Objective:To construct a competency-oriented assessment index system based on entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for 5-year undergraduate clinical medical students in oncology internship.Methods:From June to December 2023, the scoping review approach and Bicomb 2.0 were used to construct and manage an item pool. The draft of EPAs and competencies was designed based on truncated word frequency. SPSS 25.0 was used for cluster analysis and UCINET 6.0 was used for visualization. Combining the characteristics and consensus of oncology, a multi-center expert group used the KJ method to draft the framework of EPAs and competencies. Subsequently, the expert group defined milestones and mapped the milestones to the framework to establish the assessment system.Results:Based on 26 included studies, a draft was created containing 19 EPA indicators and 72 competency characteristic indicators. After cluster analysis, 13 experts from 6 medical institutions established a framework including 13 EPAs and 10 competencies as well as 50 milestones, leading to the construction of the "EPAs-competencies-milestones" assessment system.Conclusions:The "EPAs-competencies-milestones" assessment system aligns with the trend of reform, demonstrating universality, specificity, and scientificity. It provides a reference for the development and assessment of oncology internship courses in medical universities.

Objective:To construct a competency-oriented assessment index system based on entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for 5-year undergraduate clinical medical students in oncology internship.Methods:From June to December 2023, the scoping review approach and Bicomb 2.0 were used to construct and manage an item pool. The draft of EPAs and competencies was designed based on truncated word frequency. SPSS 25.0 was used for cluster analysis and UCINET 6.0 was used for visualization. Combining the characteristics and consensus of oncology, a multi-center expert group used the KJ method to draft the framework of EPAs and competencies. Subsequently, the expert group defined milestones and mapped the milestones to the framework to establish the assessment system.Results:Based on 26 included studies, a draft was created containing 19 EPA indicators and 72 competency characteristic indicators. After cluster analysis, 13 experts from 6 medical institutions established a framework including 13 EPAs and 10 competencies as well as 50 milestones, leading to the construction of the "EPAs-competencies-milestones" assessment system.Conclusions:The "EPAs-competencies-milestones" assessment system aligns with the trend of reform, demonstrating universality, specificity, and scientificity. It provides a reference for the development and assessment of oncology internship courses in medical universities.

Objective:To explore the effect of case study combined with scenario simulation in teaching clinical internship of radiation oncology.Methods:This study selected 144 undergraduate students majoring in clinical medicine who interned at the Department of Radiotherapy at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from November 2022 to May 2023 as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group. The control group received traditional teaching, while the observation group received case study combined with scenario simulation teaching, with 72 students in each group. The two groups of trainees were evaluated for theoretical and skill assessment scores, core competencies, and teaching satisfaction. The t-test and chi-square test were performed using SPSS 22.0. Results:The theoretical and skill scores of the trainees in the observation group [(88.27±3.40) and (92.69±3.65)] were higher than those in the control group [(83.01±10.38) and (87.20±3.74)], and the differences were statistically significant. Compared with the control group, the observation group showed higher core competency scores in eight dimensions, including learning initiative and enthusiasm, knowledge comprehension ability, critical thinking ability, clinical specialty practice ability, analytical and problem-solving ability, doctor-patient communication, professional ethics, and teamwork ability, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The satisfaction scores of the observation group trainees of teaching plan, teaching content, teaching methods, teaching results, and teaching ability were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of case study combined with scenario simulation teaching clinical internship of radiation oncology can help improve the theoretical and skill scores of medical students, as well as their core competencies and teaching satisfaction. This is a teaching method worthy of application and promotion.

Objective:To explore the effect of case study combined with scenario simulation in teaching clinical internship of radiation oncology.Methods:This study selected 144 undergraduate students majoring in clinical medicine who interned at the Department of Radiotherapy at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from November 2022 to May 2023 as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group. The control group received traditional teaching, while the observation group received case study combined with scenario simulation teaching, with 72 students in each group. The two groups of trainees were evaluated for theoretical and skill assessment scores, core competencies, and teaching satisfaction. The t-test and chi-square test were performed using SPSS 22.0. Results:The theoretical and skill scores of the trainees in the observation group [(88.27±3.40) and (92.69±3.65)] were higher than those in the control group [(83.01±10.38) and (87.20±3.74)], and the differences were statistically significant. Compared with the control group, the observation group showed higher core competency scores in eight dimensions, including learning initiative and enthusiasm, knowledge comprehension ability, critical thinking ability, clinical specialty practice ability, analytical and problem-solving ability, doctor-patient communication, professional ethics, and teamwork ability, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The satisfaction scores of the observation group trainees of teaching plan, teaching content, teaching methods, teaching results, and teaching ability were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of case study combined with scenario simulation teaching clinical internship of radiation oncology can help improve the theoretical and skill scores of medical students, as well as their core competencies and teaching satisfaction. This is a teaching method worthy of application and promotion.

Objective To investigate the treatment and mechanism of aminoguanidine in retina of diabetic of rats .Methods To-tal 60 rats were divided into control group(n=20) ,diabetic group(n=20) and aminoguanidine treatment group(n=20)which would be treated by aminoguanidine for 14 days .Then the eye tissue of rats were took after 14 days administration for pathological obser-vation(HE staining) ,and the induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) ,endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) ,nerve type of nitric ox-ide synthase(nNOS) level and the expression of differences content and expression were investigated by ELISA ,Western blot and PT-PCR .Results HE staining showed that retinal tissue defects decreased and neuronal cells of rats in aminoguanidine treatment group were increased and significant (P<0 .05) compared rats in diabetic group .The iNOS content and expression of rats in amin-oguanidine treatment group were lower than diabetic group by ELISA ,Western blot and PT-PCR ,it was significantly difference (P<0 .05) and without significant difference between the normal group and diabetic group (P> 0 .05) .Compared with diabetes group ,iNOS ,eNOS ,nNOS protein expression in the rat retina in aminoguanidine treatment group were reduced (P< 0 .05) ,and without significant difference between the normal group and aminoguanidine treatment group (P>0 .05) .The iNOS mRNA expres-sion was lower than that of eNOS mRNA and nNOS mRNA in aminoguanidine treatment group .Conclusion Aminoguanidine can improve retinal tissue of diabetic rats with lesions ,the pathways may be selectively inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase activity of iNOS .