The choice of biopsy method is critical in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa). This retrospective cohort study compared systematic biopsy (SB) or cognitive fusion-targeted biopsy combined with SB (CB) in detecting PCa and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Data from 2572 men who underwent either SB or CB in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (Shanghai, China) between January 2019 and December 2023 were analyzed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics, and detection rates were compared before and after PSM. Subgroup analyses based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scores were performed. Primary and secondary outcomes were the detection rates of PCa and csPCa, respectively. Of 2572 men, 1778 were included in the PSM analysis. Before PSM, CB had higher detection rates for both PCa (62.9% vs 52.4%, odds ratio [OR]: 1.54, P < 0.001) and csPCa (54.9% vs 43.3%, OR: 1.60, P < 0.001) compared to SB. After PSM, CB remained superior in detecting PCa (63.1% vs 47.9%, OR: 1.86, P < 0.001) and csPCa (55.0% vs 38.2%, OR: 1.98, P < 0.001). In patients with PSA 4-12 ng ml -1 (>4 ng ml -1 and ≤12 ng ml -1 , which is also applicable to the following text), CB detected more PCa (59.8% vs 40.7%, OR: 2.17, P < 0.001) and csPCa (48.1% vs 27.7%, OR: 2.42, P < 0.001). CB also showed superior csPCa detection in those with PI-RADS 3 lesions (32.1% vs 18.0%, OR: 2.15, P = 0.038). Overall, CB significantly improves PCa and csPCa detection, especially in patients with PSA 4-12 ng ml -1 or PI-RADS 3 lesions.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Propensity Score ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Image-Guided Biopsy/methods* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood* ; Prostate/diagnostic imaging*

High salt content in soils severely hampers plant growth and crop yields. Many transcription factors in plants play important roles in responding to various stresses, but their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. WRKY transcription factors are one of the largest families of transcription factors in higher plants that are involved in and influence many aspects of plant growth and development. They play important roles in responding to salt stress. The regulation of gene expression by WRKY proteins is mainly achieved by binding to the DNA's specific cis-regulatory elements, the W-box elements (TTGACC). In recent years, there have been many studies revealing the roles and mechanisms of WRKY family members, from model plant Arabidopsis to agricultural crops. This paper reviews the latest research progress on WRKY transcription factors in response to salt stress and discusses the current challenges and future perspectives of WRKY transcription factor research.
Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Stress, Physiological/genetics* ; Salt Stress/genetics* ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics*

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of common medication treatments on Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and tufted angioma (TA).Methods:PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang database were searched to find out the observational studies on medication treatment of KHE and TA. R-3.6.2 was used for calculate the pooled response rate and pooled adverse events rate. Meta analyses were performed according to KHE and TA with and without Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) respectively. SPSS 22.0 was used to compare the pooled rates among each therapy.Results:A total of 30 studies regarding the medication treatment of KHE and TA were identified in this meta-analysis. Analyzed medicines included glucocorticoid, vincristine, sirolimus, propranolol, combination therapy of vincristine and glucocorticoid. The pooled results indicated that when referring therapy on KHE and TA with KMP, the pooled response rate of combination therapy (98.34%) and sirolimus (96.43%) was higher than that of other therapies, and the difference was statistically significant. The pooled adverse events rate of sirolimus (5.53%) was relatively higher than other modalities, with no statistically significance. As for therapy on KHE and TA without KMP, sirolimus (94.23%) had higher pooled response rate than glucocorticoid (31.25%), vincristine (46.15%) and propranolol (22.86%), with statistically significant differences. The pooled adverse events rate of sirolimus was 23.81%.Conclusions:Our findings indicate that for KHE and TA with KMP, combination therapy (sirolimus + glucocorticoid) and vincristine have the best efficacy, while the adverse events rate of sirolimus is relatively high. For KHE and TA without KMP, sirolimus has the highest response rate, but there is also a risk of serious adverse events. Glucocorticoid and vincristine have comparable response rate, which both inferior to sirolimus.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of common medication treatments on Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and tufted angioma (TA).Methods:PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang database were searched to find out the observational studies on medication treatment of KHE and TA. R-3.6.2 was used for calculate the pooled response rate and pooled adverse events rate. Meta analyses were performed according to KHE and TA with and without Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) respectively. SPSS 22.0 was used to compare the pooled rates among each therapy.Results:A total of 30 studies regarding the medication treatment of KHE and TA were identified in this meta-analysis. Analyzed medicines included glucocorticoid, vincristine, sirolimus, propranolol, combination therapy of vincristine and glucocorticoid. The pooled results indicated that when referring therapy on KHE and TA with KMP, the pooled response rate of combination therapy (98.34%) and sirolimus (96.43%) was higher than that of other therapies, and the difference was statistically significant. The pooled adverse events rate of sirolimus (5.53%) was relatively higher than other modalities, with no statistically significance. As for therapy on KHE and TA without KMP, sirolimus (94.23%) had higher pooled response rate than glucocorticoid (31.25%), vincristine (46.15%) and propranolol (22.86%), with statistically significant differences. The pooled adverse events rate of sirolimus was 23.81%.Conclusions:Our findings indicate that for KHE and TA with KMP, combination therapy (sirolimus + glucocorticoid) and vincristine have the best efficacy, while the adverse events rate of sirolimus is relatively high. For KHE and TA without KMP, sirolimus has the highest response rate, but there is also a risk of serious adverse events. Glucocorticoid and vincristine have comparable response rate, which both inferior to sirolimus.

Objective To investigate the effects of brain ischemic preconditioning (BIP) on peripheral blood EPCs and neovascularization in ischemic brain tissue in rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods One hundred and eight male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:SO group (n=36), MCAO group (n=36) and BIP group (n=36). Neurological function assessment was conducted at 0 h before MCAO-reperfusion, 3 h, 24 h and 3 d, 5 d as well as 7 d after MCAO-reperfusion (n=6 for each group in each time point). Flow cytometry was used to calculate the number of EPCs. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the capillary density. Results ①Although neurologi?cal deficit scores were significantly decreased in both BIP and MCAO groups after 3 h following MCAO-reperfusion, the scores were much lower in BIP group than in MCAO group(5 d:1.00±0.63;7 d:1.00±0.63, P<0.05).②The numbers of EPCs were decreased in MCAO group while was increased in BIP group at 3 h after MCAO-reperfusion. The numbers of EPCs were significantly higher in BIP group than in MCAO group(24 h:0.58±0.07;3 d:0.80±0.10;5 d:0.68±0.05;7 d:0.52 ± 0.03, P<0.01). ③ The new blood vessels could be detected at 3 d in BIP group and 5 d in MCAO group after MCAO-reperfusion. The numbers of new blood vessels were significantly higher in BIP group than MCAO group(5 d:14.53 ± 3.44; 7 d: 41.40 ± 5.62, P<0.01). ④ Pearson analysis showed a positive correlation between EPCs and capillary density (5 d: r=0.855, P<0.01; 7 d: r=0.946, P<0.01). Conclusion BIP can improve EPCs mobilization and function, which may contribute to neovascularization in the ischemic brain tissue.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the changes of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and the clinical stages in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods One hundred and seven patients with cerebral infarction were chosen to perform conventional MRI and DTI,respectively.With double-blind method,the signal intensity of fractional anisotropy(FA)and isotropic apparent diffusion coefficient(ADCiso)in responsible to infraction regions was observed and based on their results,the relationships between the changes of DTI and the clinical stages were analyzed. Results In 29 cases of cerebral infarction in acute stage,10 were manifested as type I(hypointensity on ADCiso map,hyperintensity on FA map)and type Ⅱ(hypointensity on ADCiso map and FA map with hyper intensive circumference)on DTI;3 were manifested as type Ⅲ on DTI(iso-/Paypo-intensity on ADCiso map and FA map with normal circumference);6 were manifested as type Ⅳ on DTI(hyperintensity on ADCiso map,hypointensity on FA map).In 34 cases of cerebral infarction in sub-acute stage,2 were manifested astype Ⅰ on DTI;20 were manifested astype Ⅱ;8 were manifested as type Ⅲ and 4 were manifested as type IV.In 44 cases of cerebral infarction chronic stage.1 Was manifested as type Ⅱ on DTI;2 were manifested as type Ⅲ and 41 were manifested as type IV.Positive correlation was found between changes of DTI and clinical stages(r=0.693,P=0.000). Conclusion The intensity of infraction on DTI can directly demonstrate the clinical stages,providing precise evidence for classifying the stages of cerebral infarction.

AIMTo investigate the expression of Spindlin 1 (Spin 1) isoform2 and assess its function in mouse testis.

METHODSFirst, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine whether Spin1 isoform2 is present in mouse testis. Then the expression patterns of the isoform between newborn and adult mice testes were compared by immunoblot analysis. Finally, the diversity of its localization in mice testes at different ages (days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60) was observed by immunohistochemistry. The localization of the protein in mouse sperm was also investigated by immunofluorescence.

RESULTSThe RT-PCR results show that Spin1 isoform2 is present in mouse testis. As shown by immunoblot analysis, the isoform was more highly expressed in adult testes compared with newborn testes. Interestingly, Spin1 isoform2 did not show up in the cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes until day 14. Also, the protein exists at the tail of the mouse sperm.

CONCLUSIONSpin1 isoform2 is a protein expressed highly in adult testis, which might be involved in spermatogenesis and could be necessary for normal sperm motility.

Age Factors ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Meiosis ; physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phosphoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sperm Motility ; physiology ; Spermatogenesis ; physiology ; Testis ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo develop a multiplexed mutagenically separated PCR (MS-PCR) for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci typing in mitochondrial DNA coding regions and to study the applications in investigating the allele frequencies and haplotypes of four SNP loci in mitochondrial DNA coding regions in Chinese Chengdu Han population.

METHODSFour SNP loci C12705T, A8701G, G8584A and C10400T, two allele specific forward primer with 4 bases different in size and a common reverse primer were designed for SNP typing. The primers simultaneously were amplified in a single tube. The genotyping of SNPs was determined by the two allele specific fragments different in size after polyacrylamide gel and silver staining.

RESULTSThe different SNP loci comprised a single band with different size respectively. Typing results were completely consistent with those by direct sequencing. The allelic frequencies of C12705T, A8701G, G8584A and C10400T were 0.3813/0.6187, 0.4813/0.5187, 0.8250/0.1750 and 0.4938/0.5062 respectively. A total of 6 different haplotypes was identified and the genetic diversity reached 0.7137.

CONCLUSIONMultiplexed MS-PCR is a simple, rapid, accurate and efficient method for SNP typing, which will be very powerful for SNPs in the database establishing of mitochondrial DNA coding regions, the testing of forensic and population genetics research.

Base Sequence ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; chemistry ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA