Wilson disease （WD） is one of the few treatable neurogenetic disorders. Currently， Western medicine remains the main treatment method for WD， while since the 1990s， multiple studies conducted by Professor Yang Renmin and his team have shown that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） also has a favorable therapeutic effect. Based on the principle of low-copper diet for WD， this article systematically elaborates on the advantages， limitations， and key considerations of current Western medicine therapies （pharmacotherapy， liver transplantation， and splenectomy） and reviews the research findings of TCM in China， especially the wide application of Gandou Decoction in clinical practice. Studies have shown that Gandou Decoction can effectively improve neurological symptoms， protect hepatic and renal function， and avoid the adverse drug reactions associated with metal chelating agents， and therefore， it can be used an effective long-term adjuvant therapy for WD. It should be noted that symptoms and signs should be considered in integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy for WD， and high-copper TCM drugs should be avoided to prevent deterioration.

Thyroid hormone（TH）plays an important role in human development and is involved in gene and protein expression in almost all tissues，especially in the development of the central nervous system.TH requires a TH transporter to enter the cell，and three families of TH transporter proteins are known，namely monocarboxylate transporters（MCTs），organic anion transporting polypeptides（OATPs）and L-type amino acid transporter（LAT）.MCT8 has been found to be a specific TH transporter，and OATP1C1 also plays an important role.Deficiency of TH transporters may lead to different degrees of dysfunction in the nervous system and endocrine system.Currently，more studies have been conducted on MCT8 deficiency，which presents with characteristic psychomotor retardation and TH abnormalities，and there are no specific treatment options.In this paper，we summarize the research progress on clinical phenotype，pathogenic mechanism，and treatment of thyroid hormone transporter defects related diseases to provide reference for clinical research.

To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Yougui Pills(YGP) on oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) in human ovarian granulosa cells(KGN). The components in serum with low-and high-doses of YGP were analyzed and compared through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-QEMS), and selected the serum containing YGP high-dose group to follow-up experiments. To stimulated KGN with 200 μmol·L~(-1) H_2O_2to establish an oxidative damage model, which was divided into normal group, model group, low-, medium-, and high-dose of YGP groups, and the efficacy was further verified on the basis of silencing or overexpressing serine protease inhibitor(Serpina3k), further validating the efficacy based on the silencing or overexpression of Serpina3k. TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to measure the secretion levels of estradiol(E_2) and 17β-E_2 in KGN, and Western blot was utilized to assess the expression of Serpina3k and proteins related to the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. The results show that compared to the model group, each dose group of YGP not only significantly reduces granulocyte apoptosis and upregulates the secretion levels of E_2 and 17β-E_2, but also significantly upregulates Serpina3k and Nrf2 pathway. Further research has found that overexpression of Serpina3k not only enhances the therapeutic effect of YGP but also increases the expression of Nrf2 and inhibits the expression of Keap1. Conversely, interfering with Serpina3k partially reverses the therapeutic effect of YGP, while also partially. The results indicate that the mechanism by which YGP improves oxidative stress in KGN may be related to its upregulation of Serpina3k expression, which affects the conduction of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. This study reveals the mechanism by which YGP protects granular cells, providing a certain theoretical basis for its clinical application.
NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics* ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/genetics* ; Humans ; Female ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Granulosa Cells/cytology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Serpins/genetics*

The ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus is a major target of the basal ganglia and is closely associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Notably, the VA receives direct innervation from the hypothalamic histaminergic system. However, its role in PD remains unknown. Here, we assessed the contribution of histamine to VA neuronal activity and PD motor deficits. Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed reduced VA activity in PD patients. Optogenetic activation of VA neurons or histaminergic afferents significantly alleviated motor deficits in 6-OHDA-induced PD rats. Furthermore, histamine excited VA neurons via H1 and H2 receptors and their coupled hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, inward-rectifier K⁺ channels, or Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels. These results demonstrate that histaminergic afferents actively compensate for Parkinsonian motor deficits by biasing VA activity. These findings suggest that targeting VA histamine receptors and downstream ion channels may be a potential therapeutic strategy for PD motor dysfunction.
Animals ; Histamine/metabolism* ; Male ; Oxidopamine/toxicity* ; Rats ; Ventral Thalamic Nuclei/physiopathology* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Disease Models, Animal ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism* ; Neurons/physiology* ; Humans ; Optogenetics

[Objective] To explore the current status, influencing factors, and serological characteristics of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) among blood donors in Xuzhou, so as to provide data support for improving blood safety screening strategies. [Methods] Blood samples from blood donors from January 2019 to December 2023 in Xuzhou were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serological markers and transaminase levels. Qualified samples were then subjected to nucleic acid testing (NAT). Statistical analysis was performed on the gender, age, education level, and occupation of HBV-infected donors. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors and epidemiological trends in OBI donors. Chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to quantify the levels of anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc in OBI donors and eligible donors (control group). [Results] Among the 545 292 blood donors, there were 388 OBI donors were identified, with a positive rate of 0.07%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male gender, age >45 years, education below college level, and occupation as a farmer were associated risk factors for OBI infection. Among the 388 OBI donors, the predominant serological patterns were anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive (48.71%), anti-HBs, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc positive (16.75%), and anti-HBc alone positive (16.49%). In contrast, the most common patterns among eligible donors were anti-HBs alone positive (46.96%) and serologically negative (26.52%). Anti-HBs levels in OBI donors were significantly lower than those in eligible donors across all patterns (P<0.05). For donors positive for anti-HBc, the distribution of anti-HBs levels in OBI donors was predominantly <100 IU/L, significantly lower than that in eligible donors (P<0.05), while and the proportion of eligible donors with anti-HBs levels >1 000 IU/L was higher than that in OBI donors (P<0.05). [Conclusion] There is a certain proportion of OBI infections among blood donors in Xuzhou, with an overall declining trend. NAT contributes to improved detection rates of HBV infections. The epidemiological distribution of OBI donors in terms of gender, age, education, and occupation differs from that of eligible donors, and there are also differences in serological characteristics between the two groups.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an intelligent handheld ultrasound (US) device for assisting non-expert general practitioners (GPs) in detecting carotid plaques (CPs) in community populations. Methods: This prospective parallel controlled trial recruited 111 consecutive community residents. All of them underwent examinations by non-expert GPs and specialist doctors using handheld US devices (setting A, setting B, and setting C). The results of setting C with specialist doctors were considered the gold standard. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the features of CPs were measured and recorded. The diagnostic performance of GPs in distinguishing CPs was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Inter-observer agreement was compared using the intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC). Questionnaires were completed to evaluate clinical benefits. Results: Among the 111 community residents, 80, 96, and 112 CPs were detected in settings A, B, and C, respectively. Setting B exhibited better diagnostic performance than setting A for detecting CPs (area under the curve, 0.856 vs. 0.749; P<0.01). Setting B had better consistency with setting C than setting A in CIMT measurement and the assessment of CPs (ICC, 0.731 to 0.923). Moreover, measurements in setting B required less time than the other two settings (44.59 seconds vs. 108.87 seconds vs. 126.13 seconds, both P<0.01). Conclusion Using an intelligent handheld US device, GPs can perform CP screening and achieve a diagnostic capability comparable to that of specialist doctors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an intelligent handheld ultrasound (US) device for assisting non-expert general practitioners (GPs) in detecting carotid plaques (CPs) in community populations. Methods: This prospective parallel controlled trial recruited 111 consecutive community residents. All of them underwent examinations by non-expert GPs and specialist doctors using handheld US devices (setting A, setting B, and setting C). The results of setting C with specialist doctors were considered the gold standard. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the features of CPs were measured and recorded. The diagnostic performance of GPs in distinguishing CPs was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Inter-observer agreement was compared using the intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC). Questionnaires were completed to evaluate clinical benefits. Results: Among the 111 community residents, 80, 96, and 112 CPs were detected in settings A, B, and C, respectively. Setting B exhibited better diagnostic performance than setting A for detecting CPs (area under the curve, 0.856 vs. 0.749; P<0.01). Setting B had better consistency with setting C than setting A in CIMT measurement and the assessment of CPs (ICC, 0.731 to 0.923). Moreover, measurements in setting B required less time than the other two settings (44.59 seconds vs. 108.87 seconds vs. 126.13 seconds, both P<0.01). Conclusion Using an intelligent handheld US device, GPs can perform CP screening and achieve a diagnostic capability comparable to that of specialist doctors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an intelligent handheld ultrasound (US) device for assisting non-expert general practitioners (GPs) in detecting carotid plaques (CPs) in community populations. Methods: This prospective parallel controlled trial recruited 111 consecutive community residents. All of them underwent examinations by non-expert GPs and specialist doctors using handheld US devices (setting A, setting B, and setting C). The results of setting C with specialist doctors were considered the gold standard. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the features of CPs were measured and recorded. The diagnostic performance of GPs in distinguishing CPs was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Inter-observer agreement was compared using the intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC). Questionnaires were completed to evaluate clinical benefits. Results: Among the 111 community residents, 80, 96, and 112 CPs were detected in settings A, B, and C, respectively. Setting B exhibited better diagnostic performance than setting A for detecting CPs (area under the curve, 0.856 vs. 0.749; P<0.01). Setting B had better consistency with setting C than setting A in CIMT measurement and the assessment of CPs (ICC, 0.731 to 0.923). Moreover, measurements in setting B required less time than the other two settings (44.59 seconds vs. 108.87 seconds vs. 126.13 seconds, both P<0.01). Conclusion Using an intelligent handheld US device, GPs can perform CP screening and achieve a diagnostic capability comparable to that of specialist doctors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an intelligent handheld ultrasound (US) device for assisting non-expert general practitioners (GPs) in detecting carotid plaques (CPs) in community populations. Methods: This prospective parallel controlled trial recruited 111 consecutive community residents. All of them underwent examinations by non-expert GPs and specialist doctors using handheld US devices (setting A, setting B, and setting C). The results of setting C with specialist doctors were considered the gold standard. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the features of CPs were measured and recorded. The diagnostic performance of GPs in distinguishing CPs was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Inter-observer agreement was compared using the intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC). Questionnaires were completed to evaluate clinical benefits. Results: Among the 111 community residents, 80, 96, and 112 CPs were detected in settings A, B, and C, respectively. Setting B exhibited better diagnostic performance than setting A for detecting CPs (area under the curve, 0.856 vs. 0.749; P<0.01). Setting B had better consistency with setting C than setting A in CIMT measurement and the assessment of CPs (ICC, 0.731 to 0.923). Moreover, measurements in setting B required less time than the other two settings (44.59 seconds vs. 108.87 seconds vs. 126.13 seconds, both P<0.01). Conclusion Using an intelligent handheld US device, GPs can perform CP screening and achieve a diagnostic capability comparable to that of specialist doctors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an intelligent handheld ultrasound (US) device for assisting non-expert general practitioners (GPs) in detecting carotid plaques (CPs) in community populations. Methods: This prospective parallel controlled trial recruited 111 consecutive community residents. All of them underwent examinations by non-expert GPs and specialist doctors using handheld US devices (setting A, setting B, and setting C). The results of setting C with specialist doctors were considered the gold standard. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the features of CPs were measured and recorded. The diagnostic performance of GPs in distinguishing CPs was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Inter-observer agreement was compared using the intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC). Questionnaires were completed to evaluate clinical benefits. Results: Among the 111 community residents, 80, 96, and 112 CPs were detected in settings A, B, and C, respectively. Setting B exhibited better diagnostic performance than setting A for detecting CPs (area under the curve, 0.856 vs. 0.749; P<0.01). Setting B had better consistency with setting C than setting A in CIMT measurement and the assessment of CPs (ICC, 0.731 to 0.923). Moreover, measurements in setting B required less time than the other two settings (44.59 seconds vs. 108.87 seconds vs. 126.13 seconds, both P<0.01). Conclusion Using an intelligent handheld US device, GPs can perform CP screening and achieve a diagnostic capability comparable to that of specialist doctors.