Objective To investigate the auditory effects of cochlear implantation in quiet and noisy environ-ments in children with different bilateral intervention modes,as well as the factors influencing these effects.Methods A total of 185 children with bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss were divided into three groups:bimodal hearing mode group(BIM,n=55),simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation group(SCI,n=70),and sequential bilateral cochlear implantation group(SBCI,n=60).The Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children(PEACH)was used to assess the PEACH scores of the three groups in quiet and noisy environments one year after binaural hearing aid intervention.Additionally,the effects of cochlear implantation age,preoperative residual hearing,hearing aid usage,rehabilitation training mode,family system,and other factors on auditory per-formance in quiet and noisy environments were analyzed.Results The PEACH scores in quiet environments were higher than those in noisy environments for all three groups(all P＜0.05).The SCI group had higher PEACH scores in both quiet and noisy environments compared to the BIM group(P＜0.05).Multifactorial analysis revealed differences in factors influencing auditory performance in quiet and noisy environments among the three groups.First cochlear implantation before 3 years of age,preoperative hearing aid usage,and home-based rehabilitation training mode were common favourable influencing factors for auditory performance in both environments.Preopera-tive residual hearing below 95 dB HL was an favourable influencing factor for auditory performance in quiet environ-ments in the BIM group.The higher the level of parental education,the better auditory performance in both quiet and noisy environments for the SCI and SBCI groups.Implantation interval of 24 months or less and hearing aid usage during the inter-implantation period were favourable influencing factors for auditory performance in both envi-ronments for the SBCI group.Conclusion Children with severe to profound prelingual deafness after simultaneous bilateral CI implantation had better hearing performance than bimodal listening in quiet and noise environments.Ear-ly implantation,preoperative or inter-implantation hearing aid usage are recommended to improve auditory perform-ance in noisy environments,regardless of the bilateral intervention mode.The interval between bilateral cochlear im-plantations should be less than 12 months.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of attention network function and its related factors in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) patients.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. 116 patients with binaural severe or higher SNHL who were hospitalized in the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January to July 2023 were selected by the objective sampling method, including 54 males and 62 females, aged from 4 to 56 years old. Demographic data such as patient gender, age, education level, place of residence, per capita monthly family income, caregiver′s education level and audiological and clinical data such as air conduction pure tone hearing threshold, age when hearing loss was first detected, whether hearing loss was gradually aggravated, hearing compensation mode, hearing compensation time, whether to participate in rehabilitation training, and rehabilitation time were collected through the general data questionnaire. The Attention Network Test was used to investigate three attention network functions in SNHL patients: alertness, orientation and executive control. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:Univariate analysis showed that patients with postlingual deafness had lower executive control network score, patients with postlingual deafness, hearing loss gradually aggravated, hearing aid compensation, compensation time >5 years, and no rehabilitation learning had faster average response time, and patients with postlingual deafness, compensation time >5 years, and no rehabilitation learning had higher average accuracy ( P<0.05 for all). The results of multivariate analysis showed that patients aged 13-18 years, postlingual deafness and compensation time >5 years had faster average response time, and patients with compensation time >5 years and no rehabilitation learning had higher average accuracy ( P<0.05 for all). Conclusions:There is a general decline in attentional function and delayed development in patients with severe and above SNHL. No matter what mode of hearing compensation, timely and long-term hearing compensation intervention after hearing loss can effectively improve the attention network function, while the patients who do not participate in rehabilitation learning may improve their response accuracy by inhibiting interference and enhancing audio-visual interaction.

Objective To investigate the auditory effects of cochlear implantation in quiet and noisy environ-ments in children with different bilateral intervention modes,as well as the factors influencing these effects.Methods A total of 185 children with bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss were divided into three groups:bimodal hearing mode group(BIM,n=55),simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation group(SCI,n=70),and sequential bilateral cochlear implantation group(SBCI,n=60).The Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children(PEACH)was used to assess the PEACH scores of the three groups in quiet and noisy environments one year after binaural hearing aid intervention.Additionally,the effects of cochlear implantation age,preoperative residual hearing,hearing aid usage,rehabilitation training mode,family system,and other factors on auditory per-formance in quiet and noisy environments were analyzed.Results The PEACH scores in quiet environments were higher than those in noisy environments for all three groups(all P＜0.05).The SCI group had higher PEACH scores in both quiet and noisy environments compared to the BIM group(P＜0.05).Multifactorial analysis revealed differences in factors influencing auditory performance in quiet and noisy environments among the three groups.First cochlear implantation before 3 years of age,preoperative hearing aid usage,and home-based rehabilitation training mode were common favourable influencing factors for auditory performance in both environments.Preopera-tive residual hearing below 95 dB HL was an favourable influencing factor for auditory performance in quiet environ-ments in the BIM group.The higher the level of parental education,the better auditory performance in both quiet and noisy environments for the SCI and SBCI groups.Implantation interval of 24 months or less and hearing aid usage during the inter-implantation period were favourable influencing factors for auditory performance in both envi-ronments for the SBCI group.Conclusion Children with severe to profound prelingual deafness after simultaneous bilateral CI implantation had better hearing performance than bimodal listening in quiet and noise environments.Ear-ly implantation,preoperative or inter-implantation hearing aid usage are recommended to improve auditory perform-ance in noisy environments,regardless of the bilateral intervention mode.The interval between bilateral cochlear im-plantations should be less than 12 months.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of attention network function and its related factors in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) patients.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. 116 patients with binaural severe or higher SNHL who were hospitalized in the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January to July 2023 were selected by the objective sampling method, including 54 males and 62 females, aged from 4 to 56 years old. Demographic data such as patient gender, age, education level, place of residence, per capita monthly family income, caregiver′s education level and audiological and clinical data such as air conduction pure tone hearing threshold, age when hearing loss was first detected, whether hearing loss was gradually aggravated, hearing compensation mode, hearing compensation time, whether to participate in rehabilitation training, and rehabilitation time were collected through the general data questionnaire. The Attention Network Test was used to investigate three attention network functions in SNHL patients: alertness, orientation and executive control. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:Univariate analysis showed that patients with postlingual deafness had lower executive control network score, patients with postlingual deafness, hearing loss gradually aggravated, hearing aid compensation, compensation time >5 years, and no rehabilitation learning had faster average response time, and patients with postlingual deafness, compensation time >5 years, and no rehabilitation learning had higher average accuracy ( P<0.05 for all). The results of multivariate analysis showed that patients aged 13-18 years, postlingual deafness and compensation time >5 years had faster average response time, and patients with compensation time >5 years and no rehabilitation learning had higher average accuracy ( P<0.05 for all). Conclusions:There is a general decline in attentional function and delayed development in patients with severe and above SNHL. No matter what mode of hearing compensation, timely and long-term hearing compensation intervention after hearing loss can effectively improve the attention network function, while the patients who do not participate in rehabilitation learning may improve their response accuracy by inhibiting interference and enhancing audio-visual interaction.

Objective:To construct an evidence-based phased swallowing training program for patients after partial laryngectomy applying the Delphi method.Methods:Evidence was screened systematically applying evidence-basing principles to construct a first draft of a phased swallowing training program for patients after partial laryngectomy. After two rounds of Delphi expert consultation a final draft was formed.Results:The protocol was composed of 27 items covering 5 aspects of the gastrointestinal decompression period, the first- and second-stage continuous tube feeding periods, trial feeding of the intermittent tube feeding period and the oral feeding stage.Conclusion:The phased swallowing training program is scientifically sound and feasible in clinical practice. It can provide references for clinic staff to improve swallowing management.