[摘 要] 目的：构建负载STING激动剂DMXAA的锰卟啉金属有机框架纳米颗粒（DPM），探讨其对三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）细胞4T1及其小鼠移植瘤的治疗效果。方法：通过物理吸附法制备 DPM 纳米颗粒，利用透射电镜、扫描电镜及纳米粒度电位仪表征其形貌与理化性质。常规培养4T1细胞，细胞实验分为对照组、超声辐照组（US组）、DPM治疗组（DPM组）和DPM治疗联合超声辐照组（DPM + US组），用CCK-8法检测细胞活性，免疫荧光法检测高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）和钙网蛋白（CRT）的表达，WB法检测STING通路相关蛋白的表达。构建4T1细胞移植瘤小鼠模型，分为四组，处理同细胞实验，测量肿瘤体积，免疫荧光法检测移植瘤组织中Ki-67、HMGB1、CRT和缺氧诱导因子-1ɑ（HIF-1ɑ）蛋白的表达，TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡，流式细胞术检测免疫细胞活化情况，对主要器官进行H-E染色，以评估纳米材料的体内安全性。结果：DPM呈梭形，平均粒径（268 ± 3.302）nm，电位（33.1 ± 0.87）mV。细胞实验中，DPM联合超声辐照可明显抑制4T1细胞的增殖（P < 0.001），提高4T1细胞中ROS水平（P < 0.001），诱导4T1细胞CRT表达上调（P < 0.001），HMGB1从细胞核中移至细胞质，激活STING信号通路[p-STING、p-TBK1、p-IRF3蛋白表达均显著增加（均P < 0.001）]。体内实验中，DPM联合超声辐照可显著抑制4T1细胞移植瘤生长（P < 0.001）并促进免疫细胞表型转化（P < 0.001），抑制移植瘤组织中Ki-67、HIF-1α蛋白表达（均P < 0.01），谷胱甘肽（GSH）产生（P < 0.01），促进CRT、HMGB1蛋白表达、ROS产生（P < 0.001），对主要器官结构无明显影响。结论： DPM联合超声辐照可通过激活STING通路显著抑制4T1细胞及其移植瘤的生长，诱导抗肿瘤免疫应答，且对主要器官无明显毒性。

Radar-based non-contact health monitoring technology (RBNHMT) has emerged as a transformative paradigm in continuous health sensing, enabling non-invasive and continuous monitoring of physiological parameters and behavioral patterns by transmitting electromagnetic waves, analyzing the reflected signals, and detecting subtle bodily movements—ranging from millimeter-scale chest wall displacements due to respiration to micro-scale vibrations associated with cardiac activity—ultimately transforming them into quantifiable health data. Distinguished by its non-contact operation, inherent privacy preservation, and adaptability to diverse scenarios, RBNHMT exhibits stronger resistance to environmental interference than conventional contact-based monitoring, and has solidified its position as a prominent and dynamic research focus in the field of non-contact health monitoring. Currently, significant and multifaceted progress has been made across several key areas. In human activity recognition (HAR), systems leveraging micro-Doppler signatures or point cloud sequences achieve high-precision detection of gait, gestures, and fall events, with state-of-the-art deep learning-based models achieving accuracy rates exceeding 99% in controlled experimental settings. For vital sign and sleep monitoring, it not only tracks respiratory and heart rates continuously but also extracts clinically relevant metrics such as heart rate variability (HRV) for autonomic nervous system assessment and estimates blood pressure through indirect methods like pulse transit time analysis, while maintaining robustness in dynamic settings through advanced motion compensation algorithms. In sleep monitoring, it further enables sleep posture classification and apnea event detection. In emotion and stress recognition, it provides a non-intrusive approach for psychological assessment by analyzing autonomic-response physiological signal patterns or behavioral features. Furthermore, its applications in auxiliary medical diagnosis have expanded to promising interdisciplinary areas such as non-contact heart sound auscultation, radar-based screening for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and emerging research into breast cancer detection using microwave and millimeter-wave imaging techniques. However, several challenges impede its practical deployment. Signal quality is significantly compromised by multipath interference in complex indoor environments and clutter from static objects, and by motion artifacts in dynamic scenarios where gross body movements obscure the subtle physiological signals. Algorithmically, separating signals from multiple targets in close proximity and calibrating for substantial individual physiological differences, such as body habitus, baseline vital signs, remain difficult and limit generalizability. Hardware design also faces the challenge of balancing power consumption, cost, integration, and performance, often requiring trade-offs that constrain miniaturization, battery life, or measurement sensitivity. Future advancement, therefore, requires collaborative and targeted innovation across multiple dimensions. Algorithmically, developing adaptive signal processing models based on emerging paradigms such as few-shot learning (for user-specific calibration with minimal data) and reinforcement learning (for dynamic noise suppression) is essential. At the hardware level, highly integrated radar SoCs with embedded processing capabilities and advanced packaging technologies are crucial for achieving the dual goals of device miniaturization and cost reduction without sacrificing performance. At the system level, fusing radar data with complementary modalities such as infrared and acoustic sensing can create a synergistic, multi-modal framework that significantly enhances perceptual robustness and reliability in complex, real-world environments. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis that systematically summarizes the relevant theoretical foundations and application progress, and offers an in-depth analysis of the current technical bottlenecks. It aims to provide a clear development path and a foundational academic reference for the in-depth integration and practical application of RBNHMT in critical scenarios including rehabilitation engineering, smart elderly care, in-vehicle health monitoring, and beyond, thereby offering innovative technical support for the vision of universal, proactive, and personalized health management.

ObjectiveTo analyze the data structure and standards of rehabilitation outpatient medical records, to provide data support for improving the quality of rehabilitation outpatient care and developing medical insurance payment policies. MethodsBased on the normative documents issued by the National Health Commission, Basic Standards for Medical Record Writing and Standards for Electronic Medical Record Sharing Documents, in accordance with the Quality Management Regulations for Outpatient (Emergency) Diagnosis and Treatment Information Pages (Trial), reference to the framework of the World Health Organization Family of International Classifications (WHO-FICs), the data framework and content of rehabilitation outpatient medical records were determined, and the data standards were discussed. ResultsThis study constructed a data framework for rehabilitation outpatient medical records, including four main components: patient basic information, visit process information, diagnosis and treatment information, and cost information. Three major reference classifications of WHO-FICs, International Classification of Diseases, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and International Classification of Health Interventions,were used to establish diagnostic standards and standardized terminology, as well as coding disease diagnosis, functional description, functional assessment, and rehabilitation interventions, to improve the quality of data reporting, and level of quality control in rehabilitation. ConclusionThe structuring and standardization of rehabilitation outpatient medical records are the foundation for sharing of rehabilitation data. The using of the three major classifications of WHO-FICs is valuable for the terminology and coding of disease diagnosis, functional description and assessment, and intervention in rehabilitation outpatient medical records, which is significant for sharing and interconnectivity of rehabilitation outpatient data, as well as for optimizing the quality and safety of rehabilitation medical services.

ObjectiveTo explore the standardization of inpatient rehabilitation medical record summary sheet, encompassing its structure, content and data standards, to enhance the standardization level of inpatient rehabilitation medical record summary sheet, improve data reporting quality, and provide accurate data support for medical insurance payment, hospital performance evaluation, and rehabilitation discipline evaluation. MethodsBased on the relevant specifications of the National Health Commission's Basic Norms for Medical Record Writing, Specifications for Sharing Documents of Electronic Medical Records, and Quality Management and Control Indicators for Inpatient Medical Record Summary Sheet (2016 Edition), this study analyzed the structure and content of the inpatient rehabilitation medical record summary sheet. The study systematically applied the three major reference classifications of the World Health Organization Family of International Classifications, International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10/ICD-11, ICD-9-CM-3), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI Beta-3), for disease diagnosis, functional description and assessment, and rehabilitation intervention, forming a standardized terminology system and coding methods. ResultsThe inpatient rehabilitation medical record summary sheet covered four major sections: inpatient information, hospitalization information, diagnosis and treatment information, and cost information. ICD-10/ICD-11 were the standards and coding tools for admission and discharge diagnoses in the inpatient rehabilitation medical record summary sheet. The three functional assessment tools recommended by ICD-11, the 36-item version of World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, Brief Model Disability Survey and Generic Functioning domains, as well as ICF, were used for rehabilitation functioning assessment and the coding of outcomes. ICHI Beta-3 and ICD-9-CM-3 were used for coding surgical procedures and operations in the medical record summary sheet, and also for coding rehabilitation intervention items. ConclusionThe inpatient rehabilitation medical record summary sheet is a summary of the relevant content of the rehabilitation medical record and a tool for reporting inpatient rehabilitation data. It needs to be refined and optimized according to the characteristics of rehabilitation, with necessary data supplemented. The application of ICD-11/ICD-10, ICF and ICHI Beta-3/ICD-9-CM-3 classification standards would comprehensively promote the accuracy of inpatient diagnosis of diseases and functions. Based on ICD-11 and ICF, relevant functional assessment result data would be added, and ICHI Beta-3/ICD-9-CM-3 should be used to code rehabilitation interventions. Improving the quality of rehabilitation medical records and inpatient rehabilitation medical record summary sheet is an important part of rehabilitation quality control, and also lays an evidence-based data foundation for the analysis and application of inpatient rehabilitation medical record summary sheet.

Objective To summarize the changing prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales based on the data of CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021 for improving antimicrobial treatment in clinical practice.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using a commercial automated susceptibility testing system according to the unified CHINET protocol.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints of the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)M100 31st ed in 2021.Results Over the seven-year period(2015-2021),the overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE)was 9.43％(62 342/661 235).The prevalence of CRE strains in Klebsiella pneumoniae,Citrobacter freundii,and Enterobacter cloacae was 22.38％,9.73％,and 8.47％,respectively.The prevalence of CRE strains in Escherichia coli was 1.99％.A few CRE strains were also identified in Salmonella and Shigella.The CRE strains were mainly isolated from respiratory specimens(44.23±2.80)％,followed by blood(20.88±3.40)％and urine(18.40±3.45)％.Intensive care units(ICUs)were the major source of the CRE strains(27.43±5.20)％.CRE strains were resistant to all the β-lactam antibiotics tested and most non-β-lactam antimicrobial agents.The CRE strains were relatively susceptible to tigecycline and polymyxins with low resistance rates.Conclusions The prevalence of CRE strains was increasing from 2015 to 2021.CRE strains were highly resistant to most of the antibacterial drugs used in clinical practice.Clinicians should prescribe antimicrobial agents rationally.Hospitals should strengthen antibiotic stewardship in key clinical settings such as ICUs,and take effective infection control measures to curb CRE outbreak and epidemic in hospitals.

Objective To characterize the changing species distribution and antibiotic resistance profiles of respiratory isolates in hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021.Methods Commercial automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems and disk diffusion method were used to test the susceptibility of respiratory bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents following the standardized technical protocol established by the CHINET program.Results A total of 589 746 respiratory isolates were collected from 2015 to 2021.Overall,82.6％of the isolates were Gram-negative bacteria and 17.4％were Gram-positive bacteria.The bacterial isolates from outpatients and inpatients accounted for(6.0±0.9)％and(94.0±0.1)％,respectively.The top microorganisms were Klebsiella spp.,Acinetobacter spp.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus,Haemophilus spp.,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,Escherichia coli,and Streptococcus pneumoniae.Each microorganism was isolated from significantly more males than from females(P＜0.05).The overall prevalence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)was 39.9％.The prevalence of penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae was 1.4％.The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL)-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae was 67.8％and 41.3％,respectively.The overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli,K.pneumoniae,Enterobacter cloacae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Acinetobacter baumannii was 3.7％,20.8％,9.4％,29.8％,and 73.3％,respectively.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 96.1％in Moraxella catarrhalis and 60.0％in Haemophilus influenzae.The H.influenzae isolates from children(＜18 years)showed significantly higher resistance rates to β-lactam antibiotics than the isolates from adults(P＜0.05).Conclusions Gram-negative bacteria are still predominant in respiratory isolates associated with serious antibiotic resistance.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance should be strengthened in clinical practice to support accurate etiological diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting memory,learn-ing,and cognitive functions.It poses a significant health concern for the elderly,but effective treatments are lacking.Its main pathological features are amyloid β(Aβ)deposits forming senile plaques(SPs)and neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs)formed by hyperphosphorylated tau(p-Tau).These pathological changes often induce oxidative stress,which is an important pathological mechanism in AD.Oxidative stress is closely associated with Aβ and Tau deposition and is a potential target for intervention in the treatment of AD.However,the pathological mechanisms leading to AD are multifactorial,and AD oxida-tive stress often interacts with other mechanisms to jointly influence the AD process.Therefore,this paper focuses on the regulatory relationship between mitophagy,neuroinflammation,neuronal apoptosis and nu-clear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)and oxidative stress.By elucidating the relationship be-tween the pathological features,oxidative stress and its regulatory mechanism of AD,potential effective intervention targets were found.At present,numerous studies have indicated that exercise can alleviate oxidative stress in AD and improve cognitive function,but the underlying molecular mechanisms require further clarification.Therefore,we further discussed the mechanism by which exercise regulates oxidative stress and related molecular signaling pathways,and clarified that exercise may ameliorate AD oxidative stress by affecting these signaling pathways,thereby improving AD-related pathological features and cog-nitive function.It is helpful to understand the pathogenesis of AD from the perspective of molecular mechanism and provide theoretical support for scientific and effective exercise intervention to prevent and cure AD.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of immune exhaustion in sepsis and analyze its association with gut microbiota translocation.Methods A total of 130 mice were randomly divided into a cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)group(n=100)and a Sham group(n=30)Mouse model of sepsis was established with CLP procedure.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportions of peripheral blood CD4+T and CD8+T cells and programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)positive T cell subsets in mice.Bacterial colonization in organs such as the heart,liver and kidneys was quantified by plating homogenates of the organs.Pathological changes in immune organs were observed with HE staining.The expression and localization of CD4?,CD8?,and PD-1?cells in immune organs were detected with immunohistochemical staining,and Image J software was employed for subsequent quantification of the number of the positive cells.Results HE staining demonstrated that immune organs exhibited varying degrees of pathological damages with disease progression.Compared with the Sham mice,the CLP mice exhibited significantly increased bacterial colonization in parenchymal organs and peripheral blood(P<0.05),notably in the liver,which showed the most severe infection.In the CLP group,the proportion of CD4+T lymphocytes in peripheral blood at days 1,3,and 5 postoperatively was decreased by 56%,70.57%,and 87.42%,respectively,when compared with the Sham group(P<0.001).The proportion of CD8+T lymphocytes was decreased by 48.33%relative to the Sham group only at day 5(P<0.001).In contrast,the proportion of CD4+T cell subsets expressing PD-1 was increased to 673.08,423.08,and 600 times that of the Sham group,respectively,at the same postoperative time points(P<0.001).Immunohistochemical results showed that,in the CLP group,the proportion of CD4+T cells in the thymus,spleen,and mesenteric lymph nodes was increased to 7.65,2.66,and 3.7 times that of the Sham group,respectively,at the early-stage peak(P<0.001),and then these proportions were decreased by 82.8%(P<0.001),41.9%(P<0.01),and 60.15%(P<0.001),respectively,at the late-stage trough when compared with the early-stage peak in the corresponding organs.The proportion of CD8+positive cells was increased in the early stage and then decreased insignificantly,while the proportion of PD-1+positive cells was increased continuously,and reached 6.24,13.9,and 20.96 times that of the Sham group at the peak in the thymus,spleen,and mesenteric lymph nodes respectively(P<0.001),with their expression regions showing a rough overlap with those of CD4+cells.Conclusion During sepsis,the inflammatory response can cause severe damage to immune organs and persistent exhaustion of CD4?T lymphocytes,leading to declined defenses against infection,which may be the main causes for exacerbated gut microbiota translocation and then systemic infection.

Adenosine triphosphate(ATP),as the core energy metabolism molecule in living systems,has dynamic changes closely related to fundamental physiological processes.To meet the urgent demand for spatiotemporal ATP detection in vivo and in situ,the development of highly sensitive multifunctional synchronous sensing fluorescent probes has become a recent research focus.These dual-function probes achieve fluorescence detection of dual targets by designing recognition sites for ATP alongside biological factors or microenvironment parameters such as reactive oxygen/nitrogen/sulfur species,metal ions,and enzymes,enabling physiological/pathological state correlation analysis through bioimaging.This paper systematically reviews recent advances in fluorescent probes for the collaborative detection of ATP and key biomolecules.It specifically examines probe construction strategies based on specific molecular recognition mechanisms(e.g.,metal coordination competition,electrostatic interactions,and host-guest recognition),multi-modal optical signal transduction mechanisms(ratiometric fluorescence,fluorescence lifetime,and photodynamic therapy),and their applications in pathological models such as oxidative stress monitoring,metal homeostasis imbalance,and enzyme activity co-detection.Finally,from the perspective of molecular probe engineering,current challenges and future research directions are proposed to provide methodological support for precise analysis of ATP-related life process regulation networks.

Aim To explore the mechanism of ligustil-ide(LIG)improving demyelination by inhibiting in-flammatory response in mice with distal middle cerebral artery occlusion(dMCAO)through AIM2/caspase-1 signal pathway.Methods Thirty C57BL/6N male mice were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation group(Sham group,n=10),model group(dMCAO group,n=10)and treatment group(LIG group,n=10).The dMCAO mouse model was estab-lished by electrocoagulation in dMCAO group and LIG group.The mice were scored by Longa after waking up,and the changes of cerebral blood flow were moni-tored by laser speckle blood flow imaging system after dMCAO.One hour after modeling,LIG(30 mg·kg-1·d-1)was injected intraperitoneally in LIG group,and the same amount of normal saline was injected in sham group and dMCAO group for one week until the end of the experiment.The mice in each group were stained with TTC,and the brain injury was observed pathologically.Fatigue turning bar test and open field test were used to evaluate the motor function and anxie-ty degree of mice,and then the brain tissues of mice were taken for black gold staining to compare the chan-ges of myelin sheath in each group.Immunofluores-cence staining was used to detect the average fluores-cence intensity of MBP,IBA1 and GFAP in CC,CPU and CX regions of mouse brains.ELISAwas used to de-tect the contents of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1 β,IL-17A and BDNF in brain tissue proteins of mice.Western blot-ting was used to detect the protein expressions of AIM2,caspase-1 and ASC-in each group.Results Compared with the dMCAO group,the infarct area was reduced,the behavior was significantly improved and the demyelination was reduced in the LIG group.The expression of MBP protein in CC,CPU and CX regions increased(P＜0.05),the expression of IBA1 in CX decreased(P＜0.01),and the expression of GFAP in-creased in CC,CPU and CX regions(P＜0.01).The results of ELISA showed that the levels ofTNF-α(P＜0.01),IL-6(P＜0.01),IL-1β(P＜0.05)and IL-17A(P＜0.01)significantly decreased,while the ex-pression of BDNF increased(P＜0.05).The protein expression levels of AIM2,caspase-1 and ASC in mouse brain decreased after treatment(P＜0.01).Conclusion LIG has a protective effect on demyelina-tion in dMCAO mice,which may be related to the inhi-bition of AIM2/caspase-1 signaling pathway and in-flammation and to the promotion of BDNF secretion.