Pinellia ternata， belonging to the Pinellia genus within the Araceae family， is a medicinal plant due to its tubers. There are severe issues with unclear germplasm and mixed varieties in its cultivation， necessitating urgent new variety protection efforts. The distinctness， uniformity， and stability （DUS） testing of the plant variety is the basis for protecting new plant varieties， and the DUS test guidelines are the technical basis for DUS testing. To develop the DUS test guidelines for P. ternata， agronomic traits of 229 germplasm of P. ternata were observed and measured during its two growth stages over the years， and each character was graded and described. A total of 38 traits were selected as the test traits of the DUS test guideline for P. ternata. There were three plant traits， 19 leaf traits， six flower traits， two fruit traits， two tuber traits， five bulbil traits， and one ploidy trait. These traits could be divided into 22 quality characters， 12 quantitative characters， and four pseudo-quantitative characters， as well as seven groups， including plants， leaves， flowers， fruit， tubers， bulbils， and ploidy. By searching for standard traits， 10 standard varieties were ultimately determined. Preparing these guidelines will have great significance for reviewing and protecting P. ternata varieties， safeguarding breeders' rights， and promoting the development of the P. ternata industry.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are proposed to account for the progression, metastasis, and recurrence of diverse malignancies. However, the disorganized vasculars in tumors hinder the accumulation and penetration of nanomedicines, posing a challenge in eliminating CSCs located distantly from blood vessels. Herein, a pair of twin-like small-sized nanoparticles, sunitinib (St)-loaded ROS responsive micelles (RM@St) and salinomycin (SAL)-loaded GSH responsive micelles (GM@SAL), are developed to normalize disordered tumor vessels and eradicate CSCs. RM@St releases sunitinib in response to the abundant ROS in the tumor extracellular microenvironment for tumor vessel normalization, which improved intratumor accumulation and homogeneous distribution of small-sized GM@SAL. Sequentially, GM@SAL effectively accesses CSCs and achieves reduction-responsive drug release at high GSH concentrations within CSCs. More importantly, RM@St significantly extends the window of vessel normalization and enhances vessel integrity compared to free sunitinib, thus further amplifying the anti-tumor effect of GM@SAL. The combination therapy of RM@St plus GM@SAL produces considerable depression of tumor growth, drastically reducing CSCs fractions to 5.6% and resulting in 78.4% inhibition of lung metastasis. This study offers novel insights into rational nanomedicines designed for superior therapeutic effects by vascular normalization and anti-CSCs therapy.

Objective To explore the surgical features of retroperitoneoscopic excision of adrenal myelolipoma with diameter larger than 6 cm. Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 28 cases of giant adrenal myelolipoma from March 2010 to December 2015.The diameter of tumor was 6.0-13.7 cm (mean, 8.5 cm).There were 10 left-sided cases and 18 right-sided cases. During the retroperitoneoscopic excision of adrenal myelolipoma , four trocars were used .Two silk sutures were twisted as a loop to entangle one side of the tumor and then pulled it .Blood vessel on the surface of tumor was sealed and cut by ultrasonic scalpel . Adrenal gland was totally or partially removed and the tumor was resected completely . Results The operations were successful in all the 28 cases without hemorrhage during or after the surgery , conversion to open surgery , or injury of adjacent organs .The operation time was 52-117 min (mean, 67.5 min) and the blood loss was 45-110 ml during operation (mean, 60.5 ml).Patients took food 1-2 days after operation and ambulated 3-5 days after operation .The indwelling time of retroperitoneal drainage tube was 3-6 d (mean, 4.1 d).The postoperative hospitalization time was 6 -9 d (mean, 7.5 d). Conclusions Giant myelolipoma leads to seriously changed normal anatomy and is hard to be exposed during operation .Only when the important anatomical landmarks , large blood vessels and adrenal glands are focused , can the operation be safe and controllable .

AIM:ToinvestigatetheroleofSH2-domain-containingprotein-tyrosinephosphatase-1(SHP-1) lentivirus in atherosclerotic mice .METHODS:ApoE knock-out mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups:control group , GFP transfection group and SHP-1 transfection group .All mice were placed with carotid collars on the right common carotid arteries near its bifurcation , following feeding with high-fat diet for 8 weeks and then transfected with GFP blank vector or SHP-1 lentivirus ( SHP-1-LV) .The fluorescence density of the plaques , body weight , the levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were determined at 1st, 2nd, and 6th week after lentivirus transfection.Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression of SHP-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot .Additionally , pathological analysis of the plaques was also performed by HE and oil red O staining .RESULTS:The fluorescence of the plaques was observed at 1st, 2nd, and 6th week after lentivirus transfection , with a highest density at 2nd week.The body weight and the levels of TC and TG in the mice were not influenced by lentivirus transfection .Moreover, SHP-1-LV transfection significantly upregulated the expression of SHP-1 at mRNA and protein levels, but inhibited the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-2 and MMP-9.In addition, SHP-1-LV transfection also decreased the plaque size ratio and lipid content in right common carotid arteries . CONCLUSION:SHP-1 overexpression accelerates the regression of atherosclerotic plaque , thus emerging SHP-1 as a tar-get for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis .