Objective To investigate the expression of transcription factor forkhead box protein O(FOXO)genes in gastric cancer tissues and their correlation and clinical significance with Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection.Methods The expression levels of FOXOs genes(including FOXO1,FOXO3,FOXO4,and FOXO6)were detected by immunohistochemistry in cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues from 41 gastric cancer patients with Hp(-)and 29 gastric cancer patients with Hp(+),as well as in gastric tissues from 30 healthy individuals.The correlation between FOXOs expression and Hp infection,clinical pathological features was analyzed.The relationship between FOXOs expression and survival prognosis of gastric cancer patients was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier plotter.Results Compared with those in the Hp(-)gastric cancer tissues,the expression levels of FOXO1,FOXO4,and FOXO6 were higher in the Hp(+)gastric cancer tissues(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the expression levels of FOXO1,FOXO3,and FOXO4 in the Hp(+)gastric cancer tissues were lower than that in the paracancerous tissues(P<0.05)and normal tissues(P<0.0001).The expression of FOXOs in gastric cancer tissues was closely correlated with the degree of differentiation,depth of infiltration,lymph node metastasis,and TNM stage of gastric cancer(P<0.05).Meanwhile,FOXO1/3 was associated with the survival prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.Conclusion Hp infection promotes the expression of FOXO1/4/6 in gastric cancer tissues.The high expression of tumor suppressor genes FOXO1/4 may be one of the reasons for better prognosis in Hp(+)gastric cancer patients.FOXOs genes are widely involved in regulating the disease progression of gastric cancer,which has certain value for disease treatment.

Exosomes are lipid bilayer structures containing various bioactive molecules that can be secreted by almost all cells.However,exosomes released by different types of cells perform differ-ent biological functions,and have been confirmed to participate in physiological processes such as immune response,antigen presentation,cell migration and differentiation,and hair growth through ligand receptor binding.Recent research reports have shown that exosomes can also be secreted from the fetus and placenta,playing an important role in embryo implantation and development,as well as in the treatment of animal pregnancy diseases.In order to offer recommendations for endan-gered and unique economic animals in the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy and pregnancy-re-lated illnesses,this paper reviewed the most recent developments and innovative theories about the use of extracellular vesicles in pregnancy.

【Objective】 To investigate the correlation of monocytes and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(MHR) and albumin with the severity of coronary artery lesions in patients with unstable angina pectoris. 【Methods】 We enrolled 342 patients with unstable angina pectoris. According to the Gensini score of their coronary angiography results, they were divided into Gensini≤ 20 group, 2040 group. The differences in biochemical indicators between the groups were compared, and the correlation between the different indicators and the Gensini score was analyzed. According to the MHR quartile grouping, there were differences between the comparison groups. LDL-C was divided into subgroups and then subjected to multifactor Logistic regression analysis. 【Results】 MHR differed significantly among low, moderate and high grade lesions (P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that in low LDL-C group, Gensini score was positively correlated with MHR(P<0.05), while in high LDL-C group, Gensini score was negatively correlated with albumin(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the MHR level of patients with high Gensini score was 102.375 times higher than that of patients with low Gensini score(P<0.05). In the group with high LDL-C, the serum albumin level in the group with low Gensini score was 1.431 times that in the group with high Gensini score and 1.218 times that in the group with moderate Gensini score(all P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 In patients with unstable angina pectoris, especially when LDL-C levels are not high, both high MHR and low serum albumin are independent risk factors for the severity of coronary artery disease.

The design of wall filter in ultrasonic microvascular imaging directly affects the resolution of blood flow imaging. We compared the traditional polynomial regression wall filter algorithm and two algorithms based on singular value decomposition (SVD), Full-SVD algorithm and RS-RSVD algorithm (random sampling based on random singular value decomposition) through experiments with simulated data and human renal entity data imaging experiments. The experimental results showed that the filtering effect of the traditional polynomial regression wall filter algorithm was limited, however, Full-SVD algorithm and RS-RSVD algorithm could better extract the micro blood flow signal from the tissue or noise signal. When RS-RSVD algorithm was randomly divided into 16 blocks, the signal-to-noise ratio was the same as that of Full-SVD algorithm, reduces the contrast-to-noise ratio by 2.05 dB, and reduces the execution time by 90.41%. RS-RSVD algorithm can improve the operation efficiency and is more conducive to the real-time imaging of high frame rate ultrasound microvessels.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Microvessels/diagnostic imaging* ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography/methods*

Objective:To develop an in vitro neuroinflammation model by establishing a microglia-neuron co-culture system. Methods:Mouse microglia (BV-2), motor neurons (NSC34) and hippocampal neurons (HT-22) were selected.This experiment was performed in two parts.Experiment Ⅰ BV-2 microglia were stimulated with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10, 100, 500 and 1 000 ng/ml). Microglia culture supernatant(Conditioned Medium) was extracted and two types of neurons were cultured separately.The concentration of LPS that resulted in a significant 50% decrease in neuronal viability was selected using the CCK-8 method for establishment of the Transwell co-culture system.Experiment Ⅱ Microglia were cultured in the upper chamber of Transwell, and neurons were seeded in the lower chamber.Microglia were divided into 2 groups ( n=12 each) using the random number table method: control group and LPS group.In control group and LPS group, microglia were cultured for 6 h with cell culture medium and LPS, respectively, then the medium was replaced with fresh medium, microglia were continuously incubated for 12 h, and then the cells in the upper and lower chambers were combined.The cells were incubated using the BV-2-NSC34 Transwell co-culture system for 12 h and using the BV-2-HT-22 Transwell co-culture system for 24 h. The concentrations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-18 in neuronal culture supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the apoptotic rate of neurons was determined by flow cytometry, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA in neurons was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax in neurons was detected by Western blot. Results:Experiment Ⅰ LPS concentration for stimulation was 10 ng/ml in BV-2-NSC34 Transwell co-culture system and 1, 000 ng/ml in BV-2-HT-22 Transwell co-culture system.Experiment Ⅱ Compared with control group, the concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 and apoptotic rate of neurons were significantly increased, Bax protein and mRNA expression was up-regulated, Bcl-2 protein and mRNA expression was down-regulated, and cleaved caspase-3 expression was up-regulated in LPS group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions:The microglia-neuron co-culture system is successfully established by the conditioned medium technique and Transwell co-culture system, which provides an experimental protocol for establishment of neuroinflammation models associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Objective:To detect the expression of microchromosome maintenance protein 4 (MCM4) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and to explore the clinical prognosis of MCM4 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. To explore the possibility of MCM4 as a potential biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Methods:The mRNA level of MCM4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and normal tissues adjacent to the cancer was analyzed by bioinformatics methods, and the relationship between its expression and the survival rate of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was analyzed. The clinicopathological data of 76 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression level of MCM4 protein in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue and normal tissues adjacent to the cancer, and to analyze its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Results:The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that MCM4 mRNA was significantly highly expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue, and was significantly correlated with the overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate of patients (all P<0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of MCM4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue was significantly higher than that in normal tissues adjacent to the cancer. The high expression of MCM4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue was related to tumor size ( P=0.038), but not related to age, gender, and tumor grade (all P>0.05). Conclusions:MCM4 is highly expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues and indicates a poor prognosis, and its expression level is related to the tumor stage of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. MCM4 may serve as a new potential biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Objective:To detect the expression of replication factor C4(RFC4) in pancreatic ductal adeno-carcinoma, and to explore the clinical prognosis of RFC4 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. To explore the possibility of RFC4 as a potential biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Methods:The mRNA level of RFC4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and normal tissues adjacent to the cancer was analyzed by bioinformatics methods, and the relationship between its expression and the survival rate of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was analyzed. The clinicopathological data of 76 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression level of RFC4 protein in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue and normal tissues adjacent to the cancer, and to analyze its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Results:The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that RFC4 mRNA was significantly highly expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue, and was significantly correlated with the overall survival rate ( P=0.046) and disease-free survival rate ( P=0.042) of the patients. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of RFC4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue was significantly higher than that in normal tissues adjacent to the cancer. The high expression of RFC4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue was related to tumor size ( P=0.043), but not related to age, gender, and tumor grade (all P>0.05). Conclusions:RFC4 is highly expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues and indicates a poor prognosis, and its expression level is related to the tumor stage of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. RFC4 may serve as a new prognostic predictor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Objective:To evaluate the intestinal function in rats with exertional heat stroke (EHS) and explore the protective role of Ruifuping pectin (RFP) against heat related intestinal mucosal injury.Methods:One hundred and twenty healthy special pathogen free (SPF) male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normothermic control group, EHS model group, hyperthermic plus drinking water group (H 2O+EHS group) and hyperthermic plus pectin group (RFP+EHS group) with 30 rats in each group. The rats in the H 2O+EHS group and RFP+EHS group were given water 20 mL/kg or RFP 20 mL/kg orally for 5 days during adaptive training period. After 1 week, the temperature control range was adjusted to (37±1)℃ using the temperature control treadmill, and the rat model of EHS was reproduced by one-time high temperature exhaustive exercise. No rehydration intervention was given during the training adaptation period in the EHS model group. The rats in the normothermic control group were maintained to room temperature (25±2)℃ and humidity (55±5)% without other treatment. Behavior tests including withdraw response, righting, and muscle strength were performed immediately after onset of EHS. Blood of inferior vena cava was collected, and the serum inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10)] and activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The intestinal mucosa was collected, after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Chiu score was performed to assess EHS induced pathological changes under light microscope. Results:The rats in the EHS model group had behavioral, inflammatory and pathological changes, such as delayed withdraw response and righting, decreased forelimb pulling, increased inflammatory index, and obvious intestinal mucosal injury, which indicated that the reproduction of the EHS model was successful. There was no significant difference in above parameters between the H 2O+EHS group and the EHS model group except that the inflammatory index in the RFP+EHS group was improved. Compared with the EHS model group, the withdraw reflex to pain and righting after RFP pretreatment in the RFP+EHS group were significantly improved (righting score: 1.4±0.2 vs. 0.3±0.2, withdraw reflex to pain score: 1.0±0.1 vs. 0.2±0.1, both P < 0.05), the muscle strength was significantly increased (N: 13.0±0.5 vs. 8.2±0.6, P < 0.01). The levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the RFP+EHS group were significantly lower than those in the EHS model group [TNF-α (ng/L): 67.5±9.2 vs. 194.3±13.7, IL-6 (ng/L): 360.0±54.1 vs. 981.2±84.4, IL-1β (ng/L): 33.7±9.0 vs. 88.7±6.1, all P < 0.01], while the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was higher than that in the EHS model group (ng/L: 208.7±10.5 vs. 103.7±7.0, P < 0.01). The degree of intestinal mucosal injury in the RFP+EHS group was less severe than that in the EHS model group, and the Chiu score and DAO were significantly lower than those in the EHS model group [Chiu score: 1.5±0.2 vs. 3.8±0.0, DAO (U/L): 83.7±6.7 vs. 128.7±10.5, both P < 0.05]. Conclusions:High temperature training can damage the intestinal barrier function, and induce endotoxemia and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in rats. Oral prophylactic RFP can protect the intestinal barrier function, alleviate SIRS, and promote the recovery of basic nerve reflex and muscle strength after the occurrence of EHS in rats.

Brachythrapy is a technique to implant radioactive isotype into or near tumors.The obvious properties of brachytherapy are a very high dose distribution of center,and rapid dose attenuation with the increasing of distance.Brachytherapy generally includes three major categories:low dose rate,high dose rate and pulse dose rate.The most significant clinical value of brachytherapy is that it could create dose distribution to tumor tissues,but decreased radiation injury of normal tissues close to tumor.The development of the clinical brachytherapy technique is always involved in the radiobiological characteristics.The basic concepts involving clinical brachytherapy radiobiology mainly includes:dose-rate effect,repair of radiation injury,re-oxygenation,cell cycle redistribution and repopulation.An amount of translational medical approach is needed to guide the application of clinical brachytherapy by exploring the interaction between brachytherapy radiobiology and clinical brachytherapy effect,as well as taking advantage of brachytherapy radiobiological characteristics.The ultimate goal is to improve tumor local control rate,reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions,and improve patients' overall survival.

Exploiting cells as vehicles combined with nanoparticles combined with therapy has attracted increasing attention in the world recently. Red blood cells, leukocytes and stem cells have been used for tumor immunotherapy, tissue regeneration and inflammatory disorders, and it is known that neutrophils can accumulate in brain lesions in many brain diseases including depression. -Acetyl Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) peptide shows high specific binding affinity to neutrophils through the CXCR2 receptor. In this study, PGP was used to modify baicalein-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PGP-SLNs) to facilitate binding to neutrophils . Brain-targeted delivery to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) was demonstrated by enhanced concentration of baicalein in the BLA. An enhanced anti-depressant effect was observed and The mechanism involved inhibition of apoptosis and a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase release. Behavioral evaluation carried out with rats demonstrated that anti-depression outcomes were achieved. The results indicate that PGP-SLNs decrease immobility time, increase swimming time and climbing time and attenuate locomotion in olfactory-bulbectomized (OB) rats. In conclusion, PGP modification is a strategy for targeting the brain with a cell-nanoparticle delivery system for depression therapy.