Objective·To assess the number and distribution of cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)in patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD)using susceptibility-weighted imaging(SWI),and to explore the relationship between SWI-detected imaging features and cognitive impairment.Methods·Hospitalized ESRD patients who had received dialysis treatment for more than one year at Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,between January 2023 and March 2024 were included.All patients underwent conventional MRI sequences and SWI scanning.The number and regional distribution of CMBs were recorded.Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA).Patients with MoCA scores≥26 were classified into the ESRD without cognitive impairment group,and those with scores<26 were placed in the ESRD with cognitive impairment group.The presence and number of CMBs were analyzed in relation to cognitive impairment.The distribution of CMBs in various brain regions was examined,and correlations between the number of CMBs in specific regions and the severity of cognitive impairment were evaluated.Results·A total of 38 patients were enrolled,including 16 in the ESRD with cognitive impairment group and 22 in the non-impaired group.CMBs were more frequently observed in the cognitively impaired group(14 cases,87.50%)compared to the non-impaired group(12 cases,54.55%),with a statistically significant difference(P=0.033).The impaired group had more CMBs(106 in total),primarily located in bilateral cortical and subcortical regions(59.43%)and the basal ganglia(19.81%).In contrast,the non-impaired group had fewer CMBs(47 in total),mainly located in the bilateral basal ganglia(46.80%)and cortical and subcortical regions(40.43%),with all regional distribution differences being statistically significant(both P<0.05).Among those with cognitive impairment,the number of CMBs in the cortical and subcortical areas was significantly negatively correlated with cognitive function(r=-0.718,P=0.030).Conclusion·The number and distribution of CMBs detected by SWI in ESRD patients are associated with both the presence and severity of cognitive impairment.SWI can be used to identify CMBs formation and localization in ESRD patients,thereby aiding in the assessment of cognitive dysfunction.

Objective·To assess the number and distribution of cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)in patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD)using susceptibility-weighted imaging(SWI),and to explore the relationship between SWI-detected imaging features and cognitive impairment.Methods·Hospitalized ESRD patients who had received dialysis treatment for more than one year at Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,between January 2023 and March 2024 were included.All patients underwent conventional MRI sequences and SWI scanning.The number and regional distribution of CMBs were recorded.Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA).Patients with MoCA scores≥26 were classified into the ESRD without cognitive impairment group,and those with scores<26 were placed in the ESRD with cognitive impairment group.The presence and number of CMBs were analyzed in relation to cognitive impairment.The distribution of CMBs in various brain regions was examined,and correlations between the number of CMBs in specific regions and the severity of cognitive impairment were evaluated.Results·A total of 38 patients were enrolled,including 16 in the ESRD with cognitive impairment group and 22 in the non-impaired group.CMBs were more frequently observed in the cognitively impaired group(14 cases,87.50%)compared to the non-impaired group(12 cases,54.55%),with a statistically significant difference(P=0.033).The impaired group had more CMBs(106 in total),primarily located in bilateral cortical and subcortical regions(59.43%)and the basal ganglia(19.81%).In contrast,the non-impaired group had fewer CMBs(47 in total),mainly located in the bilateral basal ganglia(46.80%)and cortical and subcortical regions(40.43%),with all regional distribution differences being statistically significant(both P<0.05).Among those with cognitive impairment,the number of CMBs in the cortical and subcortical areas was significantly negatively correlated with cognitive function(r=-0.718,P=0.030).Conclusion·The number and distribution of CMBs detected by SWI in ESRD patients are associated with both the presence and severity of cognitive impairment.SWI can be used to identify CMBs formation and localization in ESRD patients,thereby aiding in the assessment of cognitive dysfunction.

Objective: This study takes hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) as the inclusion materials to optimize the preparation technic of tea tree oil (TTO) and evaluate its pharmaceutical performance. Methods: Take the production rate of HP-β-CD tea tree oil inclusion and entrapment rate as the evaluation index, taking the orthogonal test method to optimize the production technic of tea tree oil (HP-β-CD inclusion and using infrared (IR), differential thermal scanning (DSC) method to characterize the inclusion compound to analyze the stability of TTO-HP-β-CD. Results: The best technic to produce HP-β-CD tea tree oil is as follow: the ratio of TTO and HP-β-CD should be equal to 1/10, at 40 ℃, within 1 h. The average drug loading shoud be 9.25% ± 3.25%. The IR, DSC characterization results showed that the characteristic peak of tea tree oil disappeared after the microspheres, which indicated the HP-β-CD encapsulated the tea tree oil with good compatibility. In 80 ℃ water bath, the TTO-HP-β-CD was stable with the retention rate 40% after 8 h, the retention rate was 4.32 times than that of the unwrapped tea tree oil. Conclusions The HP-β-CD tea tree oil obviously has higher rate of inclusion and stability. Therefore, it’s worth to promoting and being used in the pharmacy preparations and cosmetics field.