The connection between tendons and bones is called the tendon bone connection. With the continuous improvement of national sports awareness, excessive exercises and the related intensity are prone to damage the tendon bone connection. Tendon bone healing is a complex repair and healing process involving multiple factors, and good tendon bone healing is a prerequisite for its physiological function. The complexity of tendon bone structure also poses great challenges to the repair of tendon bone injuries. In recent years, researches have found that stem cells, growth factors, macrophages, and other factors are closely related to the healing process of tendon bone injuries, among which macrophages play an important role in the healing process. The authors reviewed relevant research literature in recent years and summarized the role of macrophages in tendon bone healing, in order to provide new ideas and directions for treatment strategies to promote tendon bone healing.
Humans ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Wound Healing ; Animals ; Tendons/physiology* ; Bone and Bones/injuries* ; Tendon Injuries

The composition of the Gut Microbiome(GM)is regulated by numerous factors,including geography,ethnicity,diet,and genetics.This review systematically synthesizes studies on the GM across different geographic regions and ethnic minority groups in China.It focuses on elucidating the impact of geographical factors and ethnic backgrounds on GM composition and structure and provides an in-depth discussion on the association between ethnicity-specific microbial taxa,their metabolic functions,and susceptibility to diseases.By systematically comparing microbial compositional differences in microbiota-related diseases among different populations,this review aims to uncover the underlying patterns.The findings are expected to provide a theoretical foundation for ethnicity-specific GM research,the elucidation of disease mechanisms,and the development of targeted prevention and control strategies.

Although symptomatic treatment is widely applied in clinical practice， it is often regarded as a relatively low-level therapeutic method. Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） state theory， the macroscopic， mesoscopic， and microscopic characterization parameters of TCM symptomatology are horizontally integrated， the full life cycle of states （pre-disease， incipient disease， manifest disease， post-disease） is vertically covered， and the cognitive system of "symptoms" is reconstructed from multiple dimensions. Accordingly， the application approach of symptomatic treatment at different state stages is proposed： implementing preventive intervention in the pre-disease state， strengthening the interception of disease progression in the incipient disease state， regulating dynamic development and treatment in the manifest disease state， and formulating a staged diagnosis and treatment strategy which focuses on functional rehabilitation in the post-disease state.

The histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis reflect the complicated and varied interactions between tumor cells and host microenvironment. Exploring the tumor vascular and immunological features of HGPs, the relationship between HGPs and anti-tumor treatment efficacy, and HGPs prediction methods may have potential clinical aplication value for making optimal treatment strategies, evaluating patients' prognosis, and monitoring disease progression.

TCM functional exercises are the important means of TCM to prevent and cure diseases. By adjusting the bones and muscles externally, adjusting the heart and organs internally, promoting blood circulation, improving sleep disorders, enhancing metabolism and immune capacity, the aim of preventing and treating diseases, prolonging life span, and strengthening the body is achieved. TCM exercises have a significant effect on the treatment of various types of fatigue such as chronic fatigue syndrome, Exercise-induced fatigue, post-stroke fatigue, and cancer-related fatigue.

Gait deficits and balance disturbances are prevalent clinical features in Parkinson′s disease (PD). There is an increasing body of evidence pointing towards the degeneration of central cholinergic neurons as a crucial factor leading to these disturbances in PD. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the relevant research on the involvement of the central cholinergic system in the mechanisms underlying gait deficits and balance disturbance in PD. The aim is to provide new perspectives and insights for the treatment of gait deficits and balance disturbances in PD.

OBJECTIVE Exploring the TNC gene mutations in a family with hereditary hearing loss and their relationship with clinical phenotypes.METHODS Draw the family pedigree chart,analyze the inheritance pattern,and assess the clinical phenotypes of family members using audiologic,imaging,and vestibular function tests.Perform whole exome sequencing on six members of the family to identify candidate mutations potentially related to hearing loss,and validate the distribution of these candidate mutations within the family and in normal controls using Sanger sequencing.RESULTS A heterozygous mutation c.5110G>T(p.Ala1704Ser)in exon 17 of the TNC gene on chromosome 9 was identified in the family.This mutation is associated with hereditary hearing loss.Carriers of this gene mutation all presented with normal hearing at birth and hearing decline during childhood;imaging examinations showed no abnormalities in the middle ear or inner ear structures.CONCLUSION This study reports for the first time the association between the heterozygous mutation c.5110G>T(p.Ala1704Ser)in the TNC gene and hereditary hearing loss,providing new evidence for molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling in cases of hereditary hearing loss.

TCM believes that spleen deficiency is the root cause of emotional abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and clinical treatment often involves the heart, liver and kidney. TCM therapy has a significant efficacy in CFS emotional abnormalities. It is mostly treated with oral administration of TCM, acupuncture, moxibustion and massage therapy. It may play a therapeutic role by improving oxidative stress and immune inflammation, regulating nerve-endocrine, controlling energy metabolism and other ways. It is suggested to establish the syndrome differentiation standard of CFS emotional abnormality in the future, so as to improve the accuracy of syndrome differentiation and treatment; form a perfect treatment guide or expert consensus to guide the standardized application of various internal and external treatment methods; explore objective indicators based on the pathogenesis, and focus on the morphological and functional changes of disease target brain regions with the help of neuroimaging techniques, so as to improve the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of CFS; based on the guidance of TCM theory, improve the CFS emotional abnormal animal modeling method.

Objective To observe the value of shear wave elastography(SWE),superb microvascular imaging(SMI)and their combination with conventional ultrasound for diagnosing cervical cancer.Methods Data of 178 patients with cervical lesion confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into malignant group(n=32)and benign group(n=146),and those in benign group were further divided into low-grade or high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia subgroups,cervical leiomyosarcoma subgroup,cervical polyps subgroup and cervicitis subgroup.The manifestations of lesion on conventional ultrasound,SWE and SMI were observed,and the mean value of Young's modulus(Emean)and SMI flow index(Ratio)were collected.The optimal cut-off value of SWE Emean and SMI Ratio were obtained with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,and the classification of benign or malignant lesions were predicted.The consistency of predictive results and pathology results were assessed with the Kappa test.The diagnostic efficacies of conventional ultrasound,SWE and SMI alone and their combination were compared.Results The age of patients in malignant group was higher than that in benign group(P＜0.05).SWE Emean and SMI Ratio were both higher in malignant group than those in each benign subgroup(all P＜0.05).Taken 44.35 kPa and 3.95％ as the best cut-off values,the consistency of SWE Emean classification results and pathological results was good(Kappa=0.818),while of SMI Ratio was moderate(Kappa=0.453).The efficacy of conventional ultrasound,SWE and SMI alone for classifying benign and malignant cervical lesions(AUC=0.845,0.914,0.892)were all higher than that of their combination(AUC=0.806,all adjusted P＜0.05).The sensitivity of SWE and SMI for diagnosing cervical cancer was 90.60％ and 93.78％ respectively,with specificity of 95.20％ and 72.60％,respectively.Conclusion SWE hag higher efficacy for diagnosing cervical cancer,while SMI had better sensitivity but lower specificity.Combination of conventional ultrasound,SWE and SWI did not increase the efficacy of ultrasound for diagnosing cervical cancer.

Breast cancer has been the second most common solid tumor that metastasizes to the central nervous system after lung cancer.Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)has an earlier occurrence and high incidence of brain metastasis with its associated poor prognosis and limited treatment options due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier and lack of targeted drugs.Local treatment,including surgery and radiation therapy,are still the main therapy for brain metastasis.Surgical resection can not only relieve neurologic impairment of brain metastasis patients,but also can clarify the pathological type.Moreover,surgical resection combined with radiotherapy can improve the prognosis of brain metastasis patients compared to surgery or radiotherapy alone.By now,whole-brain radiation therapy(WBRT)is still considered the gold standard for multiple brain metastases,and meningeal metastases,but it will lead to neurocognitive decline,so hippocampal avoidance is essential.For selected patients with oligometastases,stereotactic radiotherapy has replaced WBRT to reduce cognitive toxicity.However,local treatment of TNBC brain metastasis cannot control the progress of brain metastasis and has significant side effects,so systemic therapy is needed.Chemotherapy drugs such as capecitabine and cisplatin can penetrate the blood-brain barrier,but their efficacy is limited.Therefore,the research and development of new targeted drugs and the exploration of new targets are necessary for TNBC brain metastasis.Research has found that patients carrying germline BRCA1/2 mutations have a higher risk of brain metastasis.Currently,the poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase(PARP)inhibitor demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with advanced breast cancer and a germline BRCA1/2 mutation,and it can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.The phase Ⅲ trial EMBRACA reported that the PARP inhibitor talazoparib can prolong the progression-free survival of TNBC patients with brain metastasis.In addition,antibody drug conjugates(ADCs)trastuzumab deruxtecan(T-DXd)can also penetrate the blood-brain barrier.Studies such as DEBBRAH have shown that T-DXd has significant therapeutic effects in HER2 positive brain metastasis patients,while research on HER2 low expression patients has not yet reached the endpoint,and its role in TNBC brain metastasis is worth looking forward to.Sacituzumab govitecan(SG)is also an ADC composed of an antibody targeting the human trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2.The phase Ⅲ ASCENT study showed that in the full population(including 61 patients with brain metastasis),SG could significantly prolong the progression-free survival of advanced TNBC patients compared to the patients who received chemotherapy.ANG1005,a novel taxane derivative,can cross the blood-brain barrier as well.A multicenter,open-label phase Ⅱ study revealed that ANG1005 could prolong overall survival of patients with brain metastasis.In addition,phosphoinositide3-kinase,(PI3K)/protein kinase(AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway inhibitors,fatty acid synthase inhibitors,and the drugs with new delivery systems have become potential treatment options for TNBC brain metastasis patients.Although the Impassion 130 reported that no benefit trend for immunotherapy in TNBC brain metastasis,basic research has shown that radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy has a synergistic effect.Currently,multiple clinical trials(NCT03483012,NCT03449238,etc.)are exploring the efficacy of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy in brain metastasis,and the results are promising.This article reviewed the research progress of TNBC brain metastasis treatment.