This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) poses a significant risk of neural damage during pregnancy. As the most prevalent intrauterine infectious agent in low- and middle-income countries, HCMV disrupts the development of neural stem cells, leading to fetal malformations and abnormal structural and physiological functions in the fetal brain. This review summarizes the current understanding of how HCMV infection dysregulates the Wnt signaling pathway to induce fetal malformations and discusses current management strategies.
Humans ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/virology* ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Cytomegalovirus/physiology* ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology* ; Congenital Abnormalities/virology* ; Animals

Objective To investigate the effect of dorsal repulsive axon guidance protein(Draxin)on the migration of trunk neural crest cells during the early development of embryonic mouse spinal cord.Methods Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to detect the expression characteristics of Draxin in early embryonic spinal cord(8 mice each group);In situ hybridization was used to detect the change of migration characteristics of trunk neural crest cells in early embryonic spinal cord of different types of mouse(5 mice each group);in vitro culture method was used to check the effect of Draxin on the migration characteristics of embryonic mouse trunk neural crest cells(16 mice each group).Resultsβ-galactosidase gene Z(LacZ)gene was introduced when Draxin gene was knocked out to produce Draxin gene knockout mice.β-galactosidase staining was used to detect LacZ gene expression in Draxin knockout embryonic mice,and the result showed that Draxin expression was observed in the spinal cord of early embryonic mice since 9.5 days(E9.5).Draxin expression was obvious in the embryonic mice spinal cord in E10.5 period.In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of Draxin gene in the spinal cord of wild type embryonic mice,and the result further verified the obvious expression of Draxin in the early embryonic mice spinal cord in El0.5 period.Sox10 in situ hybridization was used to detect neural crest cell migration in the spinal cord of embryonic mice in E10.5 period.The result showed that segmental migration of neural crest cells in the early embryonic spinal cord of some Draxin knockout mice was delayed compared with the wild type mice.The effect of Draxin on the migration of wild type early embryonic mice trunk neural crest cells in vitro was tested.The result showed that Draxin reduced the migration distance of neural crest cells in vitro.Conclusion In the early developmental stage of embryonic spinal cord(E9.5-E10.5),neural crest cells migrated exuberant.At the same time,Draxin plays an important inhibitory function in the formation of the specific migration pathways of trunk neural crest cells by promoting neural crest cells migrating away from Draxin expressing regions.

Objective To develop a prognostic risk model for anoikis-related genes(ANRs)in bladder cancer,calculate risk scores,and analyze the relationship between bladder cancer patients with high and low risk scores and the tumor microenvironment.Methods Prognosis-related ANRs and clinically independent risk factors were screened by public database information and Cox regression analysis.Prognostic risk modeling was performed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)analysis and column-line diagrams.Prognostic risk model accuracy was validated by kaplan-meier survival analysis and area under receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)curve(AUC).The relationship between risk score and tumor microenvironment was explored by CIBERSORT(https://cibersortx.stanford.edu/)and single sample gene set enrichment analysis(ssGSEA).Results The prognostically relevant ANRs were B-lymphoblastoma-2-associated promoter(BAD),cell cycle protein-dependent kinase inhibitor 3(CDKN3),and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),and the clinically independent risk factors were gender,age,clinical stage(T,N),and risk score.The prognostic risk model was expressed as risk score=(0.155 2 × BAD expression)+(0.2286 × CDKN3 expression)+(0.0114×PCNA expression)and column line graph.The lower the risk score the better the prognosis of bladder cancer patients,the AUC of the survival curves for 1,3 and 5 years were 0.732,0.620 and 0.541,respectively,and the column line graphs of the 1-,3-and 5-year calibration curves almost corresponded diagonally,reflecting the accuracy of the model.The high and low risk groups of the prognostic risk model showed great differences in immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment of bladder cancer.Conclusion The established prognostic risk model for bladder cancer loss of apoptosis-related genes is highly accurate and can better assess the prognosis of bladder cancer patients,and bladder cancer patients with high and low risk scores are closely related to the tumor microenvironment.

Digital technology has revolutionized the traditional model of quality evaluation for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).This article systematically reviews the research hotspots and practical applications of digital-driv-en quality evaluation of TCM.Simultaneously,this paper analyzes and assesses the challenges faced by the digitiza-tion of TCM quality evaluation from multiple perspectives,including data acquisition,model construction,applica-tion promotion and market acceptance,and puts forward targeted strategies.Addressing the existing issues in the field of TCM quality,this paper proposes a series of innovative concepts,including the mining and application of TCM property data,the construction of a large database of TCM components,the integration of digital technology and emerging biotechnology for biological effect evaluation of TCM and clinical intelligent evaluation based on real-world data.Based on these,it further proposes a multi-dimensional quality analysis model for grading TCM,which encompasses TCM property data,chemical composition analysis,biological effect assessment and clinical evalua-tion.It aims to provide a useful reference for the modernization,scientification,and standardization of TCM quality evaluation.

Objective:To establish a rapid quantitative model for the determination of moisture,extractives,and content in Pollen Typhae.Methods:Near-infrared spectra of 91 batches of Pollen Typhae samples were collected.Spectral preprocessing was performed using S-G,MSC,SNV,and CWT methods.Variable selection was conducted using CARS,SPA,and VIP methods,and compared with full-spectrum modeling.Partial least squares(PLS)mod-els were established for the quantitative determination of moisture,total ash,extractives,and content.The model performance was evaluated by calculating the coefficient of determination for the calibration set and validation set(R2 c,R2v),root mean square error of calibration and validation(RMSEc,RMSEv),and residual prediction devia-tion(RPD).Results:The PLS models for moisture,extractives,and content in Pollen Typhae showed R2c and R2v values greater than 0.9,RMSEc and RMSEv values approaching 0,and RPD values greater than 3.Conclusion:In this study,near-infrared spectroscopy was used to construct quantitative prediction models for moisture,extractives,typhaneoside,and isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside content in Pollen Typhae.This method enables rapid detection of the main quality control indicators of Pollen Typhae,providing strong technical support for its quality supervision.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Digital technology has revolutionized the traditional model of quality evaluation for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).This article systematically reviews the research hotspots and practical applications of digital-driv-en quality evaluation of TCM.Simultaneously,this paper analyzes and assesses the challenges faced by the digitiza-tion of TCM quality evaluation from multiple perspectives,including data acquisition,model construction,applica-tion promotion and market acceptance,and puts forward targeted strategies.Addressing the existing issues in the field of TCM quality,this paper proposes a series of innovative concepts,including the mining and application of TCM property data,the construction of a large database of TCM components,the integration of digital technology and emerging biotechnology for biological effect evaluation of TCM and clinical intelligent evaluation based on real-world data.Based on these,it further proposes a multi-dimensional quality analysis model for grading TCM,which encompasses TCM property data,chemical composition analysis,biological effect assessment and clinical evalua-tion.It aims to provide a useful reference for the modernization,scientification,and standardization of TCM quality evaluation.

Objective:To establish a rapid quantitative model for the determination of moisture,extractives,and content in Pollen Typhae.Methods:Near-infrared spectra of 91 batches of Pollen Typhae samples were collected.Spectral preprocessing was performed using S-G,MSC,SNV,and CWT methods.Variable selection was conducted using CARS,SPA,and VIP methods,and compared with full-spectrum modeling.Partial least squares(PLS)mod-els were established for the quantitative determination of moisture,total ash,extractives,and content.The model performance was evaluated by calculating the coefficient of determination for the calibration set and validation set(R2 c,R2v),root mean square error of calibration and validation(RMSEc,RMSEv),and residual prediction devia-tion(RPD).Results:The PLS models for moisture,extractives,and content in Pollen Typhae showed R2c and R2v values greater than 0.9,RMSEc and RMSEv values approaching 0,and RPD values greater than 3.Conclusion:In this study,near-infrared spectroscopy was used to construct quantitative prediction models for moisture,extractives,typhaneoside,and isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside content in Pollen Typhae.This method enables rapid detection of the main quality control indicators of Pollen Typhae,providing strong technical support for its quality supervision.

Objective To develop a prognostic risk model for anoikis-related genes(ANRs)in bladder cancer,calculate risk scores,and analyze the relationship between bladder cancer patients with high and low risk scores and the tumor microenvironment.Methods Prognosis-related ANRs and clinically independent risk factors were screened by public database information and Cox regression analysis.Prognostic risk modeling was performed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)analysis and column-line diagrams.Prognostic risk model accuracy was validated by kaplan-meier survival analysis and area under receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)curve(AUC).The relationship between risk score and tumor microenvironment was explored by CIBERSORT(https://cibersortx.stanford.edu/)and single sample gene set enrichment analysis(ssGSEA).Results The prognostically relevant ANRs were B-lymphoblastoma-2-associated promoter(BAD),cell cycle protein-dependent kinase inhibitor 3(CDKN3),and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),and the clinically independent risk factors were gender,age,clinical stage(T,N),and risk score.The prognostic risk model was expressed as risk score=(0.155 2 × BAD expression)+(0.2286 × CDKN3 expression)+(0.0114×PCNA expression)and column line graph.The lower the risk score the better the prognosis of bladder cancer patients,the AUC of the survival curves for 1,3 and 5 years were 0.732,0.620 and 0.541,respectively,and the column line graphs of the 1-,3-and 5-year calibration curves almost corresponded diagonally,reflecting the accuracy of the model.The high and low risk groups of the prognostic risk model showed great differences in immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment of bladder cancer.Conclusion The established prognostic risk model for bladder cancer loss of apoptosis-related genes is highly accurate and can better assess the prognosis of bladder cancer patients,and bladder cancer patients with high and low risk scores are closely related to the tumor microenvironment.