ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Jingui Shenqiwan （JSW） and Liuwei Dihuangwan （LDW） on the reproductive ability and brain function of normal mice and compare the actions of the two medications. MethodsSeven groups of female and male mice were divided at a ratio of 2∶1. Except for the control group， the other six groups were as follows： a group of both males and females receiving JSW （3.0 g·kg^-1）， a group of both males and females receiving LDW （4.5 g·kg^-1）， a group of males receiving water and females receiving JSW， a group of males receiving water while females receiving LDW， a group of females receiving water while males receiving JSW， and a group of females receiving water while males receiving LDW. Each group was administered the drug for 14 days and then caged together at a 2∶1 （female∶male） ratio to detect the number of pregnant mice and calculate the pregnancy rate. Pregnant mice continued receiving the drug until they naturally gave birth， which was followed by the observation of newborn mice， calculation of their average number， and the measurement of the offspring's preference for sugar water and neonatal recognition index. At the end of the experiment， the weights of the thymus and spleen were measured to calculate the organ coefficients， and mRNA or protein expression was analyzed in the brain and testes or ovaries. A 1% sucrose solution was used to examine the euphoria of their brain reward systems， while novel object recognition test （NOR） was applied to assess their memory capabilities. mRNA expression was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） assay， and protein expression was analyzed with Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group， oral administration of JSW to both male and female mice for 14 days significantly increased the pregnancy rate of female mice on day 2 after being caged together （P<0.05）， while LDW showed a trend but no statistical significance. Additionally， compared with the control group， JSW could upregulate the gene expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） in the thalamus， as well as reproductive stem cell factor （SCF） and tyrosine kinase receptor （c-Kit） in the testes and reproductive stem cell marker mouse vasa homologue （MVH） in the ovaries， upregulate the expression of proteins influencing neuronal functional activity， such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， in hippocampal neurons （P<0.05）， and enhance sucrose preference in male mice （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group， JSW significantly increased sucrose preference and novel object recognition index in offspring mice （P<0.05）， which was related to the upregulation of hippocampal dopamine D1 receptor （D1R） and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor （Nmdar） gene expression. Compared with the control group， both JSW and LDW could upregulate the protein expression of glucocorticoid receptor （GR）， BDNF， and tyrosine kinase receptor B （TrkB） in the hippocampus of offspring mice （P<0.05）. ConclusionJSW significantly enhances the reproductive ability of normal mice， which is not only related to the release of gonadotropin but also associated with its regulation of brain function. Additionally， JSW has a certain regulatory effect on the brain function of the offspring mice.

Chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) is a common long-term complication following lung surgery. Its high incidence significantly impacts patients’ quality of life and functional recovery, and imposes a substantial socioeconomic burden. This consensus aims to systematically establish a standardized integrated Chinese and Western medicine diagnostic and treatment framework for chronic post-lung surgery pain (CPLSP). Based on the latest domestic and international evidence-based medical research and multidisciplinary clinical experience, the working group comprehensively elaborates on core issues regarding CPLSP, including its definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical assessment, Western medical treatment, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment, and integrated strategies. The consensus emphasizes a patient-centered approach, adhering to the principles of multimodality, individualization, and stepwise management, highlighting the synergistic advantages of integrating Chinese and Western medicine throughout the entire perioperative management cycle encompassing "perioperative anti-inflammation, acute analgesia, and chronic rehabilitation." Through systematic literature retrieval and evidence integration, a total of 9 core recommendations were established to provide scientifically sound and clinically practical guidance.

Pancreaticobiliary maljunction （PBM） is a rare congenital developmental defect of the biliary-pancreatic system characterized by a junction of the pancreatic and bile ducts outside the duodenal wall， forming an extended common channel. This anatomical anomaly compromises the normal function of Oddi’s sphincter， weakens defenses against reflux， and thus triggers a series of biliary and pancreatic complications. Although there is a relatively low incidence rate of PBM， its insidious clinical symptoms often lead to delayed diagnosis， which increases the difficulties in treatment and the risk of poor prognosis. For PBM patients with marked bile duct dilatation， surgical intervention， especially cholecystectomy combined with extrahepatic bile duct resection and bile duct-jejunum Roux-en-Y anastomosis， remains the standard treatment at present. For PBM without marked bile duct dilatation， there are still controversies over related treatment strategies， and most experts are in favor of cholecystectomy， while there is still a lack of consensus on the management of extrahepatic bile ducts， which requires further research and exploration. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） is currently the gold standard for diagnosing PBM and assessing pancreaticobiliary abnormalities， and it can not only clarify the nature of lesion， but also collect the bile and biliary duct tissue for pathological examination. ERCP also has the function of interventional treatment， such as stenting， expansion， and drainage， thereby bringing benefits to patients comorbid with biliary neoplasms. However， the application of ERCP in screening is limited by its invasiveness， with increases in technique complexity and the risk of complications in the pediatric population. This article summarizes the definition， classification， pathogenesis， and epidemiological features of PBM and the research advances in current diagnosis and treatment strategies， in order to provide guidance for clinical practice.

[Objective] To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated with underactive bladder (UAB) who respond poorly to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). [Methods] A retrospective analysis was performed on 10 patients with BPH and UAB treated with TURP by the same surgeon in Zhongda Hospital Southeast University during Jan.2018 and Jan.2023.The residual urine volume was not significantly relieved after operation, and the maximum urine flow rate and urine volume per discharge were not significantly improved.All patients underwent phase I SNM, and urinary diaries were recorded before and after surgery to observe the average daily frequency of urination, volume per urination, maximum urine flow rate, and residual urine volume. [Results] The operation time was (97.6±11.2) min.During the postoperative test of 2-4 weeks, if the residual urine volume reduction by more than 50% was deemed as effective, SNM was effective in 6 patients (60.0%). Compared with preoperative results, the daily frequency of urination [(20.2±3.8) times vs. (13.2±3.2) times], volume per urination [(119.2±56.7) mL vs. (246.5±59.2) mL], maximum urine flow rate [(8.7±1.5) mL/s vs. (16.5±2.6) mL/s], and residual urine volume [(222.5±55.0) mL vs. (80.8±16.0) mL] were significantly improved, with statistical significance (P<0.05). There were no complications such as bleeding, infection, fever or pain.The 6 patients who had effective outcomes successfully completed phase II surgery, and the fistula was removed.During the follow-up of 1 year, the curative effect was stable, and there were no complications such as electrode displacement, incision infection, or pain in the irritation sites.The residual urine volume of the other 4 unsuccessful patients did not improve significantly, and the electrodes were removed and the vesicostomy tube was retained. [Conclusion] SNM is safe and effective in the treatment of BPH with UAB patients with poor curative effects after TURP.

BACKGROUND:The absence of blood vessels in tendon tissue makes tendon repair challenging.Therefore,improving tendon healing and raising the efficacy of stem cell and other therapeutic cell transplantation after tendon damage have become hotspots for research in both clinical and scientific contexts. OBJECTIVE:The stem cells and gelatin microcarrier scaffold were joined to form tissue engineered stem cells.Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells cultured in gelatin microcarriers were used to investigate the therapeutic impact and mode of action on tendinopathy healing in rats in vitro and In vivo. METHODS:(1)In vitro cell experiments:After seeding human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells with three-dimensional gelatin microcarriers,the cell vitality and survival were assessed.Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells conventionally cultured were cultured as controls.(2)In vivo experiment:Adult SD rats were randomly assigned to normal group,tendinopathy group,2D group(tendinopathy+conventional culture of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells),and 3D group(tendinopathy+gelatin microcarrier three-dimensional culture of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells),with 6 rats in each group.Four weeks after therapy,animal behavior tests and histopathologic morphology of the Achilles tendon was examined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In vitro cell experiments:the seeded human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on gelatin microcarriers showed high viability and as time went on,the stem cell proliferation level grew.Compared with the control group,3D stem cell culture preserved cell viability.(2)In vivo experiment:Following a 4-week treatment,the 3D stem cell culture group showed a significant improvement in both functional recovery of the lower limbs and histopathological scores when compared to the tendinopathy group.The 2D stem cell culture group also showed improvement in tendinopathy injury,but its effect is not as much as the 3D stem cell culture group.(3)The outcomes demonstrate that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells cultured with three-dimensional gelatin microcarrier can promote the repair and regeneration of tendon injury tissue,and the repair effect is better than that of conventional human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.

BACKGROUND:Endometrial receptivity is a key factor in embryo implantation in northwest Tibetan cashmere goats,and the expression of genes related to endometrial receptivity and their variable splicing are still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To analyze and explore genes and variable splicing events related to endometrial receptivity in northwest Tibetan cashmere goats. METHODS:On days 5 and 15 of pregnancy(representing pre receptive endometrium group and receptive endometrium group),three northwest Tibetan cashmere goats were randomly selected.Endometrial tissue was collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to observe tissue morphology.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of endometrial receptive marker proteins leukemia inhibitory factor and vascular endothelial growth factor.After the total RNA was extracted and the quality test was qualified,transcriptome sequencing was performed to search differentially expressed mRNAs,lncRNAs,circRNAs,and miRNAs,perform functional prediction,and analyze alternative splicing mRNAs and lncRNAs related to endometrial receptivity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the pre receptive endometrium group,the expression levels of leukemia inhibitory factor and vascular endothelial growth factor proteins in the endometrial tissue of the receptive endometrium group were significantly increased.(2)The sequencing results showed that the differentially expressed genes were mostly mRNA and lncRNA genes,including 250 upregulated mRNAs,193 upregulated lncRNAs,135 downregulated mRNAs,and 123 downregulated lncRNAs,which were significantly enriched in the Wnt,Hedgehog,and Hippo signaling pathways.(3)Alternative splicing event analysis uncovered 8 differentially expressed variable splicing transcripts,which were all mRNA transcripts,including 2 downregulated and 6 upregulated,and were significantly associated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling,cell motility,and embryonic development.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Shenge Bushen Capsules （SBC） on sexual development in normal 3-week-old mice. MethodsThe experiment consisted of two parts. In the first part， mice were divided into four groups： The control group and the low， medium， and high-dose SBC groups （234.7， 469.4， 938.7 mg·kg^-1， respectively）. In the second part， mice were divided into four groups： Control group， Pseudostellariae Radix polysaccharide （PRP） group， total flavonoids group， and SBC group， all receiving a dose of 469.4 mg·kg^-1. After 7 days of administration， the vaginal opening of female mice and the descent of testes and scrotum in male mice， as well as the ovarian and testicular organ indices， were observed. After 4 weeks of administration， female and male mice were housed together for 2 days， and the pregnancy rate of females was monitored. After delivery， the pregnant female mice continued receiving the treatment for 4 weeks， and the sexual development of their offspring， including vaginal opening， testicular descent， and organ indices of ovaries and testes， was observed. Serum sex hormones were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） and growth hormone （GH） proteins in the hypothalamus was assessed by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group， there was no significant effect on the vaginal opening of female mice or the descent of testes in male mice after 7 days of SBC administration. After 4 weeks of administration， the pregnancy rate in the low-dose group was significantly reduced （P<0.05）， but no significant effects were observed in the other groups. The three doses of SBC did not significantly affect the ovarian or testicular organ indices， and there was no significant upregulation in the expression of GnRH or GH in the hypothalamus. The primary component of SBC， Pseudostellariae Radix polysaccharide， significantly reduced the vaginal opening in female mice after 7 days of administration （P<0.05）. After 4 weeks， the serum estradiol levels of non-pregnant female mice were decreased （P<0.05）， but there was no significant effect on the expression of GnRH or GH proteins in the hypothalamus of either male or female mice. Additionally， there were no significant effects on precocious puberty indicators， such as vaginal opening and testicular descent， in the offspring mice. ConclusionSBC does not significantly promote precocious puberty in young mice， and it does not have any noticeable effects on the pregnancy rate of adult mice or the sexual development of their offspring.

Objective: To investigate the nutritional status and influencing factors among Tibetan and Mongolian children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in high-altitude regions, so as to provide evidence for early prevention and control of malnutrition in this population. Methods: From May to June 2022, a cluster sampling method was employed to recruit 1 019 Tibetan and Mongolian children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from two primary and secondary schools in Golmud City. Physical examinations, dietary frequency questionnaires, and physical activity assessments were conducted. Nutritional status was classified as obesity, combined overweight/obesity, underweight, or central obesity according to national standards including Screening for Overweight and Obesity among School-age Children and Adolescents, Screening Standard for Malnutrition of School-age Children and Adolescents, Blue Book on Obesity Prevention and Control in China. Chi-square tests, t-test and Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with different nutritional statuses. Results: The detection rates of obesity, combined overweight/obesity, underweight, and central obesity were 8.0%, 18.1%, 5.2%, and 19.7%, respectively. The height of children and adolescents across all age groups was generally lower than the national standard values. Tibetan participants exhibited significantly lower height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ)(9-10, 13-17 years, Z =2.01, 2.78, 4.16, 3.38, 4.12, 3.63, 3.00) and BMI-for-age Z-scores (BAZ) compared to Mongolian participants ( Z =-2.95, -2.47, -2.31, -2.89, -2.14, -2.17)( P < 0.05 ). Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that Mongolian children and adolescents had higher risks of obesity ( OR =2.20) and combined overweight/obesity ( OR = 2.18 ) ( P <0.05). Additionally, insufficient moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with an increased risk of central obesity ( OR =1.48, P <0.05), compared with children and adolescents who meet the standard of MVPA. Conclusions The rates of overweight and obesity among Tibetan and Mongolian children and adolescents in Golmud City are higher, influenced by multiple factors. Nutrition interventions and physical activity strategies tailored to ethnic characteristics should be implemented, with emphasis on promoting MVPA to improve nutritional outcomes in this population.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the stir-frying process of Platycodon grandiflorum， compare the protective effect of P. grandiflorum on lung injury in mice before and after stir-frying， and preliminarily explore the characteristics of “enhanced efficacy through processing” of stir-frying P. grandiflorum. METHODS On the basis of single-factor experiment， the stir-frying time， temperature and frequency were taken as factors， and the comprehensive scores of appearance traits， platycodin D content and alcohol extract content were taken as indexes. Box-Behnken response surface experiment was designed to optimize the stir-frying process of P. grandiflorum and verify it. The mice were divided into blank control group， model group， dexamethasone group （positive control drug， 5 mg/kg）， P. grandiflorum low-dose and high-dose groups （0.6，1.2 g/kg）， fried P. grandiflorum low and high dose groups （0.6， 1.2 g/kg）， with 8 mice in each group. The treatment was given once a day for 10 consecutive days. After the last administration， acute lung injury model was established by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide. The levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-1β， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in serum and superoxide dismutase （SOD）， myeloperoxidase （MPO） and malondialdehyde （MDA） in lung tissue were detected， lung wet/dry weight ratio and thymus index were calculated， and the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed. RESULTS The optimum processing conditions were as follows：stir- frying temperature of 120 ℃， stir-frying time of 12 min， stir-frying frequency of 19 r/min； the comprehensive scores of the three batches of process verification were all greater than 97 points， RSD＜3% （n＝3）. The results of pharmacodynamic experiments showed that compared with blank control group， the lung dry-wet weight ratio as well as the levels of IL-6， IL-1β， TNF-α， MPO and MDA in the model group were significantly increased （P＜0.01）， the thymus index and SOD level were significantly decreased （P＜0.01）， and the lung tissue was significantly damaged. Compared with model group， above indexes of the mice in each administration group were significantly improved （P＜0.01）， and the lung tissue injury was significantly reduced. At the same dose， except for the lung dry-wet weight ratio， the above indexes of the mice in the stir-fried P. grandiflorum groups were significantly improved compared with P. grandiflorum 涵。E-mail：495758271@qq.com groups （P＜0.05）， and the lung tissue damage was further reduced. CONCLUSIONS The optimized stir-frying process is stable and feasible. The protective effect of stir-fried P.grandiflorum on acute lung injury in mice is better than that of raw products at the same dosage.

Objective: To explore the role and mechanism of epiregulin (EREG) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)，and to find biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ccRCC. Methods: Based on the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases，the correlation between the expression level of EREG in ccRCC tissues and the clinical staging and survival of ccRCC patients was analyzed. The samples of 6 ccRCC cases treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University were collected. The expression of EREG was confirmed with immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). The effects of EREG overexpression on the proliferation，cell cycle and apoptosis of ACHN cells were verified with CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Finally，the expressions of EREG，epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the downstream pathway proteins were detected with Western blotting. Results: Based on the databases，it was found that the expression of EREG in ccRCC samples was higher than that in adjacent tissues，and there was a positive correlation with the clinical stage. Survival analysis showed that high expression of EREG was a risk factor affecting the prognosis. The results of immunohistochemical staining and qPCR revealed that EREG was highly expressed in ccRCC. Flow cytometry showed that EREG overexpression promoted the proliferation of ACHN cells，enhanced cell cycle，and inhibited apoptosis. In addition，Western blotting suggested that EREG promoted the expressions of EREG，EGFR and the downstream proteins. Conclusion: The expression of EREG is associated with the prognosis of ccRCC patients. In vitro cell experiments have shown that it can promote the proliferation of ccRCC cells and inhibit their apoptosis，thereby leading to the progression of ccRCC. It can serve as a potential biomarker for prognosis prediction and a drug development target for ccRCC patients.