IGF-1.SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA was used for comparison among multiple groups, and LSD- t test was used for post-hoc testing. Results:(1)There were statistically significant differences in the sucrose preference rate, immobility time in the tail suspension test, percentage of time and number of entries into the open arms in the elevated plus maze, as well as the total distance, percentage of time spent in the central area in the open field test among the four groups of mice( F=22.82, 21.60, 36.17, 20.99, 5.85, 13.24, all P<0.01).The sucrose preference rate, percentage of time spent in the open arms, percentage of number of entries into the open arms, total distance and percentage of time spent in the central area of the DPM group and the hypertension group were lower than those of the control group( P<0.05), while the immobility time of the two group was higher than that of the control group( P<0.05). The sucrose preference rate((55.62±4.46)%) and percentage of time spent in the open arms((4.17±0.62)%) of the hypertension+ DPM group were lower than those of the DPM group((60.78±3.21)%, (6.44±0.89)%) and the hypertension group((66.26±4.25)%, (6.53±1.29)%)(all P<0.05), while the immobility time((155.42±12.50)s) was higher than that of the DPM group((129.03±5.43)s) and the hypertension group((129.28±10.55)s)(both P<0.05).(2)Western blot analysis revealed statistically significant differences in protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, Arg-1, and TREM2/IGF-1 in the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC) among the four experimental groups( F=12.23, 10.51, 33.89, 145.40, 11.85, 15.56, 33.11, all P<0.05).The hypertension+ DPM group demonstrated significantly higher protein expression of IL-1β and IL-6 compared to the hypertension group (all P<0.05). Relative to the hypertension+ DPM group, TNF-α and iNOS protein expression was elevated in both the hypertension group and DPM group, whereas Arg-1 protein expression was lower in the hypertension group(all P<0.05). Additionally, TREM2 and IGF-1 protein expression in the hypertension and DPM groups were lower than those in the control group but higher than those in the hypertension+ DPM group(all P<0.05).(3)The protein expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in BV2 cells of the DPM+ AngⅡ-TREM2 overexpression group were lower than those of the DPM+ AngⅡ group. The expression of iNOS was lower than that in the DPM+ AngⅡ group, while the expression of Arg-1 was higher than that in the DPM+ AngⅡ group(all P<0.05). Conclusion:DPM exposure aggravates anxious- and depressive-like behaviors in hypertensive model mice, with TREM2/IGF-1-regulated microglial polarization playing a significant role in this process.

Objective:To investigate the role of microglial polarization modulated by triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2/insulin-like growth factor-1(TREM2/IGF-1) in hypertensive model mice exposed to diesel exhaust particulate matter (DPM), with a focus on its implications for anxious- and depressive-like behaviors.Methods:SPF-grade male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the control group, the hypertension group, the DPM group, and the hypertension+ DPM group according to the principle of weight-matching, with 10 mice in each group. The hypertension model was established by intraperitoneal injection of angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ) in hypertension group and hypertension+ DPM group, and mice in the control group and DPM group were intraperitoneally injected with an equivalent amount of 0.9% NaCl solution.DPM suspension was instilled into the nasal cavity of the mice in DPM group and hypertension+ DPM group(1 μg/μL, 10 μL, once a day for 56 days).Behavioral tests, including the sucrose preference test, tail suspension test, elevated plus maze test, and open field test, were conducted to evaluate anxious- and depressive-like behaviors.TREM2-overexpressing BV2 cell model was established through plasmid transfection technology.Western blot was applied to measure the protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, Arg-1, TREM2 and IGF-1.SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA was used for comparison among multiple groups, and LSD- t test was used for post-hoc testing. Results:(1)There were statistically significant differences in the sucrose preference rate, immobility time in the tail suspension test, percentage of time and number of entries into the open arms in the elevated plus maze, as well as the total distance, percentage of time spent in the central area in the open field test among the four groups of mice( F=22.82, 21.60, 36.17, 20.99, 5.85, 13.24, all P<0.01).The sucrose preference rate, percentage of time spent in the open arms, percentage of number of entries into the open arms, total distance and percentage of time spent in the central area of the DPM group and the hypertension group were lower than those of the control group( P<0.05), while the immobility time of the two group was higher than that of the control group( P<0.05). The sucrose preference rate((55.62±4.46)%) and percentage of time spent in the open arms((4.17±0.62)%) of the hypertension+ DPM group were lower than those of the DPM group((60.78±3.21)%, (6.44±0.89)%) and the hypertension group((66.26±4.25)%, (6.53±1.29)%)(all P<0.05), while the immobility time((155.42±12.50)s) was higher than that of the DPM group((129.03±5.43)s) and the hypertension group((129.28±10.55)s)(both P<0.05).(2)Western blot analysis revealed statistically significant differences in protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, Arg-1, and TREM2/IGF-1 in the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC) among the four experimental groups( F=12.23, 10.51, 33.89, 145.40, 11.85, 15.56, 33.11, all P<0.05).The hypertension+ DPM group demonstrated significantly higher protein expression of IL-1β and IL-6 compared to the hypertension group (all P<0.05). Relative to the hypertension+ DPM group, TNF-α and iNOS protein expression was elevated in both the hypertension group and DPM group, whereas Arg-1 protein expression was lower in the hypertension group(all P<0.05). Additionally, TREM2 and IGF-1 protein expression in the hypertension and DPM groups were lower than those in the control group but higher than those in the hypertension+ DPM group(all P<0.05).(3)The protein expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in BV2 cells of the DPM+ AngⅡ-TREM2 overexpression group were lower than those of the DPM+ AngⅡ group. The expression of iNOS was lower than that in the DPM+ AngⅡ group, while the expression of Arg-1 was higher than that in the DPM+ AngⅡ group(all P<0.05). Conclusion:DPM exposure aggravates anxious- and depressive-like behaviors in hypertensive model mice, with TREM2/IGF-1-regulated microglial polarization playing a significant role in this process.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy of endoscopic nasal surgery for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) with orbital invasion, the factors affecting the prognosis of patients, and the treatment strategies for preserving the eyeball.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study, including 60 cases of SNSCC with orbital invasion treated in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from October 2009 to October 2019. The cohort comprised 39 males and 21 females, aged 33-72 years. Orbital invasion was graded: Grade Ⅰ (destruction of the orbital bone wall), Grade Ⅱ (involvement of the periorbita/orbital fascia, extraconal fat, or medial lacrimal sac), and Grade Ⅲ (involvement of extraocular muscles, eyeball, orbital apex, or optic nerve). All cases underwent multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT), including otolaryngology, ophthalmology and oncology radiotherapy departments, and endoscopic nasal surgery. Survival curves were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method, Log-rank test and Cox risk model were used for univariate and multivariate analysis, respectively.Results:Primary tumor sites were maxillary sinus in 19 cases (31.7%, including 6 cases of pterygopalatine fossa), ethmoid sinus in 25 cases (41.7%, 5 cases with skull base bone involvement but not dura mater), nasal cavity in 11 cases (18.3%), frontal sinus in 3 cases (5.0%), and sphenoid sinus in 2 cases (3.3%). Clinical stages included stage Ⅲ in 53 (88.3%) and stage Ⅳ in 7 (11.7%). The surgical methods of orbital invasion cases were as follows: 18 cases (30.0%) of grade I underwent orbital bone wall resection with orbital fascia and orbital contents preserved; 36 cases (60.0%) in Grade Ⅱ were resected the involved orbital fascia, extra-cone fat and lacrimal sac and preserved the internal cone structure of extra-ocular muscle. Six cases (10.0%) were grade Ⅲ, of which 2 cases were subjected to selective extraocular muscle resection with preserving eyeballs, and 4 cases were subjected to orbital contents removal. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of all patients were 76.7% and 63.3%, respectively, and the 5-year survival rate of the local recurrence-free group was significantly higher than that of the recurrence group (69.4% vs. 36.4%, χ2=3.91, P=0.048). The 5-year survival rates were significantly negatively correlated with the degrees of orbital invasions (83.3% for grade Ⅰ, 58.3% for grade Ⅱ and 33.3% for grade Ⅲ, ( χ2=10.49, P=0.005). The effects of T stages (66.7% in stage T3 vs. 33.3% in stage T4, χ2=7.21, P=0.007) and clinical stages (67.9% in stage III vs. 28.6% in stage IV, χ2=11.80, P=0.001) on survival rates were statistically significant. The 5-year survival rate of patients with cervical lymph node metastases was significantly lower than that of patients without metastasis (37.5% vs. 67.3%, χ2=8.32, P=0.004). The tumor-free survival rate was 56.7%. Cox multivariate analysis identified T stage [ HR=3.53 (95% CI: 1.31-9.52)] and clinical stage [ HR=35.14 (95% CI: 1.88-658.62)] as independent prognostic factors (both P<0.05). Conclusions:The outcomes of patients with orbital invasion in SNSCC are associated with T stage and clinical stage. If the muscle cone and the structures within the muscle cone are not invaded, eye-preserving surgery is feasible.

Objective: To assess the exposure levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and aluminum in the diets of residents in Henan Province, so as to provide the basis for strengthening food safety supervision. Methods: Six sampling points were selected using stratified random sampling method in Henan Province, including Hebi City, Xiangfu District of Kaifeng City, Jianxi District of Luoyang City, Yuzhou City, Baofeng County and Tanghe County. Food samples were collected and processed into mixed samples of 12 major food categories. The levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and aluminum in the samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Dietary consumption information in Henan Province was collected. The dietary exposure risks of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and aluminum were analyzed using the point estimation method and distribution point estimation method, based on the health guidance values of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives and the margin of exposure (MOE) as the assessment criteria. Results: The dietary exposure level of lead among residents in Henan Province was 41.89 μg/d, which was equivalent to 18.62% of its provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), with cereals and vegetables being the main sources; the MOE values of lead among residents aged 2 to <7 years and 7 to <13 years were both less than 1. The dietary exposure level of cadmium was 10.79 μg/d, which was equivalent to 20.55% of the provisional monthly tolerable intake, with cereals and vegetables being the main sources. The dietary exposure level of total mercury was 0.45 μg/d, which was equivalent to 1.25% of its PTWI, with cereals, vegetables, and water and beverage categories being the main sources; the dietary exposure level of methylmercury was 0.04 μg/d, which was equivalent to 0.28% of its PTWI, and it was entirely derived from aquatic products. The dietary exposure level of total arsenic was 26.65 μg/d, which was equivalent to 0.89% of the daily allowable intake, with cereals and vegetables being the main sources; the dietary exposure level of inorganic arsenic was 8.41 μg/d, which was equivalent to 6.23% of its PTWI, with an MOE value of 22.47. The dietary exposure level of aluminum was 8.27 mg/d, which was equivalent to 45.94% of its PTWI, with cereals and tubers being the main sources; the P90 and P97.5 of dietary aluminum exposure among residents aged 2 to <7 years and 7 to <13 years were both greater than PTWI. Conclusion The overall dietary exposure risks of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and aluminum among residents in Henan Province are relatively low.

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic characteristics of laparoscopic repair in children with ure-terovesical junction malformation through internal or external bladder.Methods:From February 2018 to August 2019, 29 cases of hydronephrosis combined with ureter expansion treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, with 17 boys and 12 girls confirmed through the preoperative examinations.Inspection results revealed 15 cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction, 12 cases of vesicoureteral reflux, and 2 cases of single ectopic ureter.Totally, 21 cases were treated by pneumovesical laparoscopic Cohen means, including 17 unilateral cases and 4 bilateral cases, 5 cases of ureterocele, and 8 cases of ureteral clipping.A total of 8 cases were treated by laparoscopic Lich -Gregoir surgical treatment, including 7 unilateral cases and 1 bilateral case.Meanwhile, 4 cases of ureteral clipping were performed among them.There was 1 case of duplex kidney with the ectopic upper ureter outside iliac blood vessels, 1 case of bilateral cryptorchidism and 1 case of unilateral cryptorchidism.Ureteral stents were implanted for those with ureteral tailoring.The catheters were removed 7 days after operation, and the indwelling ureteral stents were removed by cystoscope under general anesthesia after about 6 weeks.Results:All the cases with hydronephrosis and ureteral dilatation were completed in laparoscopic surgery, without open surgery or blood transfusion, 21 cases were treated by pneumovesical laparoscopic Cohen means, with the average time being 1.8 hours in unilateral side and 2.8 hours in bilateral sides.At the same time, 8 cases were treated by laparoscopic Lich-Gregoir means, with the unilateral average time being 1.7 hours and bilateral time being 3.0 hours.All cases were followed up at an average month of 9 (4-20 months), and all children underwent voiding cystourethrography 4 months after the operations.The voiding cystourethrogram(VCUG) of all the cases was confirmed successfully, with only 1 case of vesicoureteral reflux in level Ⅲ, and their hydronephrosis were relieved.There was no vesicoureteral reflux in the others.The short-term urinary retention occurred in 1 patient with bilateral ureteral reimplantation in Lich-Gregoir group, and the symptom disappeared after 1 week of indwelling catheterization.Among them, 1 patient in Cohen group had hematuria that disappeared gradually for 4 days after surgery.There were no significant differences in operation time and postoperative recovery between the two groups.The length of hospital stay in laparoscopic Lich -Gregoir group was slightly longer than that in pneumovesical laparoscopic Cohen group.Conclusions:As for children with ureterovesical junction malformation, laparoscopic Lich-Gregoir surgery is suitable for the ectopia of ureter opening, overexpansion of ureter, and other abdominal malformation complicated and expansive ureter without tortuosity.Pneumovesical laparoscopic Cohen surgery is suitable for hydronephrosis and ureteral expansion with ureterocele, especially with the symptom of dysuria, and ureteral tortuosity obviously.The two ways are safe and reliable, and the advantages and disadvantages should be weighed before being chosen.