Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To explore the factors that tend to lead to a low normal fertilization rate in spindle transfer of mouse oocytes and its strategies.Methods:Oocytes in metaphase Ⅱ (MⅡ) of C57BL/6 and ICR strains mouse were obtained for observations of mitochondrial replacement operations. Spindle karyoplasts of three different sizes (large, medium, small) were isolated by micromanipulation, and their morphology was observed under bright field and polarized light at 0 min, 10 min, 20 min and 30 min after suction. For small spindle karyoplasts, 2% paraformaldehyde fixation was performed after 10 min, 20 min and 30 min respectively, and the morphology of spindle and chromosomes was observed after immunofluorescence staining. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed on oocytes, followed by small spindle karyoplasts isolation, and then fusion was conducted after 30 min (traditional method), 10 min (modified method 1) and 0 min (modified method 2) respectively. ICSI-oocytes without spindle transfer were used as control group, and 14-16 h later, the fertilization of reconstructed oocytes was observed and statistically analyzed.Results:1) When spindle karyoplast was just retrieved (0 min), the karyoplast membrane was smooth and complete, and the spindle showed a normal spindle shape. After 10 min, 20 min and 30 min of suction, the karyoplast membrane was twisted or elongated with an irregular morphology, and the spindle was also twisted, stretched or scattered with a weaker brightness. And the smaller spindle karyoplast, the more serious the deformation was. 2) When the spindle was just taken out (0 min), immunofluorescence staining showed that the spindle was in a standard spindle shape, and the chromosomes were regularly and neatly arranged on the equatorial plate. With the prolongation of placement time, spindles were elongated and tapered or dumbbell-shaped, and chromosomes were scattered and irregularly arranged. 3) For the traditional method of spindle transfer, the normal fertilization rate of C57BL/6 mouse reconstructed oocytes was 63.16% (24/38), which was statistically different from that of control group ( P=0.002). The normal fertilization rate [68.00% (34/50)] in the modified method 1 group was significantly lower than that in control group [90.00% (36/40), P=0.019], but there was no statistical difference with the traditional method ( P=0.260). However, the normal fertilization rate [82.50% (33/40)] in the modified method 2 group was similar to control group ( P=0.422), and was significantly higher than that of the traditional method group ( P=0.010). Conclusion:The longer the spindle karyoplast of mouse oocytes is stayed after retrieval, the more serious the morphological changes, the more unstable the spindles and chromosomes, and the lower normal fertilization rate. Immediate fusion of spindle karyoplast after isolation is the best time for mitochondrial replacement micromanipulation.

Background: The function of CD69 expressed on T cells in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the roles of CD69 on T cells in the disease process and in antiviral therapy for CHB. Methods: We enrolled 335 treatment-naive patients with CHB and 93 patients with CHB on antiviral therapy. CD69, antiviral cytokine production by T cells, T-helper (Th) cells, and inhibitory molecules of T cells were measured using flow cytometry, and clinical-virological characteristics were examined dynamically during antiviral therapy. Results: CD69 expression on CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells was the lowest in the immune-active phase and was negatively correlated with liver transaminase activity, fibrosis features, inflammatory cytokine production by T cells, and Th-cell frequencies but positively with inhibitory molecules on T cells. CD69 expression on CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells decreased after 48 weeks of antiviral therapy, and patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion in week 48 showed lower CD69 expression on T cells at baseline and week 48. The area under the ROC curve of CD69 expression on T cells at baseline for predicting HBeAg seroconversion in week 48 was 0.870, the sensitivity was 0.909, and the specificity was 0.714 (P = 0.002). Conclusions CD69 negatively regulates T-cell immunity during CHB, and its expression decreases with antiviral therapy. CD69 expression predicts HBeAg seroconversion in week 48. CD69 may play an important negative role in regulating T cells and affect the efficacy of antiviral therapy.

Objective:To explore the factors that tend to lead to a low normal fertilization rate in spindle transfer of mouse oocytes and its strategies.Methods:Oocytes in metaphase Ⅱ (MⅡ) of C57BL/6 and ICR strains mouse were obtained for observations of mitochondrial replacement operations. Spindle karyoplasts of three different sizes (large, medium, small) were isolated by micromanipulation, and their morphology was observed under bright field and polarized light at 0 min, 10 min, 20 min and 30 min after suction. For small spindle karyoplasts, 2% paraformaldehyde fixation was performed after 10 min, 20 min and 30 min respectively, and the morphology of spindle and chromosomes was observed after immunofluorescence staining. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed on oocytes, followed by small spindle karyoplasts isolation, and then fusion was conducted after 30 min (traditional method), 10 min (modified method 1) and 0 min (modified method 2) respectively. ICSI-oocytes without spindle transfer were used as control group, and 14-16 h later, the fertilization of reconstructed oocytes was observed and statistically analyzed.Results:1) When spindle karyoplast was just retrieved (0 min), the karyoplast membrane was smooth and complete, and the spindle showed a normal spindle shape. After 10 min, 20 min and 30 min of suction, the karyoplast membrane was twisted or elongated with an irregular morphology, and the spindle was also twisted, stretched or scattered with a weaker brightness. And the smaller spindle karyoplast, the more serious the deformation was. 2) When the spindle was just taken out (0 min), immunofluorescence staining showed that the spindle was in a standard spindle shape, and the chromosomes were regularly and neatly arranged on the equatorial plate. With the prolongation of placement time, spindles were elongated and tapered or dumbbell-shaped, and chromosomes were scattered and irregularly arranged. 3) For the traditional method of spindle transfer, the normal fertilization rate of C57BL/6 mouse reconstructed oocytes was 63.16% (24/38), which was statistically different from that of control group ( P=0.002). The normal fertilization rate [68.00% (34/50)] in the modified method 1 group was significantly lower than that in control group [90.00% (36/40), P=0.019], but there was no statistical difference with the traditional method ( P=0.260). However, the normal fertilization rate [82.50% (33/40)] in the modified method 2 group was similar to control group ( P=0.422), and was significantly higher than that of the traditional method group ( P=0.010). Conclusion:The longer the spindle karyoplast of mouse oocytes is stayed after retrieval, the more serious the morphological changes, the more unstable the spindles and chromosomes, and the lower normal fertilization rate. Immediate fusion of spindle karyoplast after isolation is the best time for mitochondrial replacement micromanipulation.

This study retrospectively reviews and analyzes the application and funding status of traditional Chinese medicine pediat-rics(code H3112)projects under the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)from 2014 to 2023.It introduces the ap-plication and funding situations of projects in three categories:general programs,young scientists programs,and regional fund programs.The study also summarizes the characteristics of funded projects in the field of traditional Chinese medicine pediatrics,ai-ming to provide references for researchers and clinical professionals in this field when applying for future projects.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

This study retrospectively reviews and analyzes the application and funding status of traditional Chinese medicine pediat-rics(code H3112)projects under the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)from 2014 to 2023.It introduces the ap-plication and funding situations of projects in three categories:general programs,young scientists programs,and regional fund programs.The study also summarizes the characteristics of funded projects in the field of traditional Chinese medicine pediatrics,ai-ming to provide references for researchers and clinical professionals in this field when applying for future projects.

Objective:To analyze the effects of highdose methotrexate(HD-MTX)and lenalidomide as central nervous system(CNS)prophylaxis strategies in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL).Methods:The data of DLBCL patients with high risk of CNS recurrence who were initially treated in Fujian Provincial Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital from January 2012 to June 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were divided into HD-MTX group and lenalidomide group according to different prophylaxis strategies.Each group was further divided into high-risk group and medium-risk group based on CNS-IPI score and/or testicular involvement.The CNS relapse-free survival(CRFS)rate,adverse effects,and the effects of different prophylaxis strategies on overall survival(OS)rate and progression-free survival(PFS)rate were evaluated in different groups and subgroups.Results:There were 200 patients enrolled in this study,80 cases in lenalidomide group and 120 cases in HD-MTX group.According to the delivery timing of prophylactic HD-MTX,the patients in HD-MTX group were further divided into two groups:80 cases at the end of induction chemotherapy and 40 cases during chemotherapy interval.At a median follow-up of 48(14-133)months,the 4-year CRFS rate,4-year PFS rate,and 4-year OS rate of the HD-MTX group was 93.6％,57.2％,and 68.8％,respectively,while that of the lenalidomide group was 90.4％,69.4％and 75.6％.There were no significant differences in 4-year CRFS rate,4-year PFS rate,and 4-year OS rate between HD-MTX group and lenalidomide group(all P＞0.05),but lenalidomide group showed a trend of improvement in PFS.Further subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in 4-year CRFS rate between high-risk patients of the two groups(91.7％vs 83.4％,P＞0.05),while 4-year PFS rate showed difference(49.5％vs 64.2％,P＜0.05).A total of 248 cycles were collected for adverse reaction analysis in the HD-MTX group,and 25 cycles occurred neutropenia accompanied with infection(10.1％),while in lenalidomide group 240 cycles were collected in which 20 cycles occurred neutropenia accompanied with infection(8.3％).Both the two groups had no treatment-related deaths.Conclusion:Compared with HD-MTX,lenalidomide combined with immunochemotherapy can prevent CNS relapse,at the same time,improve prognosis,which is a safe and well tolerated central prophylaxis strategy.

Basic research and interdisciplinary application of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） have been continuously extended and rapidly developed with the continuous funding and promotion of basic research on TCM supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC）， and the overall level of basic research on TCM has been significantly improved， which has made important contributions to the diagnosis and treatment mechanism of TCM by "clarifying， identifying， and interpreting"， providing benchmark guarantees for basic research and industry development of TCM. This article focused on the application and funded projects of NSFC in 2023 under the H31 application code of TCM. It analyzed the project types， branch codes， research question categories， supporting units and regions， research directions， and keywords and summarized the characteristics of the currently funded projects in H31. At the same time， it analyzed the relevant problems in the project application process and put forward several suggestions， so as to provide a reference for scholars in the field of TCM. In 2023， a total of 8 334 applications for three types of projects （general projects， projects for young scholars， and regional projects） under the H31 code have been received by NSFC， which is the highest number in the past five years. However， the proportion of funding is still on a downward trend， and there is fierce competition among applicants. Finally， 804 projects for the three categories under the H31 code have been funded. The total funding decreased in 2022， and the average funding amount of the general project and the regional project has dropped to the lowest in the past five years. It is found that the development of branch research and the research questions under the H31 code is unbalanced. Few projects have focused on the original theory of TCM. Some projects are detached from the characteristics and research laws of TCM. Most researchers lack innovative research ideas， and the applications they write are filled with routines and patterns. In addition， the issue of scientific integrity remains a primary principle for project applicants.

Objective To develop a portable field infusion kit for first aid to meet the treatment requirements in field conditions.Methods The infusion kit had its frame made of third-generation carbon fiber material and was composed of a lid and a body.The lid was equipped with embedded handles on the outer surface,a medicine module consisting of 12 mesh bags on the inner surface and LED lights on the inner and outer front side walls.The kit body had three storage layers in its upper,middle and lower parts,of which the upper layer was for supplies of infusion and hemostatic dressing,the middle layer was for medical instruments and soft bags of liquid for first aid,and the lower layer was for medical waste and sharp instruments,and the bottom of the kit was provided with telescopic drawbars and invisible rollers.Results The first-aid infusion kit facilitated the storage and utilization of kinds of infusion supplies,and lowered time consumption and workloads for transport.Conclusion The first-aid infusion kit gains advantages in reasonable layout,comprehensive functions and convenient operation,and thus is worhty promoting for casualty treatment in field conditions.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(7):115-117]