Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, resulting in decreased bone strength and an increased risk of fragility fractures. Early assessment of BMD is essential for identifying skeletal abnormalities and supporting clinical decision-making. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a widely used, non-invasive method for evaluating BMD at clinically relevant skeletal sites. Aim: To assess bone mineral density using DXA and describe the corresponding T-score and Z-score measurements in adult patients. Materials and Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted from June to October 2026 at the Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Mongolia–Japan Hospital, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Eight patients aged 18 years or older without fractures were included. According to the study records, participants were selected using a random sampling method. Demographic characteristics, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and DXA measurements were recorded. BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), T-scores, and Z-scores were assessed at the lumbar spine, hip, and forearm. Continuous variables were summarized as means and standard deviations, and categorical variables as frequencies and percentages. Results: A total of eight patients were included, comprising five males (62.5%) and three females (37.5%). The mean age was 52.65±7.95 years, and the mean BMI was 31.59±6.32 kg/m². The mean lumbar spine (L1–L4) T-score was 0.35±1.49, and the mean Z-score was 0.97± .36. The lowest reported mean T-score was observed at the left forearm (−1.29±4.34), followed by the right forearm (−1.25±3.87). Measurements were also recorded at the left and right hip regions. The findings were descriptive and were not intended to establish population-level prevalence. Conclusions The demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the eight patients included in the study were assessed. The mean age was 52.65±7.95 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 31.59±6.32 kg/m². Of the participants, 5 (62.5%) were male and 3 (37.5%) were female. The mean BMI of the participants fell within the obesity category. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at the lumbar spine, both hips, and both forearms. The results showed variations in BMD measurements across the different anatomical sites examined. An analysis of the T-scores and Z-scores for each measurement site revealed a mean T-score of 0.35±1.49 and a mean Z-score of 0.97±1.36 at the lumbar spine. At the left hip, the mean T-score was −0.63±1.29 and the mean Z-score was 0.34±1.52, while at the right hip, the mean T-score was −0.63±1.15 and the mean Z-score was 0.31±1.09. The mean T-scores of the forearm were comparatively lower, at −1.29± 4.34 on the left side and −1.25±3.87 on the right side.

The Jerusalem Artichoke (JA) (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is an annual plant native to North America and widely distributed in Europe and Central Asia. The tuber of JA contains 80% water, 15% polysaccharide (Inulin etc.), 2% protein, and a small amount of starch and fat. Inulin is a polysaccharide that is widely used as a prebiotic, fat substitute, and sugar substitute. This substance has high biological activity and is contained in large quantities.
The purpose of this study was to standardize the quality and safety of dried tubers of JA. Standardization includes parameters such as microscopic analysis, identification, quantification, validation of methods following the guidelines issued by ICH guidelines, and quality, including safety analysis (appearance, moisture, mechanical impurities, heavy metals, microbiological purity).
The content of inulin was 64.17±1.25%. The mean relative standard deviation of method validation (RMS%) was 1.27%, 1.18%, 1.22%, and the relative mean standard deviation (RMS) of method precision was 1.94%. The specific absorbance was 307 nm. The correlation coefficient R2=0.9998 was obtained for the reference curve of the standard substance. The detection limit of the method was 2.64 μg/ml, and the detection limit was 7.99 μg/ml.
The method mentioned above has been confirmed to be suitable for the quantitative determination of inulin in the tuber of JA. Moreover, Microbiological purity and heavy metal requirements are met.

Background: The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to select salidroside in tablet formulation dietary supplements, raw material containing other components. Further, the proposed method was validated for linearity, precision (system precision, method precision, intermediate or inter-day precision), and accuracy, stability in analytical solution, syst em suitability, and ruggedness. The developed method exhibited the best results in terms of the validation above parameters. The other components and additives did not interfere with their determinations. The method was found to be selective, simple, economical, accurate, reproducible, rapid, and reliable for routine estimation purposes of salidroside in golden root dry extract. The goal of this study was to develop the validation method of salidroside in the dietary supplement. Material and Methods: The Rhodiola rosae L. dry extract was supplied Arshin Co.ltd in People’s Republic of China. The standard salidroside was supplied from Sigma Aldrich Co Ltd. We used solvents for HPLC grade (methanol, acetonitrile). Chromatographic conditions: A gradient HPLC (Shimadzu CBM20AD) with serial dual plunger pump; analytical column: Shimadzu GIST С18 150 x 4.6 mm, particle size 5 μm; flow rate: 1 ml/min; column temperature: 400C, detection: UV 275 nm. Chromatographic procedure: 20 μl of the mixed standard preparation and assay (sample) preparation were separately injected into the chromatography, the chromatograms were recorded, and the responses for the major peaks were measured. The run time was approximately 15 minutes. Results The calibration curves for the salidroside were made by plotting the peak area versus the concentration for each analyte using regression analysis. Each calibration curve was obtained using six levels of concentrations in the range of 100-800 µg/mL. The linear correlation coefficient (r2=1) for all calibration curves was higher than 1 for all analytes. The LOD and LOQ for salidroside were golden root dry extract in 8.788 µg/mL and 26.61 µg/mL, respectively. Accuracy and precision were assessed by analyzing five samples independently prepared at low, middle, and high concentrations. The RSD values of repeatability and intermediate precision were below 1.12%, 1.19 and 1.79%. The accuracy remains between 91 to 109%. The resulting accuracy data were satisfactory for the quantitative analysis of salidroside in golden root dry extract. This article presents a simple, accurate, reproducible, and thoroughly validated HPLC-based method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of salidroside, as part of the quality assessment of golden root dry extract.

Introduction: A joint research team of the Drug Research Institute аndMonos pharm Co.ltd is conducting an experiment to produce of “Darmon” tablets.Idridoids are one of the predominant biological active compound in “Darmon” tablets and will be an important indicator of the quality of the drug. Objectives: This is the first report on the determination of iridoids by spectrophotometric method in “Darmon” tablets. Methods: The amount of total iridoids of “Darmon” tablets was confirmed by spectrophotometry and the absorbance was measured at 238 nm. Geniposide (98%, Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd) was used as the standard substance. Results: The developed spectrophotometric method showed good linearity (R²=0.9989), high precision (RSD<2%) and a good recovery (96.01-104.48%). All the validation parameters of the spectrophotometric method were found to be within the permissible limits according to the ICH guidelines. Conclusions The method was robust, accurate and reliable for the quality control of “Darmon” tablets.

Introduction: Helianthus tuberosus L. is main source of inuline in pharmaceutical and food industry. Pharmacological studies of the plant have showed some important therapeutic properties such as anti-diabetic, anti-osteoporosis, anti-cancer and strengthening cardiovascular system, immune system. Material and method: Helianthus tuberosus L., which has been cultivated in Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants of Drug Research Institute, Monos Group, was used as a research raw material. The aerial and below ground parts of the plants were harvested in September 2020. The content of inulin, the main active ingredient in the plant, was determined by spectrophotometry. Raw materials of the plant were processed in several ways and prepared for further use as a pharmaceutical raw material. Result: Inulin content in Sample 1 was 34.5 ± 0.76%, Sample 2 was 70.31 ± 1.25%, Sample 3 was 78.43 ± 0.44% and Sample 4 was 75.36 ± 1.42%. The inulin content and yield were the highest in samples prepared by heat and cold cutting methods. Conclusion According to the results of appearance, yield, inulin content and moisture contents during the different processings of plant materials, it can be considered that the most suitable method for preparing Helianthus tuberosus L. as a pharmaceutical raw material is the cutting followed by freeze-drying.

Introduction: Astragalus is the largest member of the Fabaceae family of about 3,000 species on all continents except Australia, and the Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and the Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge are studied and widely used. Astragalus contains polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, amino acids and trace elements, so it has a variety of pharmacological effects and is active in supporting the immune system and protecting the liver, heart and kidneys. Objectives: A joint research team of the “Tsombo Pharm” Co., LTD and the Drug research Institute is conducting an experiment to produce an injectable solution from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge. The aim is to expand these previous studies to determine the main parameters of the “Монгол хунчир” injection drug technology. Methods: The quality of the injection was assessed by the following parameters. These include: appearance, color of the injection solution, mechanical mixture sensing method, solution filling volume method, solution environment potentiometry method, solution clarity comparison method, insoluble particle size microscopy method, heavy metal mixture atomic absorption spectroscopy method and calicosine-7-o-β-d-glycoside content was determined by HPLC. Results: According to the results of the study, the injectable drug was weak yellow, clear, free of mechanical impurities and heavy metal content, filling 2 ± 0.001 ml, pH 6.5, insoluble particle size greater than 10 μm, 3 particles per 1 ml, small particles larger than 25 μm were present in 1 ml. Calicosin-7-o-β-d-glycosides were identified in the “Монгол хунчир” injection as having the same standard and sample peak times, with the standard substance being detected at 9.003 minutes and the sample solution at 9.016 minutes (Picture 1, 2). In addition, the injection sample contained 0.0477 ± 0.0021 mg / g of calicosin-7-o-β-d-glycoside, and 0.0451-0.0551 mg / g was considered appropriate for further standardization. Conclusions The “Монгол хунчир” injection meets the general requirements for injection in accordance with the Mongolian National Pharmacopeia 2011. This shows that the technological parameters developed by our research team are appropriate.

Introduction: Coronavirus infection 2019 (Ковид-19) is an infection caused by a novel virus and induces severe ARDS. КОВИД-19 pandemic has rapidly spreaded in 221 countries, 245,373,039 cases and 4,979,421 mortalities have been reported. Pulmonary and renal thrombotic angiopathy occur in patients with complications of ARDS, sepsis, and multi-organ failure. Elevated D-dimer in КОВИД-19 patients has been reported firstly by doctors in Wuhan, China. In addition, many studies have revealed that elevated D-dimer has been associated with the severity of the diseases, an increased rate of poor prognosis. Objective: We aim to determine D-dimer in КОВИД-19 patients, and patient condition a decrease of D-dimer level after administration of anticoagulant therapy. Case report: We introduce a rare case of КОВИД-19. Laboratory test results and the effect of anticoagulant therapy have been evaluated during the infection. 85 aged women were admitted with a diagnosis other than КОВИД-19. PCR for SARS-Cov-2 was negative on the previous day of admission, and Sars-Cov-2 Ag rapid test was also negative on the admission day. However, the D-dimer test result was much higher with 7120 ng/мл and X-ray and CT revealed a similar pattern to the КОВИД-19 patient. Then anti-Sars-Cov-2 test was positive with 4,08 COI. Based on laboratory test results of D-dimer, LDH, CRP, and CT pattern the patient was diagnosed with post-КОВИД-19 pneumonia, and anticoagulant therapy was initiated additionally to prevent hypercoagulation induced by КОВИД-19. D-dimer test taken before administration of anticoagulant therapy increased more to 10910 ng/мл. 3 days later D-dimer level decreased to 8180ng/мл and the patient’s condition was improved. Conclusion The evaluation of D-dimer of the patients with КОВИД-19 is highly significant. Anticoagulant therapy might be necessary for КОВИД-19 patients with high D-dimer level in serum. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term outcome of the illness and mortality.

Introduction: Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside is a glycosyloxyisoflavone that is calycosin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position at 7 via a glycosidic linkage. calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, a calycosin derivative compound derived from Astragali Radix, has protective effect against ischemia/ reperfusion injury as well as bacterial endotoxin-induced vascular cell injury. A joint research team of the “Tsombo Pharm” Co., LTD and the Drug research Institute is conducting an experiment to produce a solution of “Astragalus mongholicus” injection prepared by Astragalus mongholicus bunge. Goal : The aim of this study was to develop the validation method of Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside in “Astragalus mongholicus” injection. Material and Methods: As a test sample “Astragalus mongholicus” injection was produced by “Tsombo pharma” Co., LTD. The starndard Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside was supplied from Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd. The reagent were high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade acetonitrile, formic acid, methanol and purified water. Shimadzu HPLC (CMB-20 A, UV detector Shimadzu SPD-20A was used as the analytical instrument and the analysis conditions were as follows Table 1. Results: The calibration curves for Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside were made by plotting the peak area versus the concentration for each analyte using regression analysis. Each calibration curve was obtained using six levels of concentrations in the range 12.5-100µg/ml. The linear correlation coefficient (R2) for all calibration curves was higher than 0.9981 for all analytes. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside were in 10.37 µg/ml and 31.45 µg/ml. Accuracy and precision were assessed by analyzing five sets of samples, independently prepared at low (50%) middle (100%) and high (150%) concentrations. The RSD values of both repeatability and intermediate precision were below 0.68% and 0.618% the accuracy remaining between 95.55 to 101.71%. The resulting accuracy data were satisfactory for the quantitative analysis of Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside in “Astragalus mongholicus” injection. Conclusions Finally, this method can be employed conveniently, reliably and successfully for the estimation of Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside for routine quality contral and stability studies in “Astragalus mongholicus” injection.

Introduction : The roots of Sophora Flavescentis is one of the key ingredient in Norbu 7 traditional medicine, the bioactive compound being quinolizidine alkaloids, matrine and oxymatrine. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to determine matrine, oxymatrine simultaneously in the traditional medicine. The HPLC method was tested and validated for selective determination of matrine and oxymatrine in the Norbu 7 granule. The proposed method was validated for linearity, precision (system precision, method precision, intermediate or inter- day precision) and accuracy, stability in analytical solution, system suitability and ruggedness. Goal: The goal of this study was to develop validated determination method of alkaloid in Norbu 7 granule for quality control. Material and Method: HPLC analysis was performed on Chromecore amino bonded silica gel as the stationary phase (250 mm : 4.6 mm i.d., 5µm) using mixture of acetonitrile, dehydrated ethanol and 3% phosphoric acid (80:10:10) as the mobile phase, 220 nm as the UV light detection.
The research methodology was approved by Research Ethic Review Committee of Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Science on 16th of November, 2020. Results: The calibration curve of oxymatrine showed good linearity (R2=0.9955) within the established range of 8 – 64 µg/ml. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 10.13 µg/ml and 30.71 µg/ ml respectively. Good results were achieved with repeatability (%RSD < 2.0) and recovery (93.08 – 104.32%). Conclusion The method was found to be selective, accurate, reproducible and the other components did not interfere with determinations. It was successfully used to analyze the granule traditional medicine with 7 different plant formulation and additives. The HPLC method can be used to evaluate and control quality, stability of Norbu 7 granules.

Introduction: Pyridoxine hydrochloride is least expensive supplement named as a vitamin 6¹. Pyridoxal kinase is the enzyme that produces pyridoxal phosphate which known as pyridoxine hydrochloride that occurs in the human body. Diabetes, age and neurodegenerative diseases complications can be reduced by pyridoxine hydrochloride^{2 3}. Quantification of pyridoxine hydrochloride in neurorubin as an injection form was developed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Further, the proposed method was validated for linearity, precision (system precision, method precision, intermediate or inter-day precision), and accuracy, stability in analytical solution, system suitability and roughness. The developed method exhibited the best results in terms of the aforesaid validation parameters. The method was found to be selective, simple, economical, accurate, reproducible, rapid and reliable for routine estimation purpose of pyridoxine hydrochloride in injection. Goal: The aim of this study was to develop the validation method of pyridoxine hydrochloride in injection. Material and Methods:
I) Test Article. As a test article neurorubin injection was produced by Tsombo Farm LLC. The standard pyridoxine hydrochloride was supplied from Sigma Aldrich Co.
II) Reagents and Equipment. The reagents were HPLC grade acetonitrile methanol, and purified water. Balance, and micropipette used as equipment. Shimadzu HPLC (LC20AD) was used as the analytical instrument and the analysis conditions were as follows (Table 1). Results The calibration curves for pyridoxine hydrochloride were made by plotting the peak area versus the concentration for each analyte using regression analysis. Each calibration curve was obtained using six levels of concentrations in the range 12.5-100 pg/mL. The linear correlation coefficient (R²) for all calibration curves was higher than 0.995 for all analytes. The LOD and LOQ for pyridoxine hydrochloride were in 15.29 pg/mL and 46.33 pg/mL, respectively.
Accuracy and precision were assessed by analyzing five sets of samples, independently prepared at low, middle and high concentrations. The RSD values of both repeatability and intermediate precision were below 1.669 % and 1.678 % the accuracy remaining between 95.25 to 102.775 %. The resulting accuracy data were satisfactory for the quantitative analysis of pyridoxine hydrochloride in neurorubin injection.
The results of summarized in table 2, 3, 4. This article presents a simple, accurate, reproducible, and thoroughly validated HPLC-based method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of pyridoxine hydrochloride, as part of the quality assessment of products containing in injection.