ObjectiveTo compare the mosquito capture efficacy of the BG-trap method and the light trap method, and to explore the precisely applicable scenarios for the two monitoring approaches. MethodsFrom May to October 2024, one BG-trap and one light trap were placed at eight monitoring sites, with a distance of over 10 meters between the two traps at each site. Surveillance was performed twice monthly to compare the two surveillance methods in terms of mosquito species composition, the proportional distribution of female mosquitoes across different habitats, and seasonal fluctuations in mosquito density. ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in mosquito species composition (χ²=60.61, P<0.001) and female mosquito species composition (χ²=37.12, P<0.001) between the BG-trap method and the light trap method, with the BG-trap method capturing a higher proportion of Aedes albopictus than the light trap method. The average density of mosquitoes monitored by the BG-trap method [13.36 mosquitoes·(trap·night)^-1] was higher than that monitored by the light trap method[4.70 mosquitoes·(trap·night)^-1]. There was statistically significant difference (t=6.70, P<0.001) for the mosquito density between the two methods, and there was a significant positive correlation (r=0.909, P<0.001) for the mosquito density indices between the two methods. The average density of female mosquitoes monitored by the BG-trap method [8.18 mosquitoes·(trap·night)^-1] was higher than that monitored by light trap method [3.36 mosquitoes·(trap·night)^-1]. There was statistically significant difference (t=6.00, P<0.001) for the female mosquito density between the two methods, and there was a significant positive correlation (r=0.929, P<0.001) for the female mosquito density indices between the two methods. In the four different habitats, the constituent ratio of mosquitoes and female mosquitoes monitored by the BG-trap method in descending order were urban residential area (43.80% and 40.25%), rural farm households (35.55% and 38.60%), hospital (12.70% and 12.87%), and park (7.95% and 8.28%), while the constituent ratio of mosquitoes and female mosquitoes monitored by the light trap method in descending order were rural farm households (34.37% and 43.34%), hospital (33.26% and 30.03%), park (17.96% and 15.17%), and urban residential area (14.41% and 11.46%). In different habitats, there were statistically significant differences for mosquito composition ratios (χ²=189.64, P<0.001) and female mosquito composition ratios (χ²=109.15, P<0.001) between the two monitoring methods. ConclusionThe BG-trap method offers advantages such as simple operation, compact equipment, and high efficiency, with a higher trapping rate for Aedes albopictus compared to the light trap method. In routine monitoring, the BG-trap method can serve as a supplement to the light trap method, while for emergency monitoring of Aedes albopictus in dengue fever outbreak areas and mosquito collection efforts, the BG-trap method is more effective than the light trap method.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Tangshen Dihuang decoction in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） with liver-kidney Yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and its impact on gut microbiota. MethodsA randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted， in which 102 DKD patients with liver-kidney Yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were randomly assigned to the Tangshen Dihuang decoction group and the control group. Each group consisted of 51 cases， and the treatment period was 3 months. The primary efficacy indicators included urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio （UACR）， fasting blood glucose （FBG）， 2-hour postprandial blood glucose （2 hPBG）， glycated hemoglobin （HbA₁C）， serum creatinine （SCr）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， angiotensinⅡ （AngⅡ）， serum cystatin C （Cys-C）， urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase （NAG）， urinary β₂-microglobulin （Uβ₂-MB）， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom scores， and gut microbiota. ResultsAfter treatment， the total response rate in the Tangshen Dihuang decoction was 87.23% （41/47）， which was higher than that （69.57%， 32/46） in the control group （Z=4.30， P<0.05）. After treatment， the TCM symptom scores decreased in both groups （P<0.01） and were lower in the Tangshen Dihuang decoction group than in the control group （P<0.01）. After treatment， the control group showed decreases in UACR， Uβ₂-MG， AngⅡ， and FBG （P<0.05） as well as 2 hPBG and HbA₁C （P<0.01）， and no significant differences in BUN， Cys-C， eGFR， SCr， and NAG. The Tangshen Dihuang decoction group showed increased eGFR （P<0.05）， declined levels of UACR， BUN， Cys-C， Uβ₂-MB， AngⅡ， FBG， 2 hPBG， NAG， and HbA₁C （P<0.01）， and no significant difference in SCr. The Tangshen Dihuang decoction group had lower BUN （P<0.05）， Cys-C （P<0.05）， AngⅡ （P<0.05）， 2 hPBG （P<0.05）， Uβ₂-MG （P<0.01）， and NAG （P<0.01） and higher eGFR level （P<0.05） than the control group. After treatment， the control group showed declines in Shannon， Observed_species， and Chao1 indices （P<0.05）. The samples from both groups showed statistically significant differences in the principal coordinates analysis （PCoA） plot based on Anosim analysis （P<0.05）. After treatment， the Tangshen Dihuang decoction group showed decreased relative abundance of Actinobacteria （P<0.05）. Moreover， the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly lower in the Tangshen Dihuang decoction group than in the control group （P<0.05）. At the genus level， the control group showed decreased relative abundance of Bifidobacterium （P<0.05）， and the Tangshen Dihuang decoction group presented increased relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Blautia_A （P<0.05）. After treatment， the Tangshen Dihuang decoction group had higher relative abundance of Bifidobacterium than the control group （P<0.01）. ConclusionTangshen Dihuang decoction has a significant therapeutic effect on DKD patients with liver-kidney Yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. It can markedly relieve clinical symptoms and reduce proteinuria and postprandial blood glucose by antagonizing the local renin-angiotensin system （RAS） and alleviating gut microbiota dysbiosis.

Objective: To propose an improved method for constructing the internal quality control (IQC) framework for ELISA assays and validate its efficacy by statistically analyzing IQC data from nine blood center laboratories. Methods: 1) IQC data was collected from nine blood centers and analyzed using a domestic HBsAg ELISA detection kit as an example. 2) Differences between IQC values across batches within Blood Center 1 were assessed. 3) Statistical analyses were performed on batch usage, number of batches used, days of use, number of QC points, batch-specific means, and coefficients of variation (CV) across all nine centers. 4) Using the improved construction method for IQC framework, provisional and permanent frames were established for batches within Blood Center 1 and Blood Center 9, followed by outlier determination. Results: 1) Statistically significant differences were observed in IQC data between batches within Blood Center 1 (P<0.01). It is recommended that both the control material/reagents and the control chart framework be replaced simultaneously. 2) There were substantial differences among 9 blood centers regarding the control material/reagent lot numbers used, the number of QC runs per batch, and the QC values for identical lots. Therefore, individual laboratories should establish their own IQC chart frameworks. 3) The improved IQC framework construction method for ELISA assays is as follows: provisional frames are established via frame-shifting, using the pre-experimental mean and cumulative coefficient of variation (CV) from the preceding batch. For batches used >20 days with >20 QC points, permanent frames are constructed by aggregating in-control data accumulated over ≥20 days with ≥20 points to calculate cumulative mean and standard deviation. The provisional and permanent frames constructed by this method identified all 26 extreme outliers across Blood Centers 1 and 9 as out-of-control. Among the 218 general outliers, 10 were classified as normal by the provisional frames, while the remainder were designated as warnings or out-of-control. This method effectively monitors assay stability. Conclusion: Based on the statistical analysis of IQC practices across blood centers of varying scales, combined with the inherent characteristics of ELISA assays and the batch-to-batch instability of reagents/QC materials, it is recommended to reconstruct QC charts upon lot changes. The proposed method—utilizing frame-shifting for provisional frames and establishing permanent frames based on cumulative data—is applicable to blood center laboratories of differing sizes and effectively monitors the stability of the ELISA assay process.

Objective To investigate the changes in the density of Aedes albopictus across different regions and different breeding habitats in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2018 to 2024, so as to inform evidence-based control strategies for mosquito-borne infectious diseases in Shanghai Municipality. Methods Ae. albopictus surveillance sites were deployed in 12 subdistricts (towns) of Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2018 to 2024, and the surveillance on the density of Ae. albopictus was performed in each surveillance site once weekly during the peak activity period of Aedes mosquitoes from May to October each year from 2018 to 2024. Mosquito ovitraps were deployed in various breeding habitats in each surveillance site according to geographical locations, including residential areas, schools, government institutions, hospitals, recycling stations, and construction sites, and regularly collected, and the mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) was calculated. The changes in the Ae. albopictus density were analyzed based on MOI across years, regions, and breeding habitats. Additionally, from May to October each year between 2018 and 2024, monthly risk assessments of Aedes albopictus density were conducted in every subdistrict (town) of Baoshan District, Shanghai. Results The annual mean MOI values of Ae. albopictus were 5.88 ± 2.29, 8.19 ± 4.46, 7.43 ± 3.40, 5.44 ± 2.52, 3.97 ± 2.72, 3.82 ± 1.57, and 2.56 ± 1.11 in Baoshan District from 2018 to 2024, respectively (F = 75.886, P < 0.05), and the MOI appeared a rise followed by a reduction each year and peaked during the period between June and August. There was a significant difference in the 7-year mean MOI of Ae. albopictus across the 12 subdistricts/towns (F = 26.558, P < 0.05), and there were 6 subdistricts/towns with a 7-year mean MOI of over 5, including Songnan Town (8.44 ± 4.68), Dachang Town (7.71 ± 5.28), Gucun Town (7.13 ± 3.57), Yuepu Town (5.74 ± 1.69), Gaojing Town (5.51 ± 3.44), and Wusong Subdistrict (5.41 ± 2.04). There was a significant difference in the MOI of Ae. albopictus across breeding habitats (F = 3.843, P < 0.05), with the highest MOI seen in recycling stations (9.86 ± 4.61), which was significantly higher than in other habitats (P < 0.05), and the lowest seen in construction sites (4.90 ± 2.95), which was significantly lower than in other habitats (P < 0.05). The proportion of frequency with Ae. albopictus density transmission risk decreased from 54.17% in 2018 to 11.11% in 2024 in all subdistricts (towns) of Baoshan District, and the frequency of outbreak risks peaked in 2019 (18 instances) and declined substantially in 2021 (6 instances), with no records of outbreak or transmission risk documented across the district in 2024. Conclusions There were substantial seasonal variations in the Ae. albopictus density in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2018 to 2024. The Ae. albopictus density peaked during the period between June and August in Baoshan District each year from 2018 to 2024, with a relatively higher density in Songnan Town and Dachang Town, and in recycling stations. Precision control measures and intensified seasonal interventions are recommended in high-risk settings in Baoshan District to reduce the transmission risk of Aedes-borne infectious diseases.

To investigate the in vitro inhibitory mechanism of Nymphaea candida total flavonoids(NCTF)against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)and its safety in mice,this study first deter-mined the antibacterial effect of NCTF on the clinically isolated strain S.aureus-C1.Subsequently,the inhibitory mechanism of NCTF on S.aureus-C1 was explored by measuring its effects on bac-terial growth curves,microstructure,intracellular AKP and LDH levels,and biofilm formation.Safety evaluation included determination of LD50 and MDT in mice,as well as analysis of serum biochemical parameters,organ indices,and histopathological observations.Results showed that NCTF effectively inhibited S.aureus-C1 proliferation,with an inhibition zone diameter of(18.98±0.67)mm and a MIC of 6.25 g/L.A concentration of 2×MIC nearly completely suppressed bacte-rial growth.Scanning electron microscopy revealed structural damage to bacterial cells,including collapse and shrinkage.AKP and LDH assays indicated significantly increased AKP activity(P＜0.05)and decreased intracellular LDH activity(P＜0.05)in the supernatant of drug-treated groups,demonstrating NCTF-induced disruption of cell walls and membranes leading to leakage of AKP and LDH.Crystal violet staining of biofilms showed significant inhibition rates of(43.77±9.16)％and(61.71±9.82)％at 2 × MIC and 4 × MIC concentrations,respectively(P＜0.05).Safe-ty assessments indicated low toxicity of NCTF in mice,with transient effects that returned to nor-mal levels within a short period.These findings demonstrate that NCTF exhibits potent antibacte-rial activity against S.aureus-C1 by damaging bacterial cell structures,increasing cell wall/mem-brane permeability,reducing biofilm formation,and displaying low toxicity.This study provides scientific evidence for clinical drug screening against bovine mastitis and the development of Nym-phaea candida resources.

To investigate the in vitro inhibitory mechanism of Nymphaea candida total flavonoids(NCTF)against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)and its safety in mice,this study first deter-mined the antibacterial effect of NCTF on the clinically isolated strain S.aureus-C1.Subsequently,the inhibitory mechanism of NCTF on S.aureus-C1 was explored by measuring its effects on bac-terial growth curves,microstructure,intracellular AKP and LDH levels,and biofilm formation.Safety evaluation included determination of LD50 and MDT in mice,as well as analysis of serum biochemical parameters,organ indices,and histopathological observations.Results showed that NCTF effectively inhibited S.aureus-C1 proliferation,with an inhibition zone diameter of(18.98±0.67)mm and a MIC of 6.25 g/L.A concentration of 2×MIC nearly completely suppressed bacte-rial growth.Scanning electron microscopy revealed structural damage to bacterial cells,including collapse and shrinkage.AKP and LDH assays indicated significantly increased AKP activity(P＜0.05)and decreased intracellular LDH activity(P＜0.05)in the supernatant of drug-treated groups,demonstrating NCTF-induced disruption of cell walls and membranes leading to leakage of AKP and LDH.Crystal violet staining of biofilms showed significant inhibition rates of(43.77±9.16)％and(61.71±9.82)％at 2 × MIC and 4 × MIC concentrations,respectively(P＜0.05).Safe-ty assessments indicated low toxicity of NCTF in mice,with transient effects that returned to nor-mal levels within a short period.These findings demonstrate that NCTF exhibits potent antibacte-rial activity against S.aureus-C1 by damaging bacterial cell structures,increasing cell wall/mem-brane permeability,reducing biofilm formation,and displaying low toxicity.This study provides scientific evidence for clinical drug screening against bovine mastitis and the development of Nym-phaea candida resources.

China emerges as a major country in nuclear energy development and the application of nuclear and radiologic technology. The diagnosis and treatment of acute radiation syndrom (ARS) caused by external irradiation represent a core function in the country′s medical rescue of nuclear and radiological emergencies. Clinically, ARS manifests hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and central nervous system syndromes, with specific clinical manifestations, signs, severity, and prognosis strongly correlated with radiation dose. China has established a number of national and provincial centers for treating radiation-induced damage. Nevertheless, most medical staff have limited experience in ARS treatment. This consensus presents a summary of recent experience in treating ARS of China. In combination with recommendations from international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), this consensus proposes key evidence of critical clinical issues of ARS, covering all links in the rescue of external irradiation-induced ARS. Initially, clinical diagnosis, syndromes, and severe degrees should be determined based on clinical symptoms and dose estimates. It is necessary to normalize clinical treatment measures for hematopoietic recovery, gastrointestinal injury treatment, infection control, symptomatic treatment, and multi-organ function preservation. To this end, this consensus offers cautions. This consensus provides principles of treatment with traditional Chinese medicine, psychological intervention, and follow-up. Additionally, it highlights multidisciplinary collaboration. It is recommended that this consensus be applied in relevant treatment centers.

Objective:To investigate the causes and management strategies of anesthetic complications during percutaneous spinal endoscopic surgery under local anesthesia.Methods:A total of 16 800 patients (8 625 males and 8 175 females) who underwent percutaneous spinal endoscopic surgery under local anesthesia (including intravenous basic anesthesia) in Tianjin Hospital, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center and Hebei General Hospital from February 2012 to February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The average age was 45.3±21.6 years (range, 12-84 years). There were 220 cases of posterior cervical keyhole endoscopic surgery, 50 cases of thoracic transforaminal endoscopic surgery, 70 cases of thoracic posterior interlaminar endoscopic surgery, 11 670 cases of lumbar transforaminal endoscopic surgery, and 4 790 cases of lumbar posterior interlaminar endoscopic surgery. The occurrence time, clinical manifestations, management of intraoperative anesthesia complications were recorded, as well as surgical segments, puncture sites, complication symptoms, signs, outcome and prognosis.Results:All patients received percutaneous water-mediated uniaxial spinal endoscopic surgery under local anesthesia. There were 9 patients experienced anesthesia complications, including 6 cases of epidural diffusion of anesthetics and 3 cases of anesthetics mistakenly entering the subarachnoid space. There were 4 males and 5 females, aged 48.4±18.2 years (range, 28-84 years). There were 1 case of T 12L 1 disc herniation, 1 case of C 5-6 disc herniation, 3 cases of L 4-5 disc herniation and 4 cases of L 5S 1 disc herniation. Surgical segments and procedures: 1 case of C 5-6 posterior Keyhole endoscopic surgery, 1 case of T 12L 1 transforaminal endoscopic surgery, 2 cases of L 4-5 transforaminal endoscopic surgery, 1 case of L 4-5 interlaminar endoscopic surgery, and 4 cases of L 5S 1 interlaminar endoscopic surgery. Anesthesia complications all appeared 5-10 min after injection of local anesthetics, with symptoms of decreased oxygen saturation, decreased blood pressure, altered consciousness, and sensory and motor dysfunction of limbs. 6 patients with epidural diffusion of anesthetics recovered completely after symptomatic treatment in 5 cases, and 1 case was left with foot drop. Three patients with anesthetics mistakenly entering the subarachnoid space were immediately converted to the supine position, of which one recovered by mask oxygenation; 1 patient improved after emergency tracheal intubation, rehydration, and application of vasoconstrictive medications; and 1 patient developed multiple complications such as multiorgan failure, rhabdomyolysis, and sepsis after tracheal intubation, and recovered at 3 months after surgery with symptomatic treatment. Conclusions:Epidural diffusion and entering into subarachnoid space of anesthetics are serious complications of local anesthesia in percutaneous spinal endoscopic surgery. In addition to sensory and motor dysfunction of the limbs, the functions of the respiratory and circulatory systems can also be affected. It is necessary to be alert to the occurrence of anesthesia-related complications during operation and early identification and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of lumbar lateral interbody fusion (LLIF) versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in the treatment of severe lumbar spinal stenosis.Methods:The data of patients with severe lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent LLIF or PLIF from February 2019 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 patients in the LLIF group, 10 males and 20 females, aged 62.7±5.6 years (range, 53-74 years), including 21 cases of single segment and 9 cases of double segment. There were 46 patients in the PLIF group, including 20 males and 26 females, aged 63.2±8.4 years (range, 43-75 years), 40 cases of single segment and 6 cases of double segment. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), intervertebral space height, intervertebral foramen height and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results:All patients were followed up for an average of 21.3±6.4 months (range, 12-32 months). The intraoperative blood loss in the LLIF group was 112.2±76.9 ml, which was significantly lower than 193.9±88.2 ml in the PLIF group ( P<0.05). The VAS scores of back pain and leg pain after operation were significantly lower than those before operation in the two groups ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in back pain VAS scores at preoperative, 6 months postoperative, and final follow-up ( P>0.05); the back pain VAS score at 1 month postoperatively in the LLIF group was 1.6±1.2, which was less than 2.8±0.7 in the PLIF group ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in leg pain VAS scores at preoperative, 1 month postoperative, and 6 months postoperative ( P>0.05); the leg pain VAS score at the final follow-up in the LLIF group was 1.2±1.5, which was smaller than 1.8±1.0 in the PLIF group ( P<0.05). The postoperative ODI was smaller than the preoperative one in both groups, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); the preoperative, 1-month postoperative, 6-month postoperative, and final follow-up ODIs in the LLIF group were 45.7%±16.0%, 17.9%±12.0%, 16.2%±11.6%, and 15.7%±11.7%, and those in the PLIF group were 47.9%±15.4%, 20.1%±9.3%, 16.9%±10.6%, and 14.6%±11.0% in the PLIF group, and the difference between the groups was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The preoperative intervertebral space height in the LLIF group was 10.6±2.0 mm, which was smaller than that in the PLIF group 11.8±2.2 mm ( P<0.05). The intervertebral space heights in the immediate postoperative period and at the final follow-up were 13.3±2.3 mm and 12.3±2.2 mm in the LLIF group and 13.7±1.7 mm and 13.0±1.9 mm in the PLIF group ( P>0.05). The preoperative intervertebral foraminal height in the LLIF group was 18.0±3.2 mm, which was smaller than that of 19.7±2.4 mm in the PLIF group ( P<0.05); the intervertebral foraminal heights in the immediate postoperative period and at the final follow-up were 21.4±2.5 mm and 20.2±2.4 mm in the LLIF group, and in the PLIF group were 20.7±2.4 mm and 19.7±2.6 mm in the PLIF group ( P>0.05). In the LLIF group, 2 cases had femoral nerve injury and 2 cases had transient back pain after operation. There were 2 cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, 1 case of screw loosening, and 2 cases of deep vein thrombosis in the PLIF group. In the PLIF group, 2 patients underwent revision, including 1 case due to cage displacement and 1 case due to screw malposition. The fusion settling rate was 21% (8/39) in the LLIF group and 12% (6/52) in the PLIF group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both LLIF and PLIF can effectively restore the intervertebral height, improve the lumbar function and the symptoms of back and leg pain in the treatment of severe lumbar spinal stenosis.

Animal experiments are an essential component of life sciences and medical research. However, the external validity and reliability of individual animal studies are frequently challenged by inherent limitations such as small sample sizes, high design heterogeneity, and poor reproducibility, which impede the effective translation of research findings into clinical practice. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis represent a key methodology for integrating existing evidence and enhancing the robustness of conclusions. Currently, however, the application of systematic reviews and meta-analysis in the field of animal experiments lacks standardized guidelines for their conduct and reporting, resulting in inconsistent quality and, to some extent, diminishing their evidence value. To address this issue, this paper aims to systematically delineate the reporting process for systematic reviews and meta-analysis of animal experiments and to propose a set of standardized recommendations that are both scientific and practical. The article's scope encompasses the entire process, from the preliminary preparatory phase [including formulating the population， intervention， comparison and outcome （PICO） question, assessing feasibility, and protocol pre-registration] to the key writing points for each section of the main report. In the core methods section, the paper elaborates on how to implement literature searches, establish eligibility criteria, perform data extraction, and assess the risk of bias, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis （PRISMA) statement, in conjunction with relevant guidelines and tools such as Animal Research： Reporting of in Vivo Experiments （ARRIVE) and a risk of bias assessment tool developed by the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE). For the presentation of results, strategies are proposed for clear and transparent display using flow diagrams and tables of characteristics. The discussion section places particular emphasis on how to scientifically interpret pooled effects, thoroughly analyze sources of heterogeneity, evaluate the impact of publication bias, and cautiously discuss the validity and limitations of extrapolating findings from animal studies to clinical settings. Furthermore, this paper recommends adopting the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to comprehensively grade the quality of evidence. Through a modular analysis of the entire reporting process, this paper aims to provide researchers in the field with a clear and practical guide, thereby promoting the standardized development of systematic reviews and meta-analysis of animal experiments and enhancing their application value in scientific decision-making and translational medicine.