Bias ; Coronavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Uncertainty

Arm ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Carboplatin ; Disease-Free Survival ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Maintenance Chemotherapy ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sample Size

bias of 0.005 (95% CI −0.011 to 0.021) with 95% limits of agreement of −0.16 to 0.17 between vFFR and FFR. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 78.0%, 87.1%, 72.5%, 58.7%, and 92.6%, respectively, using the FFR cutoff of 0.80. They were 87.0%, 95.0%, 80.0%, 54.3%, and 98.5%, respectively, with the FFR cutoff of 0.75. The area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve of vFFR versus obstructive CTA stenosis was 0.88 versus 0.61 for the FFR cutoff of 0.80, respectively; it was 0.94 versus 0.62 for the FFR cutoff of 0.75.CONCLUSION: Our novel, fully automated, on-site vFFR technology showed excellent diagnostic performance for the detection of lesion-specific ischemia.]]>
Angiography ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Patient-Specific Modeling ; Sensitivity and Specificity

bias. In addition, there were no significant differences in intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, in-hospital mortality, 28-day mortality, or ICU length of stay between the groups.CONCLUSION: Discontinuing NE prior to AVP was associated with a lower incidence of hypotension in patients recovering from septic shock. However, our results should be interpreted with caution, due to the considerable between-study heterogeneity.]]>
Arginine Vasopressin ; Arginine ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Consensus ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Length of Stay ; Mortality ; Norepinephrine ; Odds Ratio ; Population Characteristics ; Sepsis ; Shock, Septic ; Treatment Outcome ; Vasoconstrictor Agents

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is considered a primary driver of global mortality and is estimated to be responsible for approximately 17.9 million deaths annually. Consequently, a substantial body of research related to CVD has developed, with an emphasis on identifying strategies for the prevention and effective treatment of CVD. In this review, we critically examine the existing CVD literature, and specifically highlight the contribution of Mendelian randomization analyses in CVD research. Throughout this review, we assess the extent to which research findings agree across a range of studies of differing design within a triangulation framework. If differing study designs are subject to non-overlapping sources of bias, consistent findings limit the extent to which results are merely an artefact of study design. Consequently, broad agreement across differing studies can be viewed as providing more robust causal evidence in contrast to limiting the scope of the review to a single specific study design. Utilising the triangulation approach, we highlight emerging patterns in research findings, and explore the potential of identified risk factors as targets for precision medicine and novel interventions.
Artifacts ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Mortality ; Precision Medicine ; Random Allocation ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although current guidelines recommend early initiation of statin in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), there is no consensus for optimal timing of statin initiation. METHODS: A total of 3,921 statin-naïve patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were analyzed, and divided into 3 groups according to statin initiation time: group 1 (statin initiation <24 hours after admission), group 2 (24–48 hours) and group 3 (≥48 hours). We also made 3 stratified models to reduce bias: model 1 (<24 hours vs. ≥24 hours), model 2 (<48 hours vs. ≥48 hours) and model 3 (<24 hours vs. 24–48 hours). The endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE; composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction and target-vessel revascularization) during median 3.8 years. RESULTS: During follow-up, incidence of MACE was lower in early statin group in both model 1 (14.3% vs. 18.4%, hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66–0.91; p=0.002) and model 2 (14.6% vs. 19.7%, HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67–0.97; p=0.022). After propensity-score matching, results remained unaltered. Statin initiation <24 hours reduced MACE compared to statin initiation ≥24 hours in model 1. Statin initiation <48 hours also reduced MACE compared to statin initiation later in model 2. However, there was no difference in incidence of MACE between statin initiation <24 hours and 24–48 hours) in model 3. CONCLUSIONS: Early statin therapy within 48 hours after admission in statin-naïve patients with AMI reduced long-term clinical outcomes compared with statin initiation later. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02385682
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Consensus ; Death ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Incidence ; Myocardial Infarction ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to propose directions for the development of Occupational Health Nursing Intervention by identifying the current status and quality of Occupational Health Nursing Intervention Research in domestic industries. METHODS: Between 2000 and August of 2018, total of 1,181 Occupational Health Nursing related published references were searched using 4 domestic databases, and of the total, 29 final theses that suited the requirements were analysed In this research, the quality assessment of literature that were selected as suitable was conducted using a tool for assessing the biasing risk of non-randomized studies, RoBANS(Risk of Biasing Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Study). RESULTS: For all research, nonequivalent control group pre-posttest design was the most used as quasi-experimental designs. The effectiveness of intervention was found both in terms of physical and psychological aspects, and the result of the risk of biasing assessment showed a high risk levels in both “confounding variables” and “detection bias”. CONCLUSION: Occupational Health Nursing Intervention have been steadily making improvements in terms of both quality and quantity, and as for more effective intervention developments that improves the physical and mental health of the workers, supplementation in strict research design and in ethical aspects deems necessary.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Korea ; Mental Health ; Nursing ; Occupational Health Nursing ; Occupational Health ; Research Design

BACKGROUND: Accurate serum total thyroxine (TT4) measurement is important for thyroid disorder diagnosis and management. We compared the performance of six automated immunoassays with that of isotope-diluted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS) as the reference method. We also evaluated the correlation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with TT4 measured by ID-LC-MS/MS and immunoassays. METHODS: Serum was collected from 156 patients between October 2015 and January 2016. TT4 was measured by immunoassays from Abbott (Architect), Siemens (ADVIA Centaur XP), Roche (E601), Beckman-Coulter (Dxi800), Autobio (Autolumo A2000), and Mindray (CL-1000i), and by ID-LC-MS/MS. Results were analyzed using Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman plots. Minimum requirements based on biological variation were as follows: a mean bias of ≤4.5% and total imprecision (CV) of ≤3.7%. RESULTS: All immunoassays showed a correlation >0.945 with ID-LC-MS/MS; however, the slope of the Passing-Bablok regression line varied from 0.886 (Mindray) to 1.23 (Siemens) and the intercept from −12.8 (Siemens) to 4.61 (Mindray). Only Autobio, Beckman-Coulter, and Roche included the value of one in the 95% confidence interval for slope. The mean bias ranged from −10.8% (Abbott) to 9.0% (Siemens), with the lowest value noted for Roche (3.5%) and the highest for Abbott (−10.8%). Only Abbott and Roche showed within-run and total CV ≤3.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Though all immunoassays correlated strongly with ID-LC-MS/MS, most did not meet the minimum clinical requirement. Laboratories and immunoassay manufacturers must be aware of these limitations.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Mass Spectrometry ; Methods ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine

PURPOSE: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effects of emergency nursing simulation program on nursing students and nurses. METHODS: This systematic review was performed as per the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and using the R program meta package (version 4.9-2). RISS, KISS, and DBpia Library databases were searched for studies published between June 2000 and August 2018 using the following key words: (Emerge* OR nursing) AND (nurs* OR simulation). Selected studies were assessed for methodological quality using Risk of Bias for Non randomized Studies. RESULTS: 7 studies were identified and all of them met the inclusion criteria. The outcome variables were significant clinical performance, self-efficacy except knowledge, and problem-solving ability. CONCLUSION: This review provides updated evidence of the simulation-based education program in emergency nursing. Further studies are required to increase generalizability using randomized population, research design and controlled trials with sufficient sample size. Moreover, valid measurements are needed to assess the main outcomes.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Education ; Emergencies ; Emergency Nursing ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing Care ; Nursing ; Research Design ; Sample Size ; Simulation Training ; Students, Nursing

BACKGROUND: Standardization of creatinine assay is consistently performed and much effort has been put into improving the accuracy of the results. We aimed to analyze the results of accuracy-based proficiency testing of creatinine assays performed by the Korea Association of External Quality Assessment Service from 2011 to 2017 to assess the current state of creatinine assays in Korea. METHODS: From 2011 to 2017, the accuracy-based proficiency testing of creatinine was performed twice a year. We analyzed the results obtained from the participating laboratories and calculated the year-wise bias. The acceptable limit of bias was as follows: ±11.4% for creatinine concentration >1.0 mg/dL, and 0.114 mg/dL for creatinine concentration ≤1.0 mg/dL. The trend of bias with the major instruments and reagent manufacturers were analyzed. RESULTS: The number of participating laboratories was 54 in 2011, which gradually increased to 146–178 after 2015. For each of the three samples used in the survey, the percentage of laboratories whose biases in the results were within the acceptable limits was 33.3% for the first time in 2011, which gradually increased to 74.7%–85.0% after 2014. The mean biases in all the results of the participating laboratories were 11.1% in 2011 (1st trial) and 2.4% in 2017 (2nd trial). The biases in the results with the major instruments and reagents differed according to the manufacturers. CONCLUSIONS: The mean bias in the results obtained from the participating laboratories in the accuracy-based proficiency testing of creatinine surveys showed a decreasing trend.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Creatinine ; Indicators and Reagents ; Korea