This paper analyzes current issues in general practitioners (GP) education (e.g., inadequate systems, faculty shortages, misaligned training with community needs, low workforce attractiveness) and proposes strategies for reform in the new development era. Key recommendations include: strengthening academic discipline building in general practice within medical universities; innovating curricula to integrate prevention with treatment and emphasize practical skills; leveraging institutional resources to foster clinician-educator-researcher roles; tailoring training pathways to regional contexts; deepening collaboration between medical education and healthcare delivery systems; and building a robust lifelong learning framework for GPs. Furthermore, the paper details the comprehensive reform initiatives undertaken by Guangzhou Medical University (GMU). These include establishing integrated education platforms spanning university, hospital, and community settings. GMU′s experience offers valuable insights for enhancing GP training quality and scalability in China.

This paper analyzes current issues in general practitioners (GP) education (e.g., inadequate systems, faculty shortages, misaligned training with community needs, low workforce attractiveness) and proposes strategies for reform in the new development era. Key recommendations include: strengthening academic discipline building in general practice within medical universities; innovating curricula to integrate prevention with treatment and emphasize practical skills; leveraging institutional resources to foster clinician-educator-researcher roles; tailoring training pathways to regional contexts; deepening collaboration between medical education and healthcare delivery systems; and building a robust lifelong learning framework for GPs. Furthermore, the paper details the comprehensive reform initiatives undertaken by Guangzhou Medical University (GMU). These include establishing integrated education platforms spanning university, hospital, and community settings. GMU′s experience offers valuable insights for enhancing GP training quality and scalability in China.

In recent years, it has been found that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Rapamycin plays an important role in inflammatory response, cell proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting mTOR. To better understand the application prospects of rapamycin in IBD, this paper reviews the mechanism of action of rapamycin, clinic application and the current application status of rapamycin in IBD.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic non-specific intestinal inflammatory disease with unknown pathogenesis, and some IBD patients do not respond well to conventional medications. Currently, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) can affect intestinal autophagy and inflammation progress through various mechanisms such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TLR4/MAPK/mTOR and AMPK/mTOR. By this way, mTOR can play a significant role in its pathogenesis. Targeting mTOR signaling pathway provides new therapeutic options for IBD. In this article, the mechanisms of mTOR signaling pathway in IBD and the targeted treatment of mTOR signaling pathway for IBD were summarized.

In recent years, it has been found that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Rapamycin plays an important role in inflammatory response, cell proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting mTOR. To better understand the application prospects of rapamycin in IBD, this paper reviews the mechanism of action of rapamycin, clinic application and the current application status of rapamycin in IBD.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic non-specific intestinal inflammatory disease with unknown pathogenesis, and some IBD patients do not respond well to conventional medications. Currently, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) can affect intestinal autophagy and inflammation progress through various mechanisms such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TLR4/MAPK/mTOR and AMPK/mTOR. By this way, mTOR can play a significant role in its pathogenesis. Targeting mTOR signaling pathway provides new therapeutic options for IBD. In this article, the mechanisms of mTOR signaling pathway in IBD and the targeted treatment of mTOR signaling pathway for IBD were summarized.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; drug effects ; Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; drug therapy ; microbiology

Objective To compare the pathogenicity between Ureaplasma urealyticum serotype 1 (Up1)and 8 (Uu8) in the genital tract of BALB/c mice.Methods A total of 48 BALB/c mice were randomly and equally divided into four groups:blank control group receiving no treatment,estradiol group pretreated with intramuscular injection of estradiol followed by intravaginal inoculation with sterial liquid culture media,Up1 and Uu8 groups pretreated with intramuscular injection of estradiol followed by intravaginal inoculation with suspensions of Up1 and Uu8 respectively.Three mice were randomly selected from each group to be sacrificed after the collection of vaginal lavage fluid on day 3,7,14 and 21 after the inoculation.Vaginal and uterine tissue specimens were obtained from these sacrificed mice and underwent hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.Vaginal lavage fluid samples were subjected to culture of Uu and measurement of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).Results No evidences were observed for Uu growth in either the blank control group or estradiol group at any of the time points after the inoculation,with the average level of TNF-α in vaginal lavage fluid being (4.17 ± 0.85) pg/ml at these time points in both groups.Uu grew in all the vaginal lavage fluid samples from the Up1 and Uu8 groups at the four time points,with the color change unit (CCU) value decreasing with time.The level of TNF-α in vaginal lavage fluid peaked on day 14 after the inoculation in the Up 1 ((14.93 ± 1.11) pg/ml) and Uu8 ((27.04 ± 24.26) pg/ml) groups.Both Up1 and Uu8 infection caused acute and chronic inflammatory responses in the mice,which were mainly located in the uterus,and Up1 might cause intrauterine adhesion.Conclusions At the same inoculation concentration,no significant difference is found in the pathogenicity between Up1 and Uu8,both of which appear to mainly cause cervicitis.Upl might be partially responsible for intrauterine adhesion in mice.