Background: Current scar treatment modalities, including silicone gel, corticosteroids, laser therapy, and surgical interventions, demonstrate certain clinical benefits; however, their ability to fully restore normal skin architecture remains limited. In recent years, novel regenerative approaches aimed at enhancing scar tissue repair have been increasingly investigated. Among these, autologous fat grafting (AFG) has emerged as a promising modality. AFG contains adiposederived stem cells (ADSCs), stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and various growth factors, which may improve scar quality by promoting angiogenesis, reducing inflammation, and regulating collagen remodeling. Aim: In Mongolia, there are few studies on the effectiveness and safety of AFG, ADSC, and SVF-based treatments for scars, so it is necessary to summarize international evidence. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Of 902 identified studies, 27 met the inclusion criteria and were included for quality assessment and analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of AFG, ADSCs, and SVF in scar management. Results: Findings from the 27 included studies demonstrated that AFG, ADSC, and SVF-based therapies had overall beneficial effects on scar morphology, tissue structure, elasticity, pain, and functional outcomes. Various fat-processing techniques were utilized; however, in 15 studies, the Coleman technique was employed, with retrograde injection administered at the dermal-hypodermal junction. Of the included studies, 23 evaluated structural changes in scars and reported improvements in scar color, thickness, elasticity, and contour. Six studies assessing symptoms demonstrated reductions in pain and pruritus, while six studies reported improvements in functional impairment. Histological evaluation in 6 studies revealed improved collagen organization, increased angiogenesis, and reduced fibrosis. Additionally, 3 studies combining AFG with adjunctive therapies such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), SVF, and fractional laser reported superior outcomes, although results varied depending on scar type, technique, and evaluation methods. Conclusion AFG, ADSC, and SVF therapies promote scar tissue regeneration by enhancing angiogenesis, accelerating collagen remodeling, and reducing fibrosis. These effects contribute to improved elasticity, functional recovery, and overall quality of life in patients. Therefore, these approaches represent a promising novel strategy for scar management in Mongolia and warrant standardization and integration into clinical practice.

Background and Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer related death in Mongolia. Early diagnosis is the very important management to increase successful treatment and survival rate. Glypican-3 (GPC3) protein is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue and in serum of HCC patients. Recent studies have been conducted and suggested as a diagnostic biomarker for detecting HCC in the early stage. Therefore, we investigated the diagnostic value of the serum GPC3 level and compared it to the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level as a diagnostic biomarker of HCC. Methods: We enrolled a total of 90 participants and divided into 3 groups with HCC (30), with liver cirrhosis (LC/30) and healthy (30) as the control group (30). GPC3 and AFP serum (sGPC-3, sAFP) levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The diagnostic accuracy was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and estimated sensitivity and specificity of each biomarker. Results: sGPC3 was significantly elevated in the HCC group as compared to liver cirrhosis and healthy subjects (658±138.2 pg/ml, 378±25.5 pg/ml, 356.3±29 pg/ml) respectively. sGPC-3 sensitivity was 96.6% and specificity was 100%. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for GPC3 was 0.999 (0.996- 1.0).
In comparison, the mean of AFP was significantly higher in HCC (16.9±11.7 ng/ml) than in LC (6.7±7.6 ng/ml) and in healthy subject (3.3±2.1 ng/ml) and AFP sensitivity was 43,3 %, specificity was 95 % with an AUC of 0.808 (0.696- 0.921).
The combination of GPC-3 with AFP achieved the highest sensitivity (97.1%) and specificity (97%). Conclusion Serum GPC3 has a higher sensitivity than AFP for the early diagnosis of HCC. Combination of two markers showed greatest diagnostic accuracy.

Introduction: Air pollution has become one of the major problems in socio-economic and health issues in Mongolia. Among the various hazards of particulate matter (PM) pollutants, microorganisms in PM2.5 and PM10 are thought to be responsible for various allergies and for the spread of respiratory diseases. Recent studies have shown that PM2.5 particles can cause chronic heart failure, heart arrhythmias, and strokes, as well as lung damage, cirrhosis, inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, some studies have concluded that PM2.5 particles in the environment are a risk factor for gastrointestinal, liver, colon, and lung cancer as well as it affects the growth and metastasis of various cancer cells caused by other factors. In our country, the health effects of air pollution and the relationship between the pathogenesis of cancer research are scarce. Therefore, the study of the effects of PM2.5 particles on cancer cell proliferation, migration (metastasis) can provide a significant role for cancer treatment, diagnosis, and prevention. Purpose: Determining the effects of PM2.5 particles on cancer cell proliferation, migration (metastasis) in in-vitro Material and Methods: A human liver cancer cell line (HepG2), human gastric cancer cell line (AGS) were obtained from the central scientific research laboratory in the Institute of medical sciences. HepG2, AGS cells were seeded at a concentration of 1*105 cells/mL in a culture flask and cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% antibiotic mix (penicillin, streptomycin) in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 °C. The cytotoxic effect of PM 2.5 in AGS, HepG2 cells were evaluated by MTT, CCK8 assays. AGS, HepG2 cells were incubated in 96 well plates for 24h then treated with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg ) of Bayankhoshuu, Buhiin urguu, and Zaisan samples for 24h, respectively. Results: Concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 μg/ml of samples collected from the Bukhiin urguu and Zaisan in March increased HepG2 cell growth, while doses of 25, 50 μg/ml of samples collected from Bayankhoshuu in March and December increased HepG2 cell growth. Therefore, concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/ml of samples collected from Bayankhoshuu in March increased AGS cell growth, while concentrations of 25, 100 and μg/ml of samples collected in December increased AGS cell growth. However, no cytotoxic effect was observed in the sample collected from Zaisan in March, whereas the PM2.5 sample enhanced AGS cell growth in dose dependent manner in December.(p <0.05) Conclusion High levels of heavy metals were detected in samples collected in December from Bayankhoshuu, Bukhiin urguu and Zaisan of Ulaanbaatar. Concentration of 25 μg/ml of samples collected from the Bukhiin urguu and Zaisan in March increased HepG2 cell growth. Concentrations of 25 μg/ml of PM2.5 collected from three regions around Ulaanbaatar increased HepG2 and AGS cell migration.