N,N-Dimethylglycine (DMG) is a glycine derivative, and its sodium salt (DMG-Na) has been demonstrated to possess various biological activities, including immunomodulation, free radical scavenging, and antioxidation, collectively contributing to the stability of tissue and cellular functions. However, its direct effects and underlying mechanisms in wound healing remain unclear. In this study, a full-thickness excisional wound model was established on the dorsal skin of mice, and wounds were treated locally with DMG-Na. Wound healing progression was assessed by calculating wound closure rates. Histopathological analysis was conducted using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and keratinocyte proliferation, migration, and differentiation were evaluated using CCK-8 assays, scratch wound assays, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Inflammation-related cytokine expression in keratinocytes was analyzed via ELISA and qRT-PCR. Results revealed that DMG-Na treatment significantly accelerated wound healing in mice and improved overall wound closure quality. The wound healing rates on days 3, 6, and 9 were 49.18%, 68.87%, and 90.55%, respectively, with statistically significant differences compared to the control group ( P<0.05). DMG-Na treatment downregulated the mRNA levels of keratinocyte differentiation markers while enhancing cell proliferation and migration ( P<0.05). Furthermore, DMG-Na decreased the secretion of LPS-induced keratinocyte inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and CXCL10 ( P<0.05). These findings indicate that DMG-Na regulates inflammatory responses and promotes keratinocyte proliferation and migration, thereby facilitating the healing of skin wounds.
Animals ; Wound Healing/drug effects* ; Mice ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Keratinocytes/drug effects* ; Cell Movement/drug effects* ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects* ; Glycine/pharmacology* ; Skin/injuries* ; Male

Objective:To establish and optimize a novel method, focus forming assay (FFA), for quantitation of influenza A virus (FluA) and compare its application performance with traditional plague forming assay (PFA).Methods:The foci chromogenic effects of three peroxidase substrates in immunostaining were compared. The PFA and FFA methods were used to explore FluA incubation times and plaque morphology on 12-well plates, and to determine optimal incubation times and virus adsorption volumes for different FluA subtypes on 96-well plates. The correlation between FFA and PFA was evaluated, and the optimized FFA was applied to the in vitro antiviral efficacy analysis of Favipiravir and neutralization test against different subtypes of FluA. Results:TRUEBLUE substrate was identified as the optimal substrate for foci visualization. Compared with the PFA, the FFA showed improved sensitivity and reduced detection time in FluA titration, and good correlation was shown between the two methods′ results. By replacing the 96-well plate with the 12-well plate for FFA titration of different subtypes of FluA, the detection time was shortened, and the amount of serum samples used could be further reduced by optimizing the virus adsorption volume. The half-maximal effective concentration of favipiravir against influenza viruses assessed by the FFA and PFA methods showed no significant difference, and was consistent with the results obtained from quantitative PCR. Additionally, the focus reduction neutralization test and hemagglutination inhibition assays demonstrated strong correlation in determining antibody titers against FluA in serum neutralization assays.Conclusions:The improved FFA method developed here provides a more efficient experimental tool for FluA titration, antiviral drug screening and broad-spectrum vaccine evaluation.

Objective:To investigate the differences in resistance to chemical disinfectants between bacteriophage Phi-X174 and disinfection effect indicator microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methods:Three commonly used disinfectants, including chlorine-containing disinfectants, alcohol-based disinfectants and quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants, were selected to analyze the differences in resistance of phage Phi-X174, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by using the quantitative sterilization test of suspension. Results:The 250 mg/L sodium dichloroisocyanurate solution treated for 10 minutes yielded log reduction values of 3.39, 7.25 and 7.37 against phage Phi-X174, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively. The 40% ethanol for 1 minute yielded log reduction values of 0.03, 2.46 and 7.30 against phage Phi-X174, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. The 100 mg/L benzalkonium chloride for 10 minutes yielded log reduction values of 1.41, 6.84 and 0.93 for phage Phi-X174, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Conclusion:Phage Phi-X174 has stronger resistance to chlorine-containing disinfectants and alcohol-based disinfectants than Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Its resistance to quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants is between that of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Purpose To evaluate the value of tumors invasion in the central airway(TICA)in predicting the severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis(S-CIP)in lung cancer patients using propensity score matching(PSM).Materials and Methods The intact data of 162 consecutive lung cancer patients who received treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital from September 2019 to March 2022 were retrospectively collected.Patients were divided into S-CIP group(23 cases)and non-S-CIP group(139 cases)according to the presence of S-CIP.The demographic information of the patients,including gender,age,history of smoking,thoracic radiotherapy histology,baseline lung diseases,classification,TNM stage,tumor location as well as TICA were collected.A binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the confounding factors and independent risk factors of S-CIP and to predict the development of S-CIP.A 1:1 matching was performed by the nearest neighbor method for PSM.The PSM was used to pair the two groups,and the value of TICA in predicting S-CIP before and after PSM was compared.The receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve were used for model performance based on TICA.Results Before PSM,the proportion of baseline lung diseases(78.3%vs.32.4%,OR=6.802,P=0.001),thoracic radiotherapy history(69.6%vs.30.2%,OR=5.300,P=0.002)and TICA(65.2%vs.27.3%,OR=5.882,P=0.001)in the S-CIP group was higher than those in the non-S-CIP group,and were independent risk factor for predicting S-CIP.After PSM,20 patients were included in each group.The presence of TICA was higher in S-CIP group than that in the non-S-CIP group(60.0%vs.20.0%,OR=6.000,P=0.013).The area under the curves of Logistic regression model based on TICA was 0.700(95%CI 0.534-0.866).Conclusion TICA is an independent risk factor for development of S-CIP,which has moderate degree of accuracy in predicting S-CIP,can be used for risk prediction and early intervention to reduce the poor prognosis of S-CIP patients.

Objective:To investigate the differences in resistance to chemical disinfectants between bacteriophage Phi-X174 and disinfection effect indicator microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methods:Three commonly used disinfectants, including chlorine-containing disinfectants, alcohol-based disinfectants and quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants, were selected to analyze the differences in resistance of phage Phi-X174, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by using the quantitative sterilization test of suspension. Results:The 250 mg/L sodium dichloroisocyanurate solution treated for 10 minutes yielded log reduction values of 3.39, 7.25 and 7.37 against phage Phi-X174, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively. The 40% ethanol for 1 minute yielded log reduction values of 0.03, 2.46 and 7.30 against phage Phi-X174, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. The 100 mg/L benzalkonium chloride for 10 minutes yielded log reduction values of 1.41, 6.84 and 0.93 for phage Phi-X174, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Conclusion:Phage Phi-X174 has stronger resistance to chlorine-containing disinfectants and alcohol-based disinfectants than Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Its resistance to quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants is between that of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Purpose To evaluate the value of tumors invasion in the central airway(TICA)in predicting the severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis(S-CIP)in lung cancer patients using propensity score matching(PSM).Materials and Methods The intact data of 162 consecutive lung cancer patients who received treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital from September 2019 to March 2022 were retrospectively collected.Patients were divided into S-CIP group(23 cases)and non-S-CIP group(139 cases)according to the presence of S-CIP.The demographic information of the patients,including gender,age,history of smoking,thoracic radiotherapy histology,baseline lung diseases,classification,TNM stage,tumor location as well as TICA were collected.A binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the confounding factors and independent risk factors of S-CIP and to predict the development of S-CIP.A 1:1 matching was performed by the nearest neighbor method for PSM.The PSM was used to pair the two groups,and the value of TICA in predicting S-CIP before and after PSM was compared.The receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve were used for model performance based on TICA.Results Before PSM,the proportion of baseline lung diseases(78.3%vs.32.4%,OR=6.802,P=0.001),thoracic radiotherapy history(69.6%vs.30.2%,OR=5.300,P=0.002)and TICA(65.2%vs.27.3%,OR=5.882,P=0.001)in the S-CIP group was higher than those in the non-S-CIP group,and were independent risk factor for predicting S-CIP.After PSM,20 patients were included in each group.The presence of TICA was higher in S-CIP group than that in the non-S-CIP group(60.0%vs.20.0%,OR=6.000,P=0.013).The area under the curves of Logistic regression model based on TICA was 0.700(95%CI 0.534-0.866).Conclusion TICA is an independent risk factor for development of S-CIP,which has moderate degree of accuracy in predicting S-CIP,can be used for risk prediction and early intervention to reduce the poor prognosis of S-CIP patients.

Objective:To establish and optimize a novel method, focus forming assay (FFA), for quantitation of influenza A virus (FluA) and compare its application performance with traditional plague forming assay (PFA).Methods:The foci chromogenic effects of three peroxidase substrates in immunostaining were compared. The PFA and FFA methods were used to explore FluA incubation times and plaque morphology on 12-well plates, and to determine optimal incubation times and virus adsorption volumes for different FluA subtypes on 96-well plates. The correlation between FFA and PFA was evaluated, and the optimized FFA was applied to the in vitro antiviral efficacy analysis of Favipiravir and neutralization test against different subtypes of FluA. Results:TRUEBLUE substrate was identified as the optimal substrate for foci visualization. Compared with the PFA, the FFA showed improved sensitivity and reduced detection time in FluA titration, and good correlation was shown between the two methods′ results. By replacing the 96-well plate with the 12-well plate for FFA titration of different subtypes of FluA, the detection time was shortened, and the amount of serum samples used could be further reduced by optimizing the virus adsorption volume. The half-maximal effective concentration of favipiravir against influenza viruses assessed by the FFA and PFA methods showed no significant difference, and was consistent with the results obtained from quantitative PCR. Additionally, the focus reduction neutralization test and hemagglutination inhibition assays demonstrated strong correlation in determining antibody titers against FluA in serum neutralization assays.Conclusions:The improved FFA method developed here provides a more efficient experimental tool for FluA titration, antiviral drug screening and broad-spectrum vaccine evaluation.

Objective:To accurately ascertain the whole genome sequencing and the composition of open reading frames (ORFs) of non-replicating Tiantan strain of vaccinia virus (NTV) using next-generation long-read sequencing technology.Methods:NTV, obtained from our laboratory stock, was amplified and purified on chicken embryo fibroblast cells(CEFs), and the full-length genomic nucleic acid of NTV was extracted. The PacBio HiFi sequencing platform was utilized for de novo assembly to obtain the complete genomic sequence of NTV. Using a homology annotation strategy, we identified its ORF composition and compared it with known non-replicating vaccinia virus strains. Results:The total length of NTV′s genome was 171 729 bp, with a GC content of 33%. Its unique inverted terminal repeat (ITR) region comprised hairpin structures, two tandem repeat regions, and three non-repeat regions. NTV contained 166 ORFs, with major differences observed in the ITR and its surrounding regions when compared to MVA-BN and NYVAC. These three strains shared a common set of 138 ORFs. NTV encoded six unique ORFs related to virus evasion of host antiviral response.Conclusions:This study accurately determines the whole genome sequencing and ORFs composition of NTV, and reveals its similarities and differences with other replication-deficient vaccinia virus strains, which pave a way for the development and application of the next generation of monkeypox vaccines and novel viral vectors.

Purpose To observe the clinical and CT features of severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis(CIP)in lung cancer patients.Materials and Methods A total of 174 patients with lung cancer who received immune checkpoint inhibitor(PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors)in Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital from September 1,2019 to March 31,2022 were retrospectively collected.Clinical and imaging features of patients with severe CIP were analyzed.Results There were 23 patients who met the diagnostic criteria of severe CIP.Among them,22 were male patients,15 were younger(＜65 years old),17 had a history of underlying lung disease,16 had a history of chemoradiotherapy and other treatments,and 21 had a history of combined radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy.The median time from the initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitor to CIP was 128(74,348)days.19 patients were non-small cell carcinoma.CIP occurred in 16 patients with right lung cancer,15 had tumor central airway invasion,14 had radiographic features of diffuse alveolar injury/acute interstitial pneumonia pattern,and 20 died during follow-up.Conclusion Severe CIP is likely to occur in male lung cancer patients with a history of basic medical history and radiotherapy and chemotherapy.The clinical manifestations are varied,and the main imaging features are diffuse alveolar injury/acute interstitial pneumonia pattern,and the prognosis is poor.

Objective To establish a differential model of phlegm and blood stasis pattern and qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern in stable angina pectoris using radiomics.Methods A total of 91 patients with stable angina pectoris who underwent coronary artery CT angiography in Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to January 2022 were collected,including 47 cases of phlegm and blood stasis pattern and 44 cases of qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern.The patients were divided into train set(64 cases)and test set(27 cases)according to the ratio of 7∶3 by stratified random sampling method.3D-slicer software was used to extract the radiomics features of pericoronary adipose tissue(PCAT)images.Principal component analysis was used to visualize the distribution of radiomics features of pattern of phlegm and blood stasis and pattern of qi deficiency and blood stasis.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis and support vector machine decreasing feature elimination were used for feature selection.The multinomial logistics regression was used for model construction.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to verify the model in the train set and the test set to evaluate the effectiveness of the radiomics features in differentiating phlegm and blood stasis pattern and qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern.Finally,Spearman coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the differential features and clinical physicochemical data.Results A total of 837 radiomics features were extracted from PCAT images by 3D-slicer software.In the principal component analysis,PC1 and PC2 explained 77.9%and 8.1%of the total variance,respectively,and there was a relatively obvious separation trend between the two pattern groups.After feature screening,7 radiomics features were used to construct the differential model of phlegm and blood stasis pattern and qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern.The area under the ROC curve(AUC)of the differential model was 0.844 in the train set and 0.834 in the test set.Spearman correlation analysis showed that the differential features were significantly correlated with cTnI,neutrophil,triglyceride,total cholesterol,and leukocyte.Conclusion The CT radiomics model based on PCAT has a high discrimination efficiency for stable angina pectoris with phlegm and blood stasis pattern and qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern.