In view of the few studies on the influence of Armillaria spp. infection on the content of the chemical components in different parts of Polyporus umbellatus sclerotia, this study determined the biomass of P. umbellatus sclerotia and the contents of ergosterol, polyporusterone A, polyporusterone B and polysaccharide in the separated cavity wall of the sclerotia and the uninfected part of the sclerotia in different harvesting years under the conditions of A. gallica and A. mellea infection respectively. According to the difference of content and dynamic changes of the polysaccharide and the steroid substances, the superior Armillaria sp. was screened to obtain the best harvest years of P. umbellatus. Using HPLC and UV-VIS spectrophotometry methods, the contents of ergosterol, polyporusterone A, polyporusterone B and polysaccharide in P. umbellatus sclerotia infected by the two Armillaria spp. in different years were determined. In addition, the differentially expressed genes related to P. umbellatus polysaccharide synthesis were screened according to the transcriptomic data of different parts of P. umbellatus after A. mellea infection. With the increase of years, the biomass of sclerotia infected by different Armillaria spp. had significant differences, and there were significant differences in the four components of sclerotia. The four components of the separated cavity wall of the sclerotia were significantly higher than those of the uninfected part. The best harvest time was the third year after cultivation. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the infection of Armillaria spp. could significantly promote polysaccharide synthesis, which provided a basis for polysaccharide content determination at the molecular level. The study clarified the influence of different Armillaria spp. infection on the accumulation of chemical components of P. umbellatus sclerotia, laying a foundation for exploring the symbiosis mechanism and provided a scientific clue for screening superior Armillaria sp. and guiding the artificial cultivation of P. umbellatus sclerotia.

In this paper, two cases of primary familial and congenital polycythemia (PFCP) were reported, and the literature was reviewed. PFCP is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by a gain-of-function mutation in the EPOR gene, resulting in a loss of negative regulation of erythrocyte proliferation. The two patients were young women with simple polycythemia and clear family history, and identified to carry the truncated mutation c.1316G>A (p.W439*) of EPOR gene. At present, there is no unified treatment plan for PFCP. Currently, there is no standardized treatment for PFCP; management primarily aligns with guidelines for polycythemia vera, focusing on preventing thrombotic complications. This article discusses the clinical features of PFCP, EPOR gene mutations, and their pathogenic mechanisms, while providing diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations based on existing literature.

In this paper, two cases of primary familial and congenital polycythemia (PFCP) were reported, and the literature was reviewed. PFCP is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by a gain-of-function mutation in the EPOR gene, resulting in a loss of negative regulation of erythrocyte proliferation. The two patients were young women with simple polycythemia and clear family history, and identified to carry the truncated mutation c.1316G>A (p.W439*) of EPOR gene. At present, there is no unified treatment plan for PFCP. Currently, there is no standardized treatment for PFCP; management primarily aligns with guidelines for polycythemia vera, focusing on preventing thrombotic complications. This article discusses the clinical features of PFCP, EPOR gene mutations, and their pathogenic mechanisms, while providing diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations based on existing literature.

In order to promote rational drug use in perioperative period, a perioperative clinical medication pathway system was constructed in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University using the project management method of work breakdown structure (WBS). To establish this system, the following 7 tasks should be completed: requirement investigation of the pathway, formulation of drug usage standards, formulation of clinical medicine pathways, clinical communication and training, effect evaluation and supervision, informazation of medication supervision, and therapeutic drug monitoring, which were implemented by pharmacists of different specialties, respectively. After 4 years of effort, 6 general clinical medicine pathways were completed for antibiotics, analgesics, drugs in venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, nutritional support agents, airway management drugs, and proton pump inhibitors, respectively. These pathways had positive effects in improving the rational use of antibiotics, optimizing the postoperative pain management, and strengthening the risk assessment of thrombosis for patients in the surgical department. The personalized pathway constructed for the Cardiac Surgery Department and the multidimensional pharmaceutical intervention in the Anesthesiology Department also had remarkable effects. In conclusion, the construction of perioperative medication pathway system through WBS was helpful to refine the division of work tasks, reflect the value of pharmacists, and improve the quality of perioperative pharmaceutical services.

In order to promote rational drug use in perioperative period, a perioperative clinical medication pathway system was constructed in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University using the project management method of work breakdown structure (WBS). To establish this system, the following 7 tasks should be completed: requirement investigation of the pathway, formulation of drug usage standards, formulation of clinical medicine pathways, clinical communication and training, effect evaluation and supervision, informazation of medication supervision, and therapeutic drug monitoring, which were implemented by pharmacists of different specialties, respectively. After 4 years of effort, 6 general clinical medicine pathways were completed for antibiotics, analgesics, drugs in venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, nutritional support agents, airway management drugs, and proton pump inhibitors, respectively. These pathways had positive effects in improving the rational use of antibiotics, optimizing the postoperative pain management, and strengthening the risk assessment of thrombosis for patients in the surgical department. The personalized pathway constructed for the Cardiac Surgery Department and the multidimensional pharmaceutical intervention in the Anesthesiology Department also had remarkable effects. In conclusion, the construction of perioperative medication pathway system through WBS was helpful to refine the division of work tasks, reflect the value of pharmacists, and improve the quality of perioperative pharmaceutical services.

Objective: To explore the relationship between dieting and binge eating with non suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among secondary vocational school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective interventions to prevent NSSI. Methods: From October to December 2023, 2 364 students were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method from nine secondary vocational schools in Guizhou Province to conduct a self administered questionnaire survey. Unconditional binary Logisitic regression was used to analyze the relationship between dieting, binge eating behaviours, and the co-occurrence of the two and NSSI among secondary vocational school students, and were stratified by sex. Results: The detection rate of NSSI among secondary vocational school students in Guizhou Province was 27.5%, 6.8% of secondary vocational school students reported dieting, 10.5% reported binge eating behaviour, and 2.9% showed both dieting and binge eating behaviours. The adjusted model of unconditional binary Logistic regression showed that the presence of dieting ( OR =2.37), binge eating behaviour ( OR =2.31), and the co-occurrence of both ( OR =2.60) were associated with higher risk of NSSI among secondary vocational school students; stratified analysis by gender showed that both males and females with dieting, binge eating and coexistence of dieting and binge eating behaviours were at increased risk of NSSI (females: OR =2.27, 2.26, 2.78 ; males: OR =2.15, 2.08, 2.02) ( P <0.01). Conclusions Dieting and binge eating behavior of secondary vocational school students will increase the risk of NSSI. When preventing and intervening NSSI problems of secondary vocational school students, it should pay more attention to eating habits.

Surgical operation is the main treatment of oral and maxillofacial tumors.Dysphagia is a common postoperative complication.Swal-lowing disorder can not only lead to mis-aspiration,malnutrition,aspiration pneumonia and other serious consequences,but also may cause psychological problems and social communication barriers,affecting the quality of life of the patients.At present,there is no systematic evalua-tion and rehabilitation management plan for the problem of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in China.Combining the characteristics of postoperative swallowing disorder in patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors,summarizing the clinical experience of ex-perts in the field of tumor and rehabilitation,reviewing and summarizing relevant literature at home and abroad,and through joint discussion and modification,a group of national experts reached this consensus including the core contents of the screening of swallowing disorders,the phased assessment of prognosis and complications,and the implementation plan of comprehensive management such as nutrition management,respiratory management,swallowing function recovery,psychology and nursing during rehabilitation treatment,in order to improve the evalua-tion and rehabilitation of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in clinic.

Objective: To investigate the sexual behaviors and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge acquisition of male students with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/AIDS before diagnosis, so as to provide reference for formulating policies and measures for AIDS prevention and control among young students. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted among 25 newly reported HIV/AIDS male students recruited from January 2021 to December 2023 in the district of Chengdu. The contents of the interviews included highrisk behaviors related to HIV infection, access to knowledge and psychological status after infection. Results: All interviewees had sex with men, and the mean age of first homosexual behavior was (17.48±1.64) years old. The time from first sexual behavior to confirmation ranged 0-8 years, with an average of (2.72±1.41) years. The proportion of condom use among interviewees was low, only 2 students reported using every time, and 12 students had never been tested for HIV infection before diagnosis. All interviewees were aware of knowledge about AIDS, but their awareness of risk was low. Among them, 16 thought that they would not be infected, 8 were aware of risks but held a luck mindset, and one did not know the role of such knowledge. Schools and Internet were the main ways to obtain knowledge. Among them, 3 got knowledge through Weibo, Douyin, Zhihu, etc., 9 got knowledge through school lectures, theme class meetings, etc., and 13 got knowledge through schools and the Internet. None of the interviewees had acquired AIDS related knowledge from family education. After knowing being infected, 21 students reported depression, frustration, pessimism, despair and other negative emotions(7 students expressed anxiety and depression, 9 students had fear and terror, 5 students felt regret) and only 4 students had a relatively calm attitude. Conclusions The primary reasons for the infection of young students are early age of first sexual behavior, multiple sexual partners, popularity of online dating and separation of AIDS knowledge and practice among HIV/AIDS male students. Targeted prevention and control measures should be developed to suppress AIDS transmission among young students.

To investigate the existence of tick-borne pathogens infection of rodents at the border of China and the Demo-cratic People's Republic of Korea(DPRK).PCR was used to detect the spotted fever group rickettsiae(SFGR)ompA gene,Ehrlichia chaffeensis(Ec)and Anaplasma phagocytophilum(Ap)16S rRNA,Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis(CNm)groEL gene,Bartonella(Ba)rpoB gene,and Francisella tularensis(Ft)fopA gene in rodents samples collected from Ji'an of Jilin province and Kuandian of Liaoning Province.The positivity rates of 132 wild rats spleen samples,SFGR,Ec,Ap,CNm,Ba,and Ft were 9.85％,12.88％,5.30％,3.79％,51.52％,and 6.06％,respectively,with statistical differences in in-fection rates(x2=149.236,P=0.000).The infection rate of Ba was the highest in wild rats in this area.There was no signifi-cant difference in the infection rate of SFGR,Ec,Ap,CNm,and Ft among different rats species,but there were significant differences in the infection rate of Ba(x2=13.36,P=0.010).The infection rate of Apodemus agrarius was the highest.A-mong 132 wild rats specimens,the coinfection rate of the two pathogens was 15.9％(21/132),with Ba as the main species(15/132),and two cases of coinfection with three pathogens were detected.The infection of six tick-borne pathogens is common in wild rats at the China/DPRK border.Co-infection of two or three pathogens indicates a risk of multiple tick-borne pathogens and mixed natural foci of multiple tick-borne infec-tious diseases.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between paroxysmal slow-wave events (PSWEs) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and CSVD-related cognitive impairment.Methods:Patients with CSVD visited Weihai Municipal Hospital from March 2021 to April 2022 were included, and sex- and age-matched healthy controls were recruited for cross-sectional analysis. The patients with CSVD were further divided into cognitive impairment group and non-cognitive impairment group. The self-developed Python script was used to detect the PSWE parameters in electroencephalogram records. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to evaluate cognitive function. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether PWSE parameters were the independent related factors of CSVD and CSVD-related cognitive impairment. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between the PSWE parameters and overall cognitive function (MoCA total score) in patients with CSVD. Results:A total of 76 patients with CSVD (including 41 patients with cognitive impairment and 35 patients without cognitive impairment) and 45 healthy controls were included. Compared with the healthy control group, PWSEs in the F3 (left frontal area) and O1 (left occipital area) regions of the CSVD group occurred more frequently and lasted longer (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency (odds ratio [ OR] 1.080, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.023-1.140; P=0.005) and duration ( OR 1.006, 95% CI 1.001-1.011; P=0.023) of PWSEs in the left frontal area, as well as the frequency ( OR 1.052, 95% CI 1.010-1.095; P=0.014) and duration ( OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.000-1.006; P=0.028) of PWSEs in the left occipital region were the independent related factors for CSVD. The frequency ( OR 1.106, 95% CI 1.033-1.183; P=0.004) and duration ( OR1.010, 95% CI 1.003-1.017; P=0.004) of PWSEs in the left frontal area were the independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with CSVD. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the frequency ( β= –0.242, P=0.045) and duration ( β= –0.235, P=0.046) of PWSEs in the left frontal region were negatively correlated with the overall cognitive function score in patients with CSVD. Conclusions:The frequency and duration of PSWEs in some brain regions of patients with CSVD increase, and there is an independent correlation between PSWEs and cognitive impairment, suggesting that the damage of blood-brain barrier may participate in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in patients with CSVD.