Objective To investigate the effect of tritiated water on the immune system of zebrafish and its potential molecular mechanism. Methods Zebrafish embryos (2.5 to 3 hours post-fertilization [hpf]) were exposed to 3.7 × 10⁴ Bq/mL tritiated water (tritiated water group), and those exposed to E3 culture medium were used as the control group. The mortality rate, hatching rate, deformity rate, heart rate, body length, yolk sac area, neutrophil count in the tail, immune-related gene expression, and immune-related protein expression of zebrafish in the two groups were determined. Then transcriptome technology was used to further analyze the possible mechanism of tritiated water affecting the immune system of zebrafish. Results Compared with the control group, zebrafish at 72 hpf in the tritiated water group had no significant changes in the mortality rate, hatching rate, deformity rate, body length, and yolk sac area((t = 0.9045, 0.5000, 1.0000, 0.7238, 0.0337, P = 0.4169, 0.6433, 0.3739, 0.4785, 0.9735), but had significantly increased heart rate(t = 4.575，P = 0.002). At 4 days post-fertilization (dpf), the neutrophil count in the tail of zebrafish in the tritiated water group was significantly increased(t = 2.563，P = 0.0196), the mRNA expression of TNF-α was significantly decreased(t = 2.891, P = 0.045), the protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was significantly increased(t = 3.848, P = 0.018), and the protein expression of NLRP3 was significantly decreased(t = 14.98, P = 0.001). At 7 dpf, the neutrophil count in the tail and the protein expression levels of NF-κB, NLRP3, and interleukin-1β were significantly decreased(t = 3.772, 7.048, 15.620, 4.423, P = 0.014, 0.002, 0.0001, 0.012). Transcriptome sequencing revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the “neutrophil activation” and “platelet activation pathways” at 4 dpf and in the “neutrophil apoptosis”, “ferroptosis”, and “necroptosis” pathways at 7 dpf. Conclusion Tritiated water exposure induces a temporally dynamic immune response in zebrafish, potentially affecting immune homeostasis by regulating neutrophil activation and apoptosis, as well as the expression of NF-κB and NLRP3.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the global disease burden of cervical cancer and the association between screening coverage and the quality of disease management. METHODS: The data of global burden of cervical cancer 2021 and the data of cervical cancer screening 2019 were obtained from IHME Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and the WHO global health observatory, respectively. The age-standardized disease burden index was calculated, the quality of care index (QCI) was determined with principal component analysis, and the correlation between QCI and cervical cancer screening coverage was examined with linear regression analysis by regions and populations. RESULTS: The burden of cervical cancer and the quality of management exhibited significant variability across countries with differing levels of social development. The indicators of cervical cancer burden in China were close to the average level of countries with higher socio-demographic index (SDI). The global QCI was 22.22 (10.50, 35.43), and that of China was 26.30. The global screening coverage rate for cervical cancer was 42% (12%, 86%) and that in China was 31%. After adjusting for the social development level of countries, the coverage level of cervical cancer screening was associated with QCI (β=0.27, P<0.01), with no difference between low and high SDI countries (P>0.05). The association was significantly stronger among 25-30 years old women (β=1.48, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There are discrepancies in both the disease burden of cervical cancer and the quality of disease management among countries with different socioeconomic levels, and there is still considerable room for improvement in China. Expanding coverage of cervical cancer screening may be an effective strategy to enhance the management quality of cervical cancer, particularly among younger women where the screening benefits are most pronounced.
Humans ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Female ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Global Burden of Disease ; China/epidemiology* ; Mass Screening ; Quality of Health Care ; Disease Management ; Adult ; Middle Aged

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells(CD4+CD25+Treg)and soluble CD30(sCD30)in peripheral blood of lymphoma patients.Methods A total of 83 lymphoma patients admitted to Beijing Aerospace General Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects,and their peripheral blood CD4+CD25+Treg and sCD30 expressions were statistically analyzed.Spearman analysis was used to investigate the correlation between peripheral blood CD4+CD25+Treg and sCD30 expressions and bone marrow infiltration.At the same time,the research subjects were divided into an infection group(n=26)and a non-infection group(n=57)according to the presence or absence of infection after rituximab chemotherapy.The expressions and differences of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+Treg and sCD30 in the two groups were compared,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and area under the curve(AUC)were used to analyze the predictive efficacy.Results The expression of CD4+CD25+Treg and sCD30 in peripheral blood of patients with bone marrow infiltration was higher than that of patients without bone marrow infiltration in the research group(P<0.05);the expression of CD4+CD25+Treg and sCD30 in peripheral blood of lymphoma patients was positively correlated with bone marrow infiltration(r=0.612,0.634,P<0.05);the expression of Tregs and sCD30 in peripheral blood of the infection group after chemotherapy was higher than that of the non-infection group,and the difference was higher than that of the non-infection group(P<0.05);the ROC curve showed that the combined prediction of the difference of CD4+CD25+Treg and sCD30 in peripheral blood for the infection after chemotherapy in lymphoma patients had an AUC of 0.916(0.834～0.965),which was superior to single prediction.Conclusion The high expression of CD4+CD25+Treg and sCD30 in peripheral blood of lymphoma patients is positively correlated with bone marrow infiltration.Combined testing can improve the predictive efficacy of infection after chemotherapy and guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.