Objective:To construct a risk assessment system for measles transmission in Henan Province and scientifically evaluate the risk levels of measles transmission in each city in Henan Province.Methods:The modified Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultations to construct a risk assessment system for measles transmission. Data from all 191 cities, counties and districts in Henan Province were collected. The internal consistency (Cronbach′s α), content validity (content validity index, CVI) and structural validity (factor analysis) of the indicator system were evaluated to optimize the assessment framework. The indicator assignment method was adopted, and the comprehensive risk scores were obtained by adding the scores according to different weights. Results:Both rounds of consultation witnessed a 100% participation rate among all experts. The authority coefficients of experts in the two rounds were 0.920 and 0.925, and concordance coefficients were 0.201 ( χ 2=161.11, P<0.001) and 0.210 ( χ 2=163.80, P<0.001). The constructed assessment system comprised four dimensions—population immunity levels, surveillance quality, importation risk, and technical reserve of emergency response capacities—with a total of 30 indicators. Reliability analysis of the assessment system showed an overall Cronbach′s α of 0.741. Validity analysis revealed that all content validity indices reached 1.000, with principal factors cumulatively accounting for 67.625% of the variance, and all factor loadings exceeded 0.400. The measles transmission risk assessment in Henan Province using this assessment system identified Zhengzhou (92), Xinxiang (91), Xinyang (89), and Pingdingshan (73) as high-risk regions. Conclusion:The risk assessment system developed in this study demonstrates good reliability and validity, effectively reflecting measles transmission risks across Henan Province. The findings highlight the need to strengthen surveillance and control measures in high-risk areas, particularly in Zhengzhou.

In February 2025, a local cluster outbreak caused by the D8 genotype Measles virus (MV) was first discovered in Henan Province. Epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing were conducted, including the collection of serum and throat swabs for MV IgM antibody and nucleic acid detection, virus isolation and genetic homology analysis. Measures such as close contact tracing, vaccination rate assessment and supplementary immunization activities were implemented, successfully preventing broader community transmission. A total of three cases were reported during the outbreak, including one imported-related adolescent and two secondary local adult cases. All cases presented with typical symptoms such as fever and rash. Both adult cases were complicated by pneumonia, with one case developing into severe pneumonia. MV genotyping showed that the two secondary cases were both the D8 genotype, with the viral sequences being completely homologous to the Kazakhstan strain. Among the close contacts, 98.2% were adults, and 142 individuals received emergency vaccination.

Objective:To construct a risk assessment system for measles transmission in Henan Province and scientifically evaluate the risk levels of measles transmission in each city in Henan Province.Methods:The modified Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultations to construct a risk assessment system for measles transmission. Data from all 191 cities, counties and districts in Henan Province were collected. The internal consistency (Cronbach′s α), content validity (content validity index, CVI) and structural validity (factor analysis) of the indicator system were evaluated to optimize the assessment framework. The indicator assignment method was adopted, and the comprehensive risk scores were obtained by adding the scores according to different weights. Results:Both rounds of consultation witnessed a 100% participation rate among all experts. The authority coefficients of experts in the two rounds were 0.920 and 0.925, and concordance coefficients were 0.201 ( χ 2=161.11, P<0.001) and 0.210 ( χ 2=163.80, P<0.001). The constructed assessment system comprised four dimensions—population immunity levels, surveillance quality, importation risk, and technical reserve of emergency response capacities—with a total of 30 indicators. Reliability analysis of the assessment system showed an overall Cronbach′s α of 0.741. Validity analysis revealed that all content validity indices reached 1.000, with principal factors cumulatively accounting for 67.625% of the variance, and all factor loadings exceeded 0.400. The measles transmission risk assessment in Henan Province using this assessment system identified Zhengzhou (92), Xinxiang (91), Xinyang (89), and Pingdingshan (73) as high-risk regions. Conclusion:The risk assessment system developed in this study demonstrates good reliability and validity, effectively reflecting measles transmission risks across Henan Province. The findings highlight the need to strengthen surveillance and control measures in high-risk areas, particularly in Zhengzhou.

In February 2025, a local cluster outbreak caused by the D8 genotype Measles virus (MV) was first discovered in Henan Province. Epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing were conducted, including the collection of serum and throat swabs for MV IgM antibody and nucleic acid detection, virus isolation and genetic homology analysis. Measures such as close contact tracing, vaccination rate assessment and supplementary immunization activities were implemented, successfully preventing broader community transmission. A total of three cases were reported during the outbreak, including one imported-related adolescent and two secondary local adult cases. All cases presented with typical symptoms such as fever and rash. Both adult cases were complicated by pneumonia, with one case developing into severe pneumonia. MV genotyping showed that the two secondary cases were both the D8 genotype, with the viral sequences being completely homologous to the Kazakhstan strain. Among the close contacts, 98.2% were adults, and 142 individuals received emergency vaccination.

Objective:To analyze the clinical phenotype and genetic etiology of a child with Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 1 (MCAHS1).Methods:Clinical data of a 2-year-old boy who had presented at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University in March 2023 for "intermittent limb twitching for 2 years" was collected. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the child and his parents for whole-exome sequencing (WES). Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG).Results:The child had manifested with distinctive facial features, limb deformities, hypotonia, motor and intellectual delays, and epileptic seizures. WES revealed that he has harbored compound heterozygous variants of the PIGN gene, namely c. 963G>A (p.Q321=) and c. 994A>T (p.I332F), which were inherited from his phenotypically normal mother and father, respectively. Based on the ACMG guidelines, the c. 963G>A was classified as a pathogenic variant (PVS1+ PM2_Supporting+ PM3), whilst the c. 994A>T was classified as a variant of uncertain significance (PM2_Supporting+ PP3). Conclusion:Above discovery has expanded the mutational spectrum of the PIGN gene variants associated with MCAHS1, which may facilitate delineation of its genotype-phenotype correlation.

Many childhood cancer survivors are suffering serious and long-lasting complications or sequelae, taking a significant toll on their health. Adequate physical activity can be effective in mitigating the negative effects of these complications or sequelae. However, low levels of physical activity are prevalent among childhood cancer survivors. Due to the lack of guidelines on physical activity for childhood cancer survivors, there are many difficulties in correctly guiding childhood cancer survivors to participate in physical activity. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the relevant studies on the physical activity of childhood cancer survivors. This article provides a review of the concept and measurement of physical activity, recommended amount, and the participation of childhood cancer survivors both domestically and internationally, in order to provide a reference for promoting the physical activity level of Chinese childhood cancer survivors.

Many childhood cancer survivors are suffering serious and long-lasting complications or sequelae, taking a significant toll on their health. Adequate physical activity can be effective in mitigating the negative effects of these complications or sequelae. However, low levels of physical activity are prevalent among childhood cancer survivors. Due to the lack of guidelines on physical activity for childhood cancer survivors, there are many difficulties in correctly guiding childhood cancer survivors to participate in physical activity. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the relevant studies on the physical activity of childhood cancer survivors. This article provides a review of the concept and measurement of physical activity, recommended amount, and the participation of childhood cancer survivors both domestically and internationally, in order to provide a reference for promoting the physical activity level of Chinese childhood cancer survivors.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

To investigate the drug-resistance mutations and treatment of hospitalized children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in Hunan Province. Children with pneumonia, who were hospitalized in the pediatric ward of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023, were enrolled in this study, and their clinical data was also collected. The targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) was used to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection and drug-resistance mutations, and the drug-resistance and treatment in children with MPP were also analyzed. A total of 125 children with pneumonia were involved in this study, including 70 children in the MPP group and 55 children in the bacterial pneumonia group. The results showed that there were 41 boys and 29 girls with an average age of (6.50±3.45) years, with the most common group being the school-age group (age≥6 years). The clinical symptoms were characterized by fever and cough. Laboratory examination showed that the white blood cell and neutrophil counts in the MPP group were lower than those in the bacterial pneumonia group, while the lymphocyte ratio and hemoglobin levels in the MPP group were higher than those in the bacterial pneumonia group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Twelve children (17.14%) in the MPP group had severe pneumonia, and all children with severe pneumonia had 23Sr RNA A2063G and/or A2064G mutations. The tNGS detected 60 cases of MPP resistance gene mutations, including 59 cases (98.33%) of A2063G mutation in 23Sr RNA and one case (1.67%) of A2064G mutation in 23Sr RNA. There was a significant difference in the positive rate of drug-resistance mutations among patients of different age groups (χ 2=7.991, P=0.021). A total of 63 children (90.00%) with MPP were treated according to the results of drug-resistance mutations, and seven children (70.00%) with MPP without drug-resistance mutations were treated according to the tNGS results. In children with the drug resistance of MPP, 46 cases (95.83%) of non-severe pneumonia and 10 cases (83.33%) of severe pneumonia were treated according to the tNGS results. All patients had a good prognosis, with no deaths reported and a median hospital stay M ( Q1, Q3) of 9 (7, 11) days. In conclusion, MPP is more common in children aged≥6 years old in Hunan Province, and the detection of drug-resistant mutations includes A2063G and A2064G, with A2063G being the main one. The positive rate of drug-resistant mutations is related to age.

To investigate the drug-resistance mutations and treatment of hospitalized children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in Hunan Province. Children with pneumonia, who were hospitalized in the pediatric ward of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023, were enrolled in this study, and their clinical data was also collected. The targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) was used to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection and drug-resistance mutations, and the drug-resistance and treatment in children with MPP were also analyzed. A total of 125 children with pneumonia were involved in this study, including 70 children in the MPP group and 55 children in the bacterial pneumonia group. The results showed that there were 41 boys and 29 girls with an average age of (6.50±3.45) years, with the most common group being the school-age group (age≥6 years). The clinical symptoms were characterized by fever and cough. Laboratory examination showed that the white blood cell and neutrophil counts in the MPP group were lower than those in the bacterial pneumonia group, while the lymphocyte ratio and hemoglobin levels in the MPP group were higher than those in the bacterial pneumonia group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Twelve children (17.14%) in the MPP group had severe pneumonia, and all children with severe pneumonia had 23Sr RNA A2063G and/or A2064G mutations. The tNGS detected 60 cases of MPP resistance gene mutations, including 59 cases (98.33%) of A2063G mutation in 23Sr RNA and one case (1.67%) of A2064G mutation in 23Sr RNA. There was a significant difference in the positive rate of drug-resistance mutations among patients of different age groups (χ 2=7.991, P=0.021). A total of 63 children (90.00%) with MPP were treated according to the results of drug-resistance mutations, and seven children (70.00%) with MPP without drug-resistance mutations were treated according to the tNGS results. In children with the drug resistance of MPP, 46 cases (95.83%) of non-severe pneumonia and 10 cases (83.33%) of severe pneumonia were treated according to the tNGS results. All patients had a good prognosis, with no deaths reported and a median hospital stay M ( Q1, Q3) of 9 (7, 11) days. In conclusion, MPP is more common in children aged≥6 years old in Hunan Province, and the detection of drug-resistant mutations includes A2063G and A2064G, with A2063G being the main one. The positive rate of drug-resistant mutations is related to age.