OBJECTIVES: To explore the mechanisms of Qingre Lidan Jiedu Recipe (QLJR) for improving cognitive dysfunction in rats with high copper load. METHODS: Seventy-five male SD rats were randomized into normal control group, model group, QLJR group, penicillamine (PCA) group, and QLJR+ PCA group. Except for those in the control group, all the rats were fed a high-copper diet for 12 weeks. The effects of the treatments on cognitive function of the rats were assessed using the Barnes maze and passive avoidance tests. Hippocampal expressions of NIX, FUNDC1 and LC3 of the rats were detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, and changes in mitochondrial morphology were observed with transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Behavioral tests showed prolonged target hole latency, shortened latency to enter the dark chamber, and increased error counts of the rats in the model group, which were significantly improved in QLJR+PCA group; the error counts were significantly lower in QLJR+PCA group than in either QLJR or PCA group. Among all the groups, the hippocampal expressions of NIX and FUNDC1 were the lowest and LC3 I/II expression the highest in the model group; NIX and FUNDC1 expressions were significantly higher and LC3 I expression was lower in QLJR+PCA group than in QLJR group and PCA group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed weakened NIX and FUNDC1 expressions and enhanced LC3 expression in the hippocampus of the rats in the model group as compared with those in the normal control and QLJR+PCA groups, but their expressions did not differ significantly between QLJR and PCA groups. The rats in the model group showed obvious structural disarray of the mitochondria, which were improved in all the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS QLJR improves cognitive dysfunction in rats with high copper load possibly by regulating mitophagy.
Animals ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Copper/toxicity* ; Mitophagy/drug effects* ; Hippocampus/drug effects* ; Cognition Disorders/drug therapy* ; Cognitive Dysfunction/chemically induced*

Objective To explore the mechanisms of Qingre Lidan Jiedu Recipe(QLJR)for improving cognitive dysfunction in rats with high copper load.Methods Seventy-five male SD rats were randomized into normal control group,model group,QLJR group,penicillamine(PCA)group,and QLJR+PCA group.Except for those in the control group,all the rats were fed a high-copper diet for 12 weeks.The effects of the treatments on cognitive function of the rats were assessed using the Barnes maze and passive avoidance tests.Hippocampal expressions of NIX,FUNDC1 and LC3 of the rats were detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining,and changes in mitochondrial morphology were observed with transmission electron microscopy.Results Behavioral tests showed prolonged target hole latency,shortened latency to enter the dark chamber,and increased error counts of the rats in the model group,which were significantly improved in QLJR+PCA group;the error counts were significantly lower in QLJR+PCA group than in either QLJR or PCA group.Among all the groups,the hippocampal expressions of NIX and FUNDC1 were the lowest and LC3 I/II expression the highest in the model group;NIX and FUNDC1 expressions were significantly higher and LC3 I expression was lower in QLJR+PCA group than in QLJR group and PCA group.Immunofluorescence staining revealed weakened NIX and FUNDC1 expressions and enhanced LC3 expression in the hippocampus of the rats in the model group as compared with those in the normal control and QLJR+PCA groups,but their expressions did not differ significantly between QLJR and PCA groups.The rats in the model group showed obvious structural disarray of the mitochondria,which were improved in all the treatment groups.Conclusion QLJR improves cognitive dysfunction in rats with high copper load possibly by regulating mitophagy.

Objective To investigate the predictors of chronic pain after inguinal hernia surgery.Methods A total of 400 patients with inguinal hernia surgery in our hospital from August 2018 to May 2023 were selected as the study objects.Visual analog scoring(VSA)was used to evaluate postoperative acute pain within 24 h after surgery.The patients were divided into chronic pain group and non-chronic pain group according to whether chronic pain occurred after surgery.Thirty-seven patients with postoperative pain lasting more than 3 months were in the chronic pain group,and the remaining 363 patients were in the non-chronic pain group.Lasso-Logistic regression was used to analyze the predictors of acute and chronic pain after inguinal hernia surgery.Results Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in age,BMI,smoking history,preoperative groin pain,intraoperative nerve tension or injury,wound infection and postoperative acute pain between the chronic pain group and the non-chronic pain group(P＜0.05).The data were regularized by Lasso regression,and three representative risk factors of chronic postoperative pain,namely preoperative groin pain,intraoperative nerve pulling or injury,and postoperative acute pain,were selected.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that:Preoperative groin pain(OR=2.548,95％CI1.150-5.647),intraoperative nerve tension OR injury(OR=4.435,95％CI2.084-9.436)and postoperative acute pain(OR=2.242,95％CI1.041-4.829)was the factor of chronic pain after operation(P＜0.05).Conclusion Preoperative groin pain,intraoperative nerve pulling or injury,and postoperative acute pain are the factors affecting chronic pain after inguinal hernia.Identifying high-risk groups and taking targeted measures are helpful to prevent and treat chronic pain after inguinal hernia.

Telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT)promoter mutation(TPM)in the TERT gene is one of the most frequent genetic alterations in adult-type diffuse gliomas,particularly in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma and IDH-mu-tant oligodendroglioma with 1p/19q co-deletion.Consequently,the WHO(2021)classification of tumors of the central nervous system incorporates TPM as a key molecular criterion for molecular subtyping and grading,differential diagno-sis,prognosis assessment,and treatment-planning in these gliomas.This article briefly reviews the physiological roles of TERT,the relationship between TPM and gliomagenesis.In order to provide reference for clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the predictors of chronic pain after inguinal hernia surgery.Methods A total of 400 patients with inguinal hernia surgery in our hospital from August 2018 to May 2023 were selected as the study objects.Visual analog scoring(VSA)was used to evaluate postoperative acute pain within 24 h after surgery.The patients were divided into chronic pain group and non-chronic pain group according to whether chronic pain occurred after surgery.Thirty-seven patients with postoperative pain lasting more than 3 months were in the chronic pain group,and the remaining 363 patients were in the non-chronic pain group.Lasso-Logistic regression was used to analyze the predictors of acute and chronic pain after inguinal hernia surgery.Results Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in age,BMI,smoking history,preoperative groin pain,intraoperative nerve tension or injury,wound infection and postoperative acute pain between the chronic pain group and the non-chronic pain group(P＜0.05).The data were regularized by Lasso regression,and three representative risk factors of chronic postoperative pain,namely preoperative groin pain,intraoperative nerve pulling or injury,and postoperative acute pain,were selected.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that:Preoperative groin pain(OR=2.548,95％CI1.150-5.647),intraoperative nerve tension OR injury(OR=4.435,95％CI2.084-9.436)and postoperative acute pain(OR=2.242,95％CI1.041-4.829)was the factor of chronic pain after operation(P＜0.05).Conclusion Preoperative groin pain,intraoperative nerve pulling or injury,and postoperative acute pain are the factors affecting chronic pain after inguinal hernia.Identifying high-risk groups and taking targeted measures are helpful to prevent and treat chronic pain after inguinal hernia.

Telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT)promoter mutation(TPM)in the TERT gene is one of the most frequent genetic alterations in adult-type diffuse gliomas,particularly in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma and IDH-mu-tant oligodendroglioma with 1p/19q co-deletion.Consequently,the WHO(2021)classification of tumors of the central nervous system incorporates TPM as a key molecular criterion for molecular subtyping and grading,differential diagno-sis,prognosis assessment,and treatment-planning in these gliomas.This article briefly reviews the physiological roles of TERT,the relationship between TPM and gliomagenesis.In order to provide reference for clinical practice.

Objective To propose a classification method for ultrasound images of pedicle screw canals based on radiomics analysis,and to evaluate the integrity of the screw canal.Methods With thoracolumbar spine specimens from 4 fresh cadavers,50 pedicle screw canals were pre-established and ultrasound images of the canals were acquired.A total of 2 000 images(1 000 intact and 1 000 damaged canal samples)were selected.The dataset was randomly divided in a 4∶1 ratio using 5-fold cross-validation to form training and testing sets(consisting of 1 600 and 400 samples,respectively).Firstly,the optimal radius of the region of interest was identified using the Otsu's thresholding method,followed by feature extraction using pyradiomics.Principal component analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm were employed for dimensionality reduction and feature selection,respectively.Subsequently,3 machine learning models(support vector machine[SVM],logistic regression,and random forest)and 3 deep learning models(visual geometry group[VGG],ResNet,and Transformer)were used to classify the ultrasound images.The performance of each model was evaluated using accuracy.Results With a region of interest radius of 230 pixels,the SVM model achieved the highest classification accuracy of 96.25%.The accuracy of the VGG model was only 51.29%,while the accuracies of the logistic regression,random forest,ResNet,and Transformer models were 85.50%,80.75%,80.17%,and 75.18%,respectively.Conclusion For ultrasound images of pedicle screw canals,the machine learning model performs better than the deep learning model as a whole,and the SVM model has the best classification performance,which can be used to assist physicians in diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of DNMT3b in human bladder cancer tissues and its correlation with postoperative survival of patients with bladder cancer. METHODS: Thirty-eight pairs of surgically resected human bladder cancer tissues and adjacent bladder tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry for DNMT3b expression, and the correlations of DNMT3b expression level were analyzed with the patients'age, gender, pathological grade, tumor size, T stage, lymph node metastasis and TNM stages. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to assess the effect of DNMT3b expression on survival outcomes of the patients. RESULTS: High DNMT3b protein expression was detected in 63.16% of the bladder cancer tissues and in 13.16% of the adjacent tissues ( < 0.05). The expression level of DNMT3b was associated with the pathological grade (=0.002), tumor size ( < 0.001), T stage ( < 0.001), lymphatic metastasis (=0.039) and TNM stage ( < 0.001), but not with gender or age of the patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the protein expression level of DNMT3b was correlated with tumor size (=0.008) and TNM grades of the tumor (=0.042). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the patients with a high DNMT3b expression had a significantly shorter overall survival than those with a low DNMT3b expression (=0.021). CONCLUSIONS DNMT3b overexpression in bladder cancer is closely related to such clinicopathological factors as pathological grade, tumor size, T stage, lymphatic metastasis, and TNM stage and a shorter overall survival of the patients, suggesting the potential value of DNMT3b as a prognostic marker and a new therapeutic target for bladder cancer.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of new-type stereotaxic apparatus-assisted transfrontal puncture and drainage in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 60 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia who received disposable new-type stereotaxic apparatus-assisted transfrontal insertion with soft tunnels for hematoma aspiration drainage in our hospital from August 2017 to September 2019. The treatment efficacy was analyzed.Results:All patients were successfully punctured at one time; the puncture surface was 5-6.5 cm on the basement plane, where the hematoma surface was the largest; the puncture angle was 10-14°, and the puncture depth was 9-11.5 cm. Fifteen patients were operated within 6 h of hemorrhage, and the intraoperative hematoma clearance rate was about 25%; 40 patients were operated 6-24 h after hemorrhage, and the hematoma clearance rate was about 20%; 5 patients were operated one-3 d after hemorrhage, and the hematoma clearance rate was as high as 30%. The first postoperative re-check CT showed that 51 patients had ideal position of the drainage tube, 2 were too deep, one was too shallow, 2 were below the position, 2 were above the position, one was inside the position, and one was outside the position. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GOS) scores of the patients on 3 rd d of operation (9.88±3.998) were significantly higher than those of the patients before operation (6.24±3.159, P<0.05). One month after the operation, GOS showed that 20 patients (33.3%) had good recovery, 28 (46.7%) had mild disability, 7 (11.7%) had severe disability, 3 (5.0%) had plant survival, and 2 (3.3%) died. Conclusion:The disposable new-type stereotaxic apparatus-assisted transfrontal puncture drainage is easy to be conducted and practicable with a reasonable design, accurate positioning, minimal surgical traumas and satisfactory curative effect.

Objective: To explore the effect of mindfulness traits on sleep quality of college students, and to investigate the mediating mechanism of cognitive emotion regulation and anxiety for mindfulness trait factors, and sleep quality in college students. Methods: Totally 397 college students from five colleges were investigated using Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.SPSS 22.0 version and Bootstrap method were used to analysis data and test intermediate effect. Results: (1)The total score of mindfulness trait and the score of describe, act with awareness and non-judge factors in mindfulness traits were(118.44±9.38), (24.82±3.87), (27.41±5.53) and (25.07±4.60), respectively.The total score of sleep quality was (5.57±2.62), and it was negatively related to the above three factors (r=-0.13--0.37, all P<0.05). (2)Anxiety played a complete mediating role between describe factor and sleep quality.Negative cognitive emotion regulation and anxiety played multiple mediating roles between the total score of mindfulness trait, the act with awareness factor and sleep quality.Negative cognitive emotion regulation and anxiety played a complete chain mediated role between non-judge factor and sleep quality. Conclusion The describe, act with awareness and non-judge factors in mindfulness traits can affect sleep quality through mediation of negative cognitive emotion regulation and / or anxiety.