The liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue are central energy-metabolizing organs and insulin-sensitive tissues, playing a crucial role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. As the powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria not only regulate insulin secretion but also oversee the oxidative phosphorylation and β-oxidation of fatty acids, processes vital for the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, as well as the synthesis of ATP. The mitochondrial quality control system is of paramount importance for sustaining mitochondrial homeostasis, achieved through mechanisms such as protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and biogenesis. Evidence suggests that dysfunctional mitochondria may significantly contribute to insulin resistance and ectopic fat storage in the liver, offering new insights into the strong correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This manuscript aims to delve into the precise mechanisms by which imbalances in mitochondrial quality control lead to metabolic disorders in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, the 3 major insulin-sensitive organs. In the liver, mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism, resulting in insulin resistance and fat accumulation—a key factor in the development of NAFLD. In skeletal muscle, reduced mitochondrial function can decrease ATP production, weakening the muscle’s ability to uptake glucose, thereby exacerbating insulin resistance. In adipose tissue, mitochondrial dysfunction can impair adipocyte function, leading to lipotoxicity and inflammatory responses,which further contribute to insulin resistance and the onset of metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the interorgan crosstalk among these 3 tissues is essential for overall metabolic homeostasis. For instance, hepatic gluconeogenesis and glucose utilization in skeletal muscle are both influenced by the health status of their respective mitochondrial populations. The conversion between different types of adipose tissue and the ability to store lipids depend on normal mitochondrial function to avert ectopic fat accumulation in other organs. In summary, this manuscript emphasizes the critical role of mitochondrial quality control in maintaining the metabolic stability of the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. It elucidates the specific mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction in these organs contributes to the development of metabolic diseases, providing a foundation for future research and the development of therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.

Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair has become the most important and widely recognized method for the treatment of patients with severe mitral regurgitation who are at high risk for surgery.At present,TEER is developing rapidly in China,the operation process tends to be standardized and standardized,and various domestic Clip devices are also constantly developing and improving,but the operation process of this technology is very dependent on the guidance and monitoring of transesophageal echocardiography,and many surgeons often only pay attention to the repair effect of TEER on MR,and ignore the damage of TEE probe to the esophagus.This study reports a case of esophageal erosion occurring in a patient after mitral valve clipping for mitral regurgitation,aiming to enhance awareness among colleagues regarding esophageal injury caused by transesophageal echocardiography probes.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is one of the complications of diabetes.The onset of DCM is hidden and easy to be ignored.Myocardial injury is serious in the later stage and the prognosis is poor.At present,symptomatic treatment is the main clinical treatment.Cuproptosis is a novel cell death mode caused by imbalanced copper ion concentration in the body,leading to mitochondrial metabolic abnormalities,which is one of the important mechanisms of DCM.Targeted cuproptosis pathway therapy for DCM is currently a focus and hotspot of research.The"Qi Luo Theory"is one of the disciplinary branches of the theory of collateral diseases,which mainly operates the meridian Qi system.The syndrome and treatment system of collateral diseases cardiovascular diseases have important guiding significance for the treatment of DCM.Traditional Chinese medicine believes that deficiency and stagnation of Qi that in the collaterals are the root causes of DCM,with stasis and toxin obstructing collaterals and damage to the heart collaterals being the core of the disease.The ultimate outcome is the deficiency and decline of Qi,Blood,Yin,and Yang in the heart.The"Qi Luo Theory"and cuproptosis have similarities in physiological functions and pathological processes,and cuproptosis can be said to be one of the microscopic manifestations of the"Qi Luo theory".Based on this,the staged treatment principle of tonifying deficiency and promoting stagnation as the norm,attacking and supplementing simultaneously as the principle,and strengthening the body and consolidating the core has been proposed,in order to provide theoretical reference for the clinical treatment of DCM.

Objective To conduct a scoping review of studies related to latent class trajectory analysis of glucose metabolism indicators in diabetes mellitus patients,so as to clarify the method of latent category trajectory analysis,evaluation indicators and the changing trajectories of different glucose metabolism indicators in diabetes mellitus patients,and to establish foundation for diabetes management and research.Methods Based on Arksey's framework for scoping study,a literature search was performed in CNKI,Wanfang,CBM,Web of Science,PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,CINAHL database inception to January 28,2024.Totally 2 researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data.Results A total of 22 pieces of the literature were included.Latent class growth model was the most commonly used model in latent class trajectory analysis,and 4 softwares are available for implementation.The current evaluation indicators for trajectory results are various,with the Bayesian information criterion and average posterior probability as the most frequently utilized.Hemoglobin is the most commonly used glucose metabolism indicators for trajectory analysis,and the number of identified trajectories ranged from 2 to 5.Most studies showed that diabetic patients exhibited a"low-stable"pattern in glucose metabolism indicators.Conclusion Latent class trajectory analysis represents a novel longitudinal data analysis approach that can identify potential subgroups of diabetic patients with similar development trajectory.The models and evaluation indicators employed are diverse,and the stability test of the models can be enhanced in the future.Through trajectory identification,it is recommended that clinical staff pay greater attention to the longitudinal trend of the glucose metabolism indicators and incorporate it into the long-term blood glucose management goal of diabetic patients.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is one of the complications of diabetes.The onset of DCM is hidden and easy to be ignored.Myocardial injury is serious in the later stage and the prognosis is poor.At present,symptomatic treatment is the main clinical treatment.Cuproptosis is a novel cell death mode caused by imbalanced copper ion concentration in the body,leading to mitochondrial metabolic abnormalities,which is one of the important mechanisms of DCM.Targeted cuproptosis pathway therapy for DCM is currently a focus and hotspot of research.The"Qi Luo Theory"is one of the disciplinary branches of the theory of collateral diseases,which mainly operates the meridian Qi system.The syndrome and treatment system of collateral diseases cardiovascular diseases have important guiding significance for the treatment of DCM.Traditional Chinese medicine believes that deficiency and stagnation of Qi that in the collaterals are the root causes of DCM,with stasis and toxin obstructing collaterals and damage to the heart collaterals being the core of the disease.The ultimate outcome is the deficiency and decline of Qi,Blood,Yin,and Yang in the heart.The"Qi Luo Theory"and cuproptosis have similarities in physiological functions and pathological processes,and cuproptosis can be said to be one of the microscopic manifestations of the"Qi Luo theory".Based on this,the staged treatment principle of tonifying deficiency and promoting stagnation as the norm,attacking and supplementing simultaneously as the principle,and strengthening the body and consolidating the core has been proposed,in order to provide theoretical reference for the clinical treatment of DCM.

Objective To conduct a scoping review of studies related to latent class trajectory analysis of glucose metabolism indicators in diabetes mellitus patients,so as to clarify the method of latent category trajectory analysis,evaluation indicators and the changing trajectories of different glucose metabolism indicators in diabetes mellitus patients,and to establish foundation for diabetes management and research.Methods Based on Arksey's framework for scoping study,a literature search was performed in CNKI,Wanfang,CBM,Web of Science,PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,CINAHL database inception to January 28,2024.Totally 2 researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data.Results A total of 22 pieces of the literature were included.Latent class growth model was the most commonly used model in latent class trajectory analysis,and 4 softwares are available for implementation.The current evaluation indicators for trajectory results are various,with the Bayesian information criterion and average posterior probability as the most frequently utilized.Hemoglobin is the most commonly used glucose metabolism indicators for trajectory analysis,and the number of identified trajectories ranged from 2 to 5.Most studies showed that diabetic patients exhibited a"low-stable"pattern in glucose metabolism indicators.Conclusion Latent class trajectory analysis represents a novel longitudinal data analysis approach that can identify potential subgroups of diabetic patients with similar development trajectory.The models and evaluation indicators employed are diverse,and the stability test of the models can be enhanced in the future.Through trajectory identification,it is recommended that clinical staff pay greater attention to the longitudinal trend of the glucose metabolism indicators and incorporate it into the long-term blood glucose management goal of diabetic patients.

Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair has become the most important and widely recognized method for the treatment of patients with severe mitral regurgitation who are at high risk for surgery.At present,TEER is developing rapidly in China,the operation process tends to be standardized and standardized,and various domestic Clip devices are also constantly developing and improving,but the operation process of this technology is very dependent on the guidance and monitoring of transesophageal echocardiography,and many surgeons often only pay attention to the repair effect of TEER on MR,and ignore the damage of TEE probe to the esophagus.This study reports a case of esophageal erosion occurring in a patient after mitral valve clipping for mitral regurgitation,aiming to enhance awareness among colleagues regarding esophageal injury caused by transesophageal echocardiography probes.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of miR-132-3p on calmodulin-binding transcription activator 1(CAMTA1)and Schwann cell activity in rats with facial nerve injury(FNI)treated with I-125 seeds.Methods Rat Schwann cells were irradiated with I-125 seeds and transfected with miR-132-3p mimic,miR-132-3p inhibitor or sh-CAMTA1.The expressions of S100B and β-tubulin Ⅲ in the cells were detected with immunofluorescence assay,and the expressions of miR-132-3p and CAMTA1 protein were determined using RT-qPCR and Western blotting,respectively.EdU staining and Transwell assay were used to evaluate the changes in cell proliferation and migration ability.In a rat model of FNI,I-125 seeds were implanted into the facial tissues near the facial nerve 2 weeks before modeling,and miR-132-3p mimic was injected subcutaneously in the face after modeling.The pathologies of the facial nerve was assessed by HE,LFB and immunofluorescence staining.The targeting relationship between miR-132-3p and CAMTA1 was verified using StarBase v2.0 database and dual-luciferase reporter assay.Results Rat Schwann cells showed high expressions of S100B and β-tubulin Ⅲ.I-125 seeds radiation significantly decreased miR-132-3p expression and repressed proliferation and migration of the cells(P<0.001).Overexpression of miR-132-3p or CAMTA1 knockdown obviously enhanced proliferation and migration of the Schwann cells,while miR-132-3p knockdown produced the opposite effect.MiR-132-3p negatively regulated CAMTA1 expression.In the rat models of FNI,miR-132-3p injection significantly inhibited CAMTA1 expression and attenuated I-125 seeds-induced exacerbation of FNI.Conclusion Overexpression of miR-132-3p suppresses CAMTA1 expression and promotes Schwann cell proliferation and migration to alleviate I-125 seeds-induced exacerbation of FNI in rats.

Endo-periodontal lesions(EPLs)involve both the periodontium and pulp tissue and have complicated etiologies and pathogenic mechanisms,including unique anatomical and microbiological characteristics and multiple contributing factors.This etiological complexity leads to difficulties in determining patient prognosis,posing great challenges in clinical practice.Furthermore,EPL-affected teeth require multidisciplinary therapy,including periodontal therapy,endodontic therapy and others,but there is still much debate about the appropriate timing of periodontal therapy and root canal therapy.By compiling the most recent findings on the etiology,pathogenesis,clinical characteristics,diagnosis,therapy,and prognosis of EPL-affected teeth,this consensus sought to support clinicians in making the best possible treatment decisions based on both biological and clinical evidence.