The external granular layer (EGL) is a transient yet crucial layer for the formation of cerebellar cortex. Genetic mechanisms, including the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway is key to the proliferation of granule cell progenitors (GCPs), and disruptions in this process can lead to cerebellar disorders like medulloblastoma and Dandy–Walker malformation (DWM).The review consolidates findings from studies on human cerebellar development, primarily focusing on neurogenesis, the role of genetic pathways in EGL regulation, and its involvement in congenital disorders. In total 42 articles were comprehensively reviewed and the research gaps in current research on human foetal cerebellum development was highlighted. The key findings from various sections of the review are summarized as follows. In terms of gestational development, the timeline for the appearance and regression of the EGL in humans remains imprecise. Regarding morphometry, the EGL thickness shows a marked increase between 16 and 28 gestational weeks, reaching an average peak of approximately 50.05 µm around 24th to 28th weeks, and then declines during the late third trimester. In the context of gene expression, SHH signalling plays a critical role in driving the proliferation of GCPs within the EGL. When considering congenital disorders, disruptions in EGL development are associated with conditions such as medulloblastomas, DWM, and pilocytic astrocytoma. The review highlights major research gaps and underscores the need for further human-specific studies to enhance understanding and guide therapies for cerebellar disorders.

The subhepatic position of the cecum and appendix is a result of embryological reasons. Subhepatic appendicitis can cause diagnostic dilemmas. During the dissection of an adult male cadaver aged approximately 70 years, the subhepatic position of the cecum and appendix was noted. The appendix made a "U"-shaped bend and its tip was located in the paracolic position. The cecum had appendices epiploicae, and the terminal part of the ileum was retroperitoneal and had ascended vertically to the cecum from the right iliac fossa. Functionally, the sessile part of the ileum might restrict its peristaltic movements. The abnormal position of the terminal ileum might be mistaken for an ascending colon during laparoscopic surgery. The subhepatic position of the cecum and appendix might cause confusion in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis because the tenderness in such cases is not located at the McBurney's point.
Adult ; Appendicitis ; Appendix* ; Cadaver ; Cecum* ; Colon, Ascending ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Ileum* ; Laparoscopy ; Male