OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical effect of Kirschner wire combined with PEEK anchor with thread to fix fibula bone block in WagstaffeⅡfracture. METHODS: From January 2018 to December 2020, 29 patients with WagstaffeⅡfracture of ankle joint were treated with Kirschner wire fixation of avulsed fibular bone block, PEEK with thread anchor repair and reinforcement, and plaster external fixation, including 18 males and 11 females, aged from 27 to 69 years old with an average of (46.3±10.2) years old. All of them were unilateral operations, and the time from injury to operation ranged from 3 to 5 days with an average of(4.05±0.63) days. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by using American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot functional scoring system and visual analogue scaleat scoring system before and after operation at 6 months. RESULTS: All patients were followed up from 6 to 12 months with an average of (9.7±2.1) months. Two patients occurred pain of ankle joint during walking, which was relieved after strengthening rehabilitation exercise and anti-nflammatory and analgesic drug treatment. AOFAS score was incrased from(62.16±19.73) preoperativyly to(91.35±6.37) at 6 months after operation (t=5.51, P<0.01);15 patients got excellent results, 12 moderate and 2 good. VAS was decreased (5.91±1.57) preoperativly to (0.41±0.37) at 6 months after operation(t=10.54, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Kirschner wire combined with PEEK anchor with thread to fix fibula bone block in WagstaffeⅡfracture strengthen repair of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis ligament and anterior talofibular ligament, and effectively relieved ankle joint pain, obtain good function recovery, the avulsion fracture block was fixed securely, and receive good clinical effect.
Adult ; Aged ; Benzophenones ; Bone Wires ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Fractures, Bone/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; Polymers

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been widely applied in orthopedics because of its excellent mechanical properties, radiolucency, and biocompatibility. However, the bioinertness and poor osteointegration of PEEK have greatly limited its further application. Growing evidence proves that physical factors of implants, including their architecture, surface morphology, stiffness, and mechanical stimulation, matter as much as the composition of their surface chemistry. This review focuses on the multiple strategies for the physical modification of PEEK implants through adjusting their architecture, surface morphology, and stiffness. Many research findings show that transforming the architecture and incorporating reinforcing fillers into PEEK can affect both its mechanical strength and cellular responses. Modified PEEK surfaces at the macro scale and micro/nano scale have positive effects on cell-substrate interactions. More investigations are necessary to reach consensus on the optimal design of PEEK implants and to explore the efficiency of various functional implant surfaces. Soft-tissue integration has been ignored, though evidence shows that physical modifications also improve the adhesion of soft tissue. In the future, ideal PEEK implants should have a desirable topological structure with better surface hydrophilicity and optimum surface chemistry.
Benzophenones ; Ketones/chemistry* ; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry* ; Polymers/chemistry* ; Surface Properties

OBJECTIVE: To develop dexamethasone plus minocycline-loaded liposomes (Dex/Mino liposomes) and apply them to improve bioinert polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surface, which could prevent post-operative bacterial contamination, enhance ossification for physiologic osseointegration, and finally reduce implant failure rates. METHODS: Dex/Mino liposomes were covalently grafted onto the PEEK surface using polydopamine (pDA) coating as a medium. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to confirm the binding of fluorescently labeled liposomes onto the PEEK substrate, and a microplate reader was used to semiquantitatively measure the average fluorescence intensity of fluorescently labeled liposome-decorated PEEK surfaces. Moreover, the mouse subcutaneous infection model and the beagle femur implantation model were respectively conducted to verify the bioactivity of Dex/Mino liposome-modified PEEK in vivo, by means of micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining analysis. RESULTS: The qualitative and quantitative results of fluorescently labeled liposomes showed that, the red fluorescence intensity of the PEEK-pDA-lipo group was stronger than that of the PEEK-NF-lipo group (P < 0.05); the liposomes were successfully and uniformly decorated on the PEEK surfaces due to the pDA coating. After mouse subcutaneous implantation of PEEKs for 24 hours, HE staining results showed that the number of inflammatory cells in the PEEK-Dex/Mino lipo group were lower than that in the inert PEEK group (P < 0.05), indicating a lower degree of infection in the test group. These results suggested that the Mino released from the liposome-functionalized surface provided an effective bacteriostasis in vivo. After beagle femoral implantation of PEEK for 8 weeks, micro-CT results showed that the PEEK-Dex/Mino lipo group newly formed more continuous bone when compared with the inert PEEK group; HE staining results showed that more new bones were formed in the PEEK-Dex/Mino lipo group than in the inert PEEK group, which were firmly bonded to the functionalized PEEK surface and extended along the PEEK interface. These results suggested that the Dex released from the liposome-functionalized surface induced effective bone regeneration in vivo. CONCLUSION Dex/Mino liposome modification enhanced the bioactivity of inert PEEK, the functionalized PEEK with enhanced antibacterial and osseointegrative capacity has great potential as an orthopedic/dental implant material for clinical application.
Animals ; Benzophenones ; Dogs ; Ketones ; Liposomes ; Mice ; Osseointegration ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Polymers ; Surface Properties ; X-Ray Microtomography

This study explored the chemical constituents of the aerial part of Hypericum curvisepalum. Sixteen compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of H. curvisepalum with various chromatographic techniques, including a new prenylated phenyl polyketide, mysorenone D(1). Other compounds were mysorenone-A(2), mysorenone-C(3), mysorenone-B(4), peplidiforone A(5), 4-methoxy-3-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one(6), hyperenone-A(7), 4-(3,3-dimethylallyl)oxy-6-phenyl-α-pyrone(8), peplidiforone B(9), elegaphenone(10), hypercohin A(11), hyperisampsin G(12), spathulenol(13), quercetin(14), β-sitosterol(15), and β-amyrin(16).
Benzophenones ; Hypericum ; Quercetin

Fenofibrate, an agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), lowers blood pressure, but whether this action is mediated via baroreflex afferents has not been elucidated. In this study, the distribution of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ was assessed in the nodose ganglion (NG) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Hypertension induced by drinking high fructose (HFD) was reduced, along with complete restoration of impaired baroreceptor sensitivity, by chronic treatment with fenofibrate. The molecular data also showed that both PPAR-α and PPAR-γ were dramatically up-regulated in the NG and NTS of the HFD group. Expression of the downstream signaling molecule of PPAR-α, the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), was up-regulated in the baroreflex afferent pathway under similar experimental conditions, along with amelioration of reduced superoxide dismutase activity and increased superoxide in HFD rats. These results suggest that chronic treatment with fenofibrate plays a crucial role in the neural control of blood pressure by improving baroreflex afferent function due at least partially to PPAR-mediated up-regulation of UCP2 expression and reduction of oxidative stress.
Afferent Pathways ; drug effects ; Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; pharmacology ; Baroreflex ; drug effects ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Fenofibrate ; pharmacology ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; PPAR gamma ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Transcriptional Activation ; drug effects ; Uncoupling Protein 2 ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation

Five compounds were isolated from the fibrous roots of Anemarrhena asphodeloides by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-HPLC column chromatography. On the basis of physic-chemical properties and spectroscopic data analysis, these compounds were identified as methyl 2-[2,4-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-6-methoxyphenyl]acetate(1), 4-[formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoate(2), perlolyrine(3),syringaresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucoside(4) and 4',6-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-2-O-(2″),3-C-(1″)-1″-desoxy-α-L-fructofuranoside(5). Among them, 1 was a new benzophenone. Compounds 2-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compound 1 was tested for neuroprotective effects against H_2O_2-induced damage in SH-SY5 Y cells.
Anemarrhena ; chemistry ; Benzophenones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Humans ; Neuroprotective Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Phytochemicals ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum is derived from heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera,which is national Ⅱ level of rare and endangered protective plants in China. Its resources are scarce and its price is high. In order to find substitutes of D. odorifera,the chemical constituents of 70% ethanol extract of heartwood of D. catifolia were systematically studied by using silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,and semi-preparative HPLC. Sixteen neoflavanoids were isolated and identified as eight dalbergiphenols( 1-8),three dalbergiones( 9-11),two dalbergins( 12,13),two benzophenones( 14,15) and one other type neoflavanoids( 16) based on spectroscopic data analyses and/or comparing the spectroscopic data with those in literature. Among them,compounds 3,7 and 11 were isolated from the genus Dalbergia for the first time,and compounds 2,4-6,8,14 and 15 were isolated from the D. latifolia for the first time. Ten neoflavonoids were both discovered from D. latifolia and D. odorifera.
Benzophenones ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dalbergia ; Plant Extracts

OBJECTIVE: To explore a novel method for fabricating removable partial dentures (RPDs) using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies and to evaluate their fits for different assemblies in vitro. METHODS: A standard stone cast of mandibular partial edentulous jaw was scanned using a lab scanner. Based on the digital cast, thirteen complete RPDs were designed combing dental CAD software and reverse engineering software, and then fabricated using PEEK by milling machine. Fits of assemblies were evaluated quantitatively by measuring the spaces between RPDs and casts. The gaps between RPDs and stone casts in different assemblies were duplicated using light-body silicone impression material and then measured using three-dimensional (3D) digital analysis methods in virtue of a dedicated software. Statistically, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the difference of gaps among assemblies in different shapes such as occlusal rest, denture base, and major connector. Paired-samples t test was used to compare the gaps difference for the similar shape assemblies in different areas. RESULTS: One-piece PEEK RPDs were successfully designed and fabricated by CAD/CAM, and all the RPDs were well-seated on stone casts. The gaps between occlusal rests and casts [(84.3±23.6) μm] were significantly larger than those of denture bases [(32.5±27.8) μm] and major connectors [(49.9±47.0) μm], which meant that the fits of denture bases and major connectors were better than that of occlusal rests. However, the fits of all assemblies could be accepted clinically. For the similar shape assemblies in different areas, there were no significantly differences for gaps between distal extension denture bases [(25.1±55.3) μm] and non-extensive denture bases [(41.5±17.7) μm]. The gaps of occlusal rests adjacent and nonadjacent to the edentulous space were (86.1±29.8) μm and (80.8±42.1) μm respectively and there were no significantly difference between them either. These results implied that different locations had no apparent effect on the fits of assemblies. CONCLUSION With the computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technology, PEEK can be used to fabricate one-piece removable partial dentures. And all assemblies of the one-piece PEEK RPDs showed satisfying fits in vitro, indicating a promising clinical application in the future.
Benzophenones ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture, Partial, Removable ; Ketones ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Polymers

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of sera from rats fed with tablets (HGT) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a steatotic hepatocyte model of free fatty acids (FFAs)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and explore the possible mechanism. METHODS: FFAs prepared by mixing oleic acid and palmitic acid at the ratio of 2:1. HepG2 cells were treated with the sera from rats fed with low-, moderate-or high-dose HGT (HGT sera) or sera of rats fed with fenofibrate (fenofibrate sera), followed by treatment with 1 mmol/L FFAs for 24 h to induce hepatic steatosis. Oil red O staining was used to observe the distribution of lipid droplets in the cells. The biochemical parameters including triglyceride (TG), lactated hydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured using a commercial kit. The morphological changes of the ER in the cells were observed using transmission electron microscopy. The protein/mRNA expressions of ER stress-related signal molecules including GRP78, PERK, p-PERK, ATF6, ATF4, CASPASE-12, CHOP, XBP-1, PKC, and p-PKC-δ were detected using Western blotting and/or quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The changes in the protein expressions of GRP78, p-PERK, CASPASE-12 and CHOP were also detected in cells with transient transfection of PKC-δ siRNA for PKC-δ knockdown. RESULTS: Compared with the control cells, the cells treated with FFAs showed significantly increased levels of TG, AST, and ALT ( < 0.05). Compared with FFAs-treated cells, the cells pretreated with HGT sera or fenofibrate sera all showed significantly decreased TG, AST and ALT levels ( < 0.05), reduced accumulation of the lipid droplets ( < 0.05), and lowered protein or mRNA expression levels of GRP78, p-PERK, ATF6, ATF4, CHOP, CASPASE-12, XBP-1 and p-PKC-δ ( < 0.05). PKC-δ knockdown caused significantly reduced protein expressions of GRP78, p-PERK, CASPASE-12 and CHOP in the cells with FFA-induced hepatic steatosis ( < 0.001); treatment with high-dose HGT serum more significantly reduced the expressions of GRP78 ( < 0.001) and P-PERK ( < 0.01) in FFAs-induced cells with PKC-δ knockdown. CONCLUSIONS HGT serum can effectively prevent FFAs-induced steatosis in HepG2 cells by alleviating ER stress, in which PKC-δ may act as an important target.
Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; ultrastructure ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; drug effects ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Fenofibrate ; administration & dosage ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; blood ; etiology ; prevention & control ; RNA, Messenger ; blood ; Rats ; Serum ; Tablets ; Triglycerides ; blood

Serum levels of the pro-inflammatory apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) are increased in type-1 diabetic (T1D) patients and when β-cells are exposed to apoCIII they undergo apoptosis, which can be prevented by an antibody against apoCIII. We have previously investigated the BB rat, an animal model that develops a human-like T1D at the age of around 60 days, and found that apoCIII was also increased in sera from pre-diabetic rats and this promoted β-cell death. Lowering apoCIII with an oligonucleotide antisense during a phase of the pre-diabetic period prolonged the time to onset of T1D. In order to find other ways to lower apoCIII we in this study tested non-alcoholic red wine with medium and high concentrations of polyphenols and the lipid-lowering drug, fenofibrate, both reported to decrease the expression of apoCIII by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Pre-diabetic BB-rats were treated orally for one month prior to the expected onset of diabetes with the two different wines or fenofibrate. None of the treatments prevented or prolonged the time to onset of diabetes and the expression of apoCIII was unaffected in this animal model for T1D. However, it must be emphasized that this does not exclude that other species can show a response to these substances.
Animals ; Apolipoprotein C-III ; Apoptosis ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Fenofibrate* ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors ; Polyphenols ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred BB* ; Wine*