Objective The study aimed to elucidate the population composition and seasonal distribution characteristics of mosquitoes in Laoshan District, Qingdao City, providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases. Methods Mosquito surveillance was conducted in Laoshan District in Qingdao City using light traps from April to November 2020-2022. Dominant mosquito species were identified using the Berger-Parker dominance index(I)and mosquito density was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. The seasonal distribution characteristics of adult mosquitoes were analyzed using concentration and circular distribution method. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between mosquito populations and meteorological factors with mean monthly temperature, mean monthly relative humidity, and mean monthly rainfall. Results The mean mosquito density for the trapping period was 9.771 females/(trap·night)in 2020,9.771 in 2021, and 9.427 in 2022. There was no statistically significant difference in mosquito density between different years(H = 0.095, P = 0.954). In total, 2 781 adult female mosquitoes comprising five species from four genera were captured over three years. Culex pipiens(I = 0.654), Aedes albopictus(I = 0.202), and Aedes aegypti(I = 0.118)were identified as dominant species. Seasonal fluctuations in the adult mosquitoes were unimodal, and primarily concentrated from June to September. The peak period of adult mosquito varied between years with statistical significance. (F = 3.838, P ＜ 0.05). Mosquito density was highly correlated with mean monthly temperature, mean monthly relative humidity and mean monthly precipitation(P＜ 0.05). Conclusions Cx. pipiens pallens, Ae. albopictus, and Ar. inamoratus are the dominant mosquito species in the Laoshan District of Qingdao City. The activity of adult mosquitoes is seasonal, and primarily concentrated in summer and autumn, during which the risk of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever is increased.

Based on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory and modern scientific research， and in accordance with the core functions of the Belt Channel in girdling and regulation of qi movement， a preliminary framework of the Belt Channel network hypothesis is constructed. It is proposed that the Belt Channel network consists of three synergistic subsystems， fascial biomechanics， neural conduction， and endocrine metabolism. Structurally， it is based on a "biomechanical ring" formed by the transversalis fascia and the core muscle group. Functionally， it integrates signals through the lumbosacral plexus and the autonomic nervous system， and is capable of regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axis and immune homeostasis. Compared with other longitudinal meridians， the uniqueness of the Belt Channel network lies in its dual regulatory effects in coordinating somatic and visceral girdling and in maintaining systemic homeostasis. By integrating the traditional theory of the Belt Channel with mechanisms identified in modern research， this study provides new insights into the modern interpretation of the Belt Channel functions in girdling and regulation of qi movement， as well as the expansion of its clinical applications.

ObjectiveTo clarify whether METTL14 mediates the core role of acupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) in promoting myelination and improving behavior in young autistic rats through gene intervention technology. MethodsThe ASD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of valproic acid (VPA) in pregnant rats. Male offspring were intracerebroventricularly injected with adenovirus-packaged METTL14 shRNA (sh-METTL14) or its control (sh-NC) on postnatal day 1, with a model group set as well. Subsequently, the juvenile rats were divided into model group, acupuncture group, acupuncture+sh-NC group, and acupuncture+sh-METTL14 group. The acupuncture group received acupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) from postnatal day 7, once daily for 21 consecutive days. Neurobehavioral changes were evaluated by behavioral tests; METTL14 knockdown efficiency and the expression of METTL14, METTL3, and PTEN were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB); PTEN m⁶A levels were measured by RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (RIP-qPCR); myelin ultrastructure, expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and neurofascin 155 (NF155), and dendritic spine density were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and primary neuron culture. ResultsBehaviorally, knockdown of METTL14 significantly counteracted the beneficial effects of acupuncture in improving self-grooming, open field exploration, three-chamber social interaction, and Morris water maze learning and memory (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the acupuncture+sh-NC group, the acupuncture+sh-METTL14 group showed significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of hippocampal METTL14 (P<0.01), and the upregulating effects of acupuncture on METTL3 and PTEN expression were reversed (P<0.01). Meanwhile, knockdown of METTL14 significantly inhibited the acupuncture-induced increase in PTEN m⁶A levels (P<0.01). Morphologically, knockdown of METTL14 attenuated the improvement of myelin structure by acupuncture, reversed the downregulation of MBP and upregulation of NF155 induced by acupuncture, and blocked the increase in dendritic spine density (P<0.05, P<0.01). ConclusionMETTL14 is a key molecule mediating the therapeutic effect of acupuncture at Neiguan. Acupuncture at Neiguan upregulates METTL14, thereby enhancing m⁶A methylation modification of PTEN mRNA to stabilize its expression, ultimately promoting myelin development and improving behavioral symptoms in ASD juvenile rats. This preliminarily reveals the modern biological connotation of “opening Xuanfu and dredging myelin”.

ObjectiveTo clarify whether METTL14 mediates the core role of acupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) in promoting myelination and improving behavior in young autistic rats through gene intervention technology. MethodsThe ASD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of valproic acid (VPA) in pregnant rats. Male offspring were intracerebroventricularly injected with adenovirus-packaged METTL14 shRNA (sh-METTL14) or its control (sh-NC) on postnatal day 1, with a model group set as well. Subsequently, the juvenile rats were divided into model group, acupuncture group, acupuncture+sh-NC group, and acupuncture+sh-METTL14 group. The acupuncture group received acupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) from postnatal day 7, once daily for 21 consecutive days. Neurobehavioral changes were evaluated by behavioral tests; METTL14 knockdown efficiency and the expression of METTL14, METTL3, and PTEN were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB); PTEN m⁶A levels were measured by RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (RIP-qPCR); myelin ultrastructure, expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and neurofascin 155 (NF155), and dendritic spine density were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and primary neuron culture. ResultsBehaviorally, knockdown of METTL14 significantly counteracted the beneficial effects of acupuncture in improving self-grooming, open field exploration, three-chamber social interaction, and Morris water maze learning and memory (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the acupuncture+sh-NC group, the acupuncture+sh-METTL14 group showed significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of hippocampal METTL14 (P<0.01), and the upregulating effects of acupuncture on METTL3 and PTEN expression were reversed (P<0.01). Meanwhile, knockdown of METTL14 significantly inhibited the acupuncture-induced increase in PTEN m⁶A levels (P<0.01). Morphologically, knockdown of METTL14 attenuated the improvement of myelin structure by acupuncture, reversed the downregulation of MBP and upregulation of NF155 induced by acupuncture, and blocked the increase in dendritic spine density (P<0.05, P<0.01). ConclusionMETTL14 is a key molecule mediating the therapeutic effect of acupuncture at Neiguan. Acupuncture at Neiguan upregulates METTL14, thereby enhancing m⁶A methylation modification of PTEN mRNA to stabilize its expression, ultimately promoting myelin development and improving behavioral symptoms in ASD juvenile rats. This preliminarily reveals the modern biological connotation of “opening Xuanfu and dredging myelin”.

ObjectiveTo investigate the functional role and underlying molecular mechanisms of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase （FAH） in the progression of glioblastoma （GBM）. MethodsDifferential expression analysis was performed on the TCGA-GBM， GSE4290， and GSE116520 datasets. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis （WGCNA） was used to identify key modules， and Cox regression and risk modeling were used to screen prognostic genes. Immune infiltration analysis of prognostic genes was carried out by using single-cell RNA sequencing panels. The clinical expression signature of FAH in GBM was analyzed in the TCGA and HPA databases. The functional role of FAH was validated by in vitro and in vivo experiments， and pathway analysis was performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. ResultsA total of 152 overlapping genes were identified across the three GBM datasets （P<0.05）. WGCNA revealed that the turquoise module was most strongly associated with tumor purity， stromal score， immune score， and ESTIMATE score （P<0.001）. Compared with normal tissues， three prognostic genes （CTSD， FAH， and THBD） were upregulated in GBM and correlated with immune infiltration （P<0.05）. FAH mRNA and protein levels were elevated in GBM tissues relative to normal tissues， and its expression was significantly associated with age stratification and TP53 mutation （P<0.05）. CCK-8 assay results showed that， compared with the shNC group， the proliferative activity of GBM cells in the shFAH group was reduced （P<0.001）. Transwell migration and invasion assays demonstrated that， relative to the shNC group， the numbers of migrated and invaded cells in the shFAH group decreased （P<0.05）. Western blot analysis revealed that the protein expression levels of PI3K， p-AKT， and p-mTOR in the shFAH group decreased compared with those in the shNC group （P<0.05）. In vivo subcutaneous xenograft experiments further confirmed that tumor volume and weight significantly decreased in the shFAH group compared with the shNC group （P<0.001）. ConclusionFAH promotes GBM progression by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for GBM.

ObjectiveIn order to provide a reference for the optimization of preparation process of stir-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma（sf-GRR）， the quality changes during the processing was studied. MethodsGlycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma was processed by stir-frying for 17 min， and samples were collected every 1 min during the processing. The appearance color of the samples was determined by visual analysis technology， the moisture and extract of the process samples were detected by the drying method and the hot extraction method of alcohol-soluble extract in the general rules of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia（part Ⅳ）， and the contents of liquiritin apioside， liquiritin， isoliquiritin apioside， isoliquiritin， licoricesaponin G₂ and glycyrrhizic acid in the process samples were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. Then principal component analysis（PCA）， partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） and Spearman correlation analysis were used for clustering， discrimination and correlation analysis of the appearance color， moisture， extract and the contents of six internal components. Based on artificial neural network and random forest algorithm， the prediction model of processing degree of sf-GRR was established. On this basis， based on the five principles of quality marker（Q-Maker）， explore the monitoring Q-Maker of sf-GRR. ResultsThe color of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma deepened after stir-frying， and the appearance color of the sample changed from light yellow to dark yellow during processing. During the stir-frying process， the moisture content showed a decreasing trend with the extension of processing time， while the extract content showed an increasing trend with the extension of processing time. After stir-frying， the contents of liquiritin apioside， liquiritin and licoricesaponin G₂ showed an overall decreasing trend， while the contents of isoliquiritin apioside and isoliquiritin increased， and the content of glycyrrhizic acid increased slightly. The correlation analysis showed that moisture was positively correlated with brightness（L^*） and red/green value（a^*）， and negatively correlated with yellow/blue value（b^*） and total color difference（E^*ab）. Isoliquiritin apioside and isoliquiritin had negative correlation with L^* and a^*， and positive correlation with b^* and E^*ab. The processing process of sf-GRR could be divided into two stages of the early stage（0-14 min） and the late stage（15-17 min）， and could be divided into three stages of the early stage（0-6 min）， the middle stage（7-14 min） and the late stage（15-17 min） by combining the moisture， extract， the contents of 6 components and color values. Based on artificial neural network analysis and random forest algorithm， isoliquiritin apioside， isoliquiritin， liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid were selected as monitoring markers for sf-GRR. ConclusionBased on the analysis of the exterior-interior indicators of process samples of sf-GRR， this paper ultimately identifies four processing monitoring markers， which can provide a basis for optimizing the processing technology of sf-GRR.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of frailty among older adults diagnosed with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS).Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study involving patients aged 65 years and older with NSTE-ACS, who were admitted to the Cardiology Center and the Department of Geriatrics at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, between January 2020 and November 2021.Patients were categorized into non-frail, pre-frail, and frail groups based on the FRAIL scale.We collected clinical data, including general health conditions, comorbidities, laboratory results, treatments, and comprehensive geriatric assessments.Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors associated with frailty and pre-frailty in older adults with NSTE-ACS.Results:A total of 528 patients with NSTE-ACS were included in the study, comprising 308 males(58.3%)and 220 females(41.7%). The age range of participants was from 65 to 90 years, with a median age of 72(68, 76)years.The prevalence of frailty among older adults with NSTE-ACS was 11.4%(60/528), while pre-frailty was observed in 51.9%(274/528), and non-frailty in 36.7%(194/528). Compared to the non-frail and pre-frail groups, patients in the frail group were older, had a higher proportion of females, exhibited a greater prevalence of chronic diseases, and presented with elevated inflammatory markers.Additionally, frail patients demonstrated poorer nutritional status and reduced functional ability(all P<0.005). Risk factors for frailty in older adults with NSTE-ACS included older age( OR=1.110, 95% CI: 1.032-1.194, P=0.005), diabetes( OR=2.489, 95% CI: 1.091-5.679, P=0.030), cerebrovascular disease ( OR=4.151, 95% CI: 1.660-10.384, P=0.002), chronic kidney disease ( OR=42.874, 95% CI: 3.957-464.513, P=0.002), and elevated white blood cell levels( OR=1.424, 95% CI: 1.125-1.802, P=0.003). Conversely, being male( OR=0.252, 95% CI: 0.105-0.604, P=0.002)was identified as a protective factor against frailty in this patient population.For pre-frail older adults with NSTE-ACS, identified risk factors included diabetes( OR=1.882, 95% CI: 1.199-2.955, P=0.006), cerebrovascular disease( OR=1.938, 95% CI: 1.176-3.195, P=0.009), and chronic kidney disease ( OR=12.137, 95% CI: 1.536-95.934, P=0.018). Similarly, being male( OR=0.601, 95% CI: 0.376-0.961, P=0.033)was also a protective factor for pre-frailty in older adults with NSTE-ACS. Conclusions:The prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty among older adults with NSTE-ACS is notably high.Common risk factors for frailty and pre-frailty in this population include female gender, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the predictive value of the reverse shock index multiplied by the Glasgow coma scale score (rSIG) for mortality of trauma patients.Methods:A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies on the predictive value of rSIG for mortality of trauma patients in the following databases from inception to April 2025, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed study quality according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included studies. Meta analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software with a bivariate mixed-effects model. The following metrics were used to assess the predictive value of rSIG for mortality in trauma patients, including sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve (AUC). The influence of various factors on the predictive performance of rSIG was examined, including injury type, study design, region, sample size, cut-off value, rSIG measurement time, and outcome measures. Additionally, sensitivity analysis, Fagan′s nomogram, and Deeks′ funnel plot were employed to assess the robustness of the findings, clinical applicability, and publication bias.Results:A total of 15 studies involving 710 612 trauma patients were included, 26 105 of whom were deceased. Meta analysis results showed that rSIG had a pooled sensitivity of 0.78(95% CI 0.71, 0.84), a pooled specificity of 0.78(95% CI 0.68, 0.86), a pooled PLR of 3.60(95% CI 2.46, 5.27), a pooled NLR of 0.28(95% CI 0.22, 0.36), a pooled DOR of 12.70(95% CI 8.10, 19.91), and an AUC of 0.85(95% CI 0.81, 0.87) for predicting mortality of trauma patients. Subgroup analysis identified injury type as one of the major sources of heterogeneity, and the predictive specificity of rSIG was significantly higher in patients with multiple trauma (0.82) than in those with isolated traumatic brain injury (0.65) ( P<0.05). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the findings were robust and stable. Fagan′s nomogram showed that when the pre-test probability was 7%, the post-test probability of death increased to 21% in patients with low rSIG and decreased to 2% in those with high rSIG. Deeks′ funnel plots suggested no significant publication bias among the included studies ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Low rSIG has good predictive performance for mortality of trauma patients and can serve as an effective tool for early and rapid prognosis assessment with superior predictive performance in patients with multiple trauma compared to those with traumatic brain injury.

Objective:To explore the clinical features and molecular characteristics of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) patients with NFE2 gene mutations.Methods:Gene targeted sequencing was used to detect NFE2 gene mutation in 723 patients diagnosed with MPNs who were admitted to Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College between April 2021 and June 2023. The association between NFE2 gene mutations and clinical features and molecular characteristics of MPNs patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among 723 patients with MPNs, NFE2 gene mutations were found in 41 cases (5.7%) . NFE2 gene mutations were predominantly frameshift mutations (44.4%) , followed by nonsense mutations (33.3%) . The median number of mutations in patients with NFE2 gene mutations (4 [2,5]) was higher compared to the group without NFE2 gene mutations (2, [1,3]) ( P<0.001) . NFE2 gene mutations frequently co-occurred with mutations in MPL, ATM, PPM1D, and TET1. NFE2 gene mutations were mostly sub-clonal events, with 80.5% occurring after MPNs driver mutations (JAK2, CALR, or MPL) . NFE2 mutations were correlated with older age [median age: 60 (54, 67) years vs 54 (41, 63) years, P=0.001]. Patients with NFE2 gene mutations had a higher incidence of pre-diagnosis thrombosis (39.0% vs 22.0%, P=0.012) and pre-diagnosis arterial thrombosis (36.6% vs 20.4%, P=0.014) . Using a logistic regression analysis model adjusting for age and comorbidities (including chronic infections, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases) , NFE2 gene mutation was identified as an independent determinant of elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) ( OR=2.747, 95% CI: 1.143-6.605, P=0.024) , interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) ( OR=2.689, 95% CI: 1.191-6.076, P=0.017) , IL-10 ( OR=3.219, 95% CI: 1.343-7.717, P=0.009) , IL-12P70 ( OR=3.397, 95% CI:1.003-11.508, P=0.049) , IL-17 ( OR=2.284, 95% CI: 1.017-5.127, P=0.045) . In polycythaemia vera (PV) patients with the NFE2 gene mutation, the proportion of those classified as high-risk is notably higher in both the IWG-PV and mutation-enhanced international prognostic systems for PV (MIPSS-PV) (66.7% vs 25.3% for IWG-PV, P=0.033; 22.2% vs 2.0% for MIPSS-PV, P=0.013) . Similarly, for essential thrombocythaemia (ET) patients, the proportion in the high-risk group of the mutation-enhanced international prognostic systems for ET (MIPSS-ET) is significantly higher (15.4% vs 6.1%, P=0.021) . No statistically significant differences were observed in overall survival or cumulative incidence of thrombosis between NFE2-mutated (38 cases) and non-mutated MPNs patients (671 cases, P>0.05) . Conclusion:NFE2 gene mutations in MPNs were predominantly frameshift mutations. NFE2 gene mutations were correlated with older age, elevated levels of several inflammatory factors (including TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-10、IL-12P70、IL-17) , and they mostly occurred in late-stage of MPNs.

Objective:To investigate the clinical, laboratory, and prognostic features of myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS) patients harboring acute myeloid leukemia (AML) -like mutations.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed clinical, molecular, and outcome data from 1 464 adults with primary MDS diagnosed at the Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital from August 2016 to June 2024.Results:AML-like mutations were detected in 64 patients (4.4% ). Compared with patients without AML-like mutations, those with AML-like mutations were younger [median 50 ( IQR 39–60) vs 56 (45, 65) years; P=0.001], more often female (51.6% vs 35.4% ; P=0.009), had higher bone marrow blast percentage [6.5% (3.0%, 10.5% ) vs 2.5% (1.0%, 7.0% ) ; P<0.001], a higher rate of normal karyotype (75.0% vs 48.1% ; P<0.001), and lower hemoglobin levels [73 (67, 82) g/L vs 80 (66, 98) g/L; P=0.006]. The AML-like group had a higher number of gene mutations than the non-AML-like group [3 ( IQR 2–4) vs 2 (1, 3) ; P<0.001). It was enriched for mutations in NPM1, DNMT3A, WT1, PTPN11, NRAS, BCOR, FLT3, CEBPA, and MYC (all P<0.05) and had lower rates of U2AF1, ASXL1, and TP53 mutations (all P<0.05). Overall survival (OS) did not differ between groups ( P=0.730) ; however, the AML-like group had significantly shorter leukemia-free survival (LFS) [19 months (95% CI: 13–25) vs 46 months (95% CI: 38–54) ; P=0.012] and a higher 2-year cumulative incidence of AML transformation [ (41.7±9.1) % vs (10.4±1.1) % ; P<0.001]. Within the AML-like group, OS, LFS, and cumulative incidence of AML transformation did not differ between patients with low blasts and those with excess blasts (IB). Multivariable Cox regression identified age ≥60 years and PTPN11 mutations as independent adverse prognostic factors for OS, while DNMT3A, PTPN11, and FLT3 mutations independently predicted leukemic transformation. Conclusions:MDS patients harboring AML-like mutations exhibit distinct clinical and molecular features and a higher risk of progression to AML.