Obesity, as a chronic recurrent disease, has become a major public health challenge in China. To implement the requirements of the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030), under domestic guidelines or consensus statements on overweight and obesity, and in alignment with the latest scientific advances globally, the Quality control protocol for adult overweight and obesity screening in health management (examination) institutions (2025 edition) was developed. This protocol was drafted by the Health Management Center of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and formulated through multiple rounds of deliberation by experts in China’s health examination quality control field. The protocol establishes unified standards for screening facilities, personnel qualifications, and measurement or testing procedures. It defines specific screening items, outlines a standardized screening pathway, and sets requirements for the final medical review, ensuring the scientific validity, effectiveness, and safety of the screening process. The implementation of this protocol will enhance the consistency of weight management practices for adults across health examination institutions and strengthen the quality control of overweight and obesity screening programs.

Objectives:To analyze the clinical characteristics of upper cervical vertebrae with dumbbell schwannoma,and to explore its clinical symptoms,imaging features,and treatment plans.Methods:A retro-spective analysis was performed on 14 patients with upper cervical intra-and extraspinal dumbbell-shaped schwannoma admitted to the Spinal Surgery Department of Southern Theater General Hospital from January 2022 to June 2024,including 9 males and 5 females,aged 43.64±11.96 years(25-61 years).According to the location,size,scope of the tumor,and relationship with the surrounding important tissue structure in upper cervical spine,the relevant clinical treatment data were analyzed and the surgical treatment plan was dis-cussed.Cervical X-ray,CT and MRI examinations were regularly performed after surgery to evaluate the con-ditions of complete resection of tumor and recurrence,the stability of the upper cervical spine and whether the internal fixation was loose or broken.The recovery of spinal nerve function and pain improvement were evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)and visual analogue scale(VAS)scores.Results:All the patients underwent complete tumor resection in one stage,and the postoperative JOA score(10.14±1.55 vs 13.86±1.06,P=0.005)and VAS score(2.42±1.29 vs 0.64±0.71,P=0.000)were statistically different from those before surgery.Postoperative tumor histopathology was confirmed as schwannoma in all the 14 patients.The follow-up time was 6 months to 2 years.No recurrence of tumor was found,neurological symptoms were significantly improved,and no upper cervical instability appeared.Conclusions:For patients with intra-and extra-spinal dumbbell-shaped schwannoma in the upper cervical spine,complete resection of the tumor in one stage of posterior approach can be given priority.If the important stable tissue structure of the upper cervical spine is destroyed,upper cervical spine fixation and fusion should be performed to ensure the stabil-ity of upper cervical spine after tumor resection.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with cervicothoracic hemivertebra at different ages and evaluate the surgical outcomes of hemivertebra resection.Methods:This retrospective cohort study analyzed clinical and radiographic data of 35 children (under 18 years old) with cervicothoracic hemivertebra who underwent one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection at the Department of Spine Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, from June 2005 to June 2022. The cohort included 19 males and 16 females, with a surgical age of (9.7±4.1) years (range: 3 to <18 years). Patients were divided into three groups based on initial surgical age: preschool group (≤5 years, n=10), school-age group (6 to 10 years, n=10), and adolescent group (11 to <18 years, n=15). The intraoperative blood loss, operative time, number of fixed vertebrae, and perioperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Radiographic measurements were taken preoperatively, postoperatively, and at final follow-up, including the Cobb angle of the primary curve, curve length, distal curve Cobb angle, neck tilt, shoulder balance, coronal balance, trunk tilt, clavicle angle, head deviation, and local kyphosis. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H test, chi-square test, and Fisher′s exact test. Results:The operative time was (333±74) minutes (range:200 to 450 minutes), the intraoperative blood loss was (419±132) ml (range:200 to 650 ml), and the number of fixed vertebrae was (6.0±2.7) segments (range:2 to 12 segments). Preoperatively, the preschool group had a smaller primary curve Cobb angle compared to the adolescent group (33.6°±8.4° vs. 43.0°±9.4°, F=3.394, P=0.046) and distal curve Cobb angle (6.4°±2.4° vs.11.9°±4.5°, F=6.550, P=0.038). The preschool group had better coronal balance ((8.8±4.3) mm vs. (20.2±11.7)mm, F=9.448, P=0.009) and trunk tilt (4.0°±2.0° vs.7.0°±3.0°, F=4.343, P=0.029) than the school-age group. The preschool group had fewer fused vertebrae than the school-age and adolescent groups (3.8±1.6 vs. 7.0±2.6 vs. 6.8±2.6, F=10.480, P=0.005). The preschool group also had less intraoperative blood loss than the adolescent groups ((320±125) ml vs. (480±113) ml, F=8.666, P=0.013). However, no significant differences were found in postoperative and final follow-up measurements of primary and distal curve Cobb angles, neck tilt, shoulder balance, coronal balance, trunk tilt, clavicle angle, head deviation, local kyphosis, or complication rates (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Children with cervicothoracic hemivertebra across different age groups exhibit similar surgical outcomes and complication rates. But the preschool group had fewer fixed segments and less intraoperative blood loss, suggesting that this age group is an ideal time for surgery.

Objectives:To analyze the clinical characteristics of upper cervical vertebrae with dumbbell schwannoma,and to explore its clinical symptoms,imaging features,and treatment plans.Methods:A retro-spective analysis was performed on 14 patients with upper cervical intra-and extraspinal dumbbell-shaped schwannoma admitted to the Spinal Surgery Department of Southern Theater General Hospital from January 2022 to June 2024,including 9 males and 5 females,aged 43.64±11.96 years(25-61 years).According to the location,size,scope of the tumor,and relationship with the surrounding important tissue structure in upper cervical spine,the relevant clinical treatment data were analyzed and the surgical treatment plan was dis-cussed.Cervical X-ray,CT and MRI examinations were regularly performed after surgery to evaluate the con-ditions of complete resection of tumor and recurrence,the stability of the upper cervical spine and whether the internal fixation was loose or broken.The recovery of spinal nerve function and pain improvement were evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)and visual analogue scale(VAS)scores.Results:All the patients underwent complete tumor resection in one stage,and the postoperative JOA score(10.14±1.55 vs 13.86±1.06,P=0.005)and VAS score(2.42±1.29 vs 0.64±0.71,P=0.000)were statistically different from those before surgery.Postoperative tumor histopathology was confirmed as schwannoma in all the 14 patients.The follow-up time was 6 months to 2 years.No recurrence of tumor was found,neurological symptoms were significantly improved,and no upper cervical instability appeared.Conclusions:For patients with intra-and extra-spinal dumbbell-shaped schwannoma in the upper cervical spine,complete resection of the tumor in one stage of posterior approach can be given priority.If the important stable tissue structure of the upper cervical spine is destroyed,upper cervical spine fixation and fusion should be performed to ensure the stabil-ity of upper cervical spine after tumor resection.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with cervicothoracic hemivertebra at different ages and evaluate the surgical outcomes of hemivertebra resection.Methods:This retrospective cohort study analyzed clinical and radiographic data of 35 children (under 18 years old) with cervicothoracic hemivertebra who underwent one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection at the Department of Spine Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, from June 2005 to June 2022. The cohort included 19 males and 16 females, with a surgical age of (9.7±4.1) years (range: 3 to <18 years). Patients were divided into three groups based on initial surgical age: preschool group (≤5 years, n=10), school-age group (6 to 10 years, n=10), and adolescent group (11 to <18 years, n=15). The intraoperative blood loss, operative time, number of fixed vertebrae, and perioperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Radiographic measurements were taken preoperatively, postoperatively, and at final follow-up, including the Cobb angle of the primary curve, curve length, distal curve Cobb angle, neck tilt, shoulder balance, coronal balance, trunk tilt, clavicle angle, head deviation, and local kyphosis. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H test, chi-square test, and Fisher′s exact test. Results:The operative time was (333±74) minutes (range:200 to 450 minutes), the intraoperative blood loss was (419±132) ml (range:200 to 650 ml), and the number of fixed vertebrae was (6.0±2.7) segments (range:2 to 12 segments). Preoperatively, the preschool group had a smaller primary curve Cobb angle compared to the adolescent group (33.6°±8.4° vs. 43.0°±9.4°, F=3.394, P=0.046) and distal curve Cobb angle (6.4°±2.4° vs.11.9°±4.5°, F=6.550, P=0.038). The preschool group had better coronal balance ((8.8±4.3) mm vs. (20.2±11.7)mm, F=9.448, P=0.009) and trunk tilt (4.0°±2.0° vs.7.0°±3.0°, F=4.343, P=0.029) than the school-age group. The preschool group had fewer fused vertebrae than the school-age and adolescent groups (3.8±1.6 vs. 7.0±2.6 vs. 6.8±2.6, F=10.480, P=0.005). The preschool group also had less intraoperative blood loss than the adolescent groups ((320±125) ml vs. (480±113) ml, F=8.666, P=0.013). However, no significant differences were found in postoperative and final follow-up measurements of primary and distal curve Cobb angles, neck tilt, shoulder balance, coronal balance, trunk tilt, clavicle angle, head deviation, local kyphosis, or complication rates (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Children with cervicothoracic hemivertebra across different age groups exhibit similar surgical outcomes and complication rates. But the preschool group had fewer fixed segments and less intraoperative blood loss, suggesting that this age group is an ideal time for surgery.

Objective To investigate the association between body mass index(BMI),sex hormone and single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor(FSHR)gene rs2268361 and rs2349415 and its correlation with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods Peripheral blood was collected from 213 PCOS patients and 207 healthy controls,attending the Department of Reproductive Medicine at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University,and 32 follicular fluids were randomly collected from each of the PCOS and control groups from March to August 2021.Calculation of BMI of the PCOS and control groups;The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2),testosterone(T),progesterone(P)and prolactin(PRL)in peripheral blood of the two groups were detected by immunochemiluminescence method.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and high-resolution melting curve(HRM)were used to analyze the polymorphisms of rs2268361 and rs2349415 in FSHR of the two groups.Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of FSHR gene mRNA in peripheral blood and ovarian granulosa cells.Results There was a strong positive correlation between LH and LH/FSH(r=0.88,P<0.05);The levels of BMI,E2,LH,LH/FSH and T in PCOS group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05);FSH level was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.001).HRM analysis showed the frequencies of CC,CT and TT genotypes at rs2349415 were 55.9%,34.3%and 9.8%in PCOS group and 68.6%,23.2%and 8.2%in control group,respectively.The frequencies of C and T alleles were 73.0%and 27.0%in PCOS group and 80.2%and 19.8%in control group,respectively.There were significant differences in genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between the two groups(P<0.05);The expression level of FSHR mRNA was higher in ovarian granulosa cells in PCOS group than in control group(P=0.004),the expression level of FSHR mRNA in rs2349415 TT genotype was higher than that in CC(P=0.002)and CT(P=0.035)genotype.Conclusion High levels of BMI, LH, E2 and T allele of rs2349415 increased the risk of PCOS.

BACKGROUND:Despite unrelated cord blood transplantation is expected to become an important method for treating malignant hematological diseases,the manifestation and clinical characteristics of acute graft-versus-host disease in the gastrointestinal tract still require further in-depth investigation. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the clinical characteristics of intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease after unrelated cord blood transplantation. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 668 malignant hematological disease patients after unrelated cord blood transplantation who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation subspecialty in the Department of Hematology,First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from December 2016 to December 2020.Among them,clinical data of 138 patients with intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease were analyzed,including 76 males and 62 females,with a median age of 13(1-62)years.All patients were treated with a myeloablative regimen(without antihuman thymocyte globulin)and cyclosporin A combined with mycophenolate mofetil to prevent graft-versus-host disease. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The patients with intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease had diarrhea of varying degrees,most of which were yellow-green,yellow-brown watery stools or mucous stools.53 patients(38.4%)had blood stools,82 patients(57.9%)had skin involvement,18 patients(13.0%)had a secondary intestinal bacterial infection,and 90 patients(65.2%)had cytomegaloviremia.(2)The clinical characteristics of patients(70 cases,50.7%)with grade 1-2 intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease were compared with those(68 cases,49.3%)with grade 3-4 intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease.It was found that the age of grade 3-4 intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease patients was higher than that of grade 1-2 intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease patients(P<0.001),and they were complicated with cytomegaloviremia probably(P=0.035).Diarrhea lasted longer(P=0.00)and the length of hospital stay increased substantially(P<0.001).However,there were no significant differences in recipient gender,pre-transplant disease status,HLA matching,diagnosis,combined skin graft-versus-host disease,and secondary intestinal infection rate in patients of the two groups.(3)These findings conclude that the clinical characteristics of intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease after unrelated cord blood transplantation are complex,which affects the prognosis and quality of life of patients seriously and requires early identification and precise treatment.

Objective:Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents,characterized by a high potential for proliferation and metastasis.Patients with osteosarcoma who have distant metastases generally have a poor prognosis.Challenges in treatment include incomplete resection of tumor and chemotherapy resistance,with no effective cure currently available.Recent studies suggest that β-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 1(B4GALNT1)plays a role in the progression of various malignant tumors.However,the function of B4GALNT1 in osteosarcoma cells has not been reported.This study aims to investigate the expression of B4GALNT1 in osteosarcoma tissues compared to normal tissues and to explore its effects on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of osteosarcoma cells,thereby providing new theoretical foundations and directions for the treatment of osteosarcoma patients. Methods:Tumor tissues and corresponding normal tissue samples were collected from 16 osteosarcoma patients who underwent tumor resection at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.The patients'ages ranged from 8 to 17 years(median age 12 years).The expression of B4GALNT1 mRNA in osteosarcoma tissues,corresponding normal tissues,3 osteosarcoma cell lines(MG63,Saos-2,and U2OS),and human fetal osteoblastic cells(hFOB)was detected using real-time reverse transcription PCR(real-time RT-PCR).The effects of B4GALNT1 knockdown on the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells Saos-2 and U2OS were analyzed using cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assays and colony formation assays.The effects of B4GALNT1 knockdown on the migration and invasion abilities of Saos-2 and U2OS cells were evaluated using Transwell migration and invasion assays.Western blotting analysis was performed to assess the impact of B4GALNT1 knockdown on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and invasion-related proteins in Saos-2 and U2OS cells. Results:Real-time RT-PCR results showed that B4GALNT1 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in osteosarcoma tissues and the 3 osteosarcoma cell lines compared to normal tissues and hFOB cells(all P＜0.0 1).CCK-8 and colony formation assays indicated that B4GALNT1 knockdown significantly reduced the proliferation rate of osteosarcoma cells compared to the control group(all P＜0.05).Transwell migration and invasion assays demonstrated that B4GALNT1 knockdown significantly decreased the number of migrating and invading osteosarcoma cells(all P＜0.01).Western blotting analysis revealed that B4GALNT1 knockdown inhibited the expression of N-cadherin,Snail,Vimentin,and matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9)compared to the control group(all P＜0.01). Conclusion:B4GALNT1 is upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines,and its knockdown suppresses the malignant phenotype of osteosarcoma cells.B4GALNT1 may function as an oncogene in the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells.

Heart failure is the leading cause of mortality in cardiovascular diseases and represents the ultimate common manifestation of most cardiovascular conditions,impacting over 60 million individuals globally.Currently,heart transplantation remains the standard treatment for heart failure patients.Adherence to fundamental pharmacotherapy can improve quality of life and extend survival time for heart failure patients.However,due to the complex mechanism of heart failure and numerous complications,the limitations of conventional heart failure treatment strategies in clinical work are gradually magnified.In recent years,interventional therapy has emerged as an innovative approach for managing heart failure,attracting significant attention and achieving substantial breakthroughs that offer new hope for affected individuals.Injectable hydrogel has garnered considerable interest in biomedicine due to its minimally invasive nature and capacity for efficient therapeutic drug delivery.In the context of chronic heart failure,injectable hydrogel finds application primarily in tissue regeneration,drug delivery,and immunotherapy.This review mainly describes the application and research progress of injectable hydrogel in the treatment of heart failure.

Aim To investigate the effect of Sijunzi Decoction on mRNA and protein expression related to growth and cell cycle in polyamine/HuR signaling pathway during small intestinal epithelial cell (IEC-6) proliferation, and to explore its mechanism on intestinal mucosal injury repair. Methods Sijunzi Decoction-containing serum (SJZD) was prepared from SD rats, the expression of HuR protein in cytoplasm and nucleus was analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot, the mRNA level of activating transcription factor-2 (A T F - 2), JunD and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) were determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR), Western blot was used to detect protein level of HuR, ATF-2, JunD and CDK4, and flow cytometry was applied to analyse cell cycle distribution. Results Compared with the control group, the mRNA and protein expression of ATF-2 and JunD decreased, while the expression of Cdk4 mRNA and protein increased in SZJD group, and the proportion of G