Objective To observe the effects of Yinqin Qingfei Granules on oxidative injury in lung tissue of mice with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection;To explore the mechanism of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in it.Methods Totally 100 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank group,model group,Yinqin Qingfei group,Azithromycin group and combination group,with 20 mice in each group.Except for the blank group,the other groups of mice were used to establish mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia model through bacterial solution nasal drip,and the blank group was given the same amount of normal saline nasal drip for 3 days.After modeling,the drug groups were given corresponding drugs by gavage,the blank group and the model group were given the same amount of distilled water by gavage,and the materials were taken at 3 and 7 days after administration,respectively.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of lung tissue,ELISA was used to detect the contents of interleukin(IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in serum,biochemical method was used to detect the contents of nitric oxide(NO),malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione(GSH)in lung tissue,Western blot was used to detect the expressions of Kelch like ECH associated protein 1(Keap1),nuclear factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)protein in lung tissue.Results Compared with the blank group,the lungs of mice in the model group showed severe inflammatory changes on day 3 and 7,with alveolar fusion or disappearance,and lung consolidation,which were more severe on day 7;the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum significantly increased(P<0.05),the contents of SOD and GSH in lung tissues significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the contents of MDA and NO significantly increased(P<0.05),the protein expression of Keap1 in lung tissues increased(P<0.05),and Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expressions decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the histopathological changes in lung tissue showed different degrees of improvement on day 3 and 7 of drug treatment in Yinqin Qingfei group,Azithromycin group and combination group groups,the serum contents of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly decreased(P<0.05),the contents of SOD and GSH in lung tissue were significantly increased on day 7 of drug treatment(P<0.05),the contents of MDA and NO significantly decreased(P<0.05),the protein expression of Keap1 in lung tissue decreased on day 3 and 7 of drug treatment(P<0.05),and the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Yinqin Qingfei Granules can regulate the level of inflammatory factors,reduce lung inflammation and oxidative damage of mice with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.The mechanism may be related to down-regulating the expression of Keap1,up-regulating the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1,reducing the contents of NO and MDA,improving the activities of SOD and GSH,and playing an antioxidant role.

Objective To investigate the intervention effect of cordycepin on DCM rats and its reg-ulative effect on of AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway.Methods A total of 80 male SD rats were randomly divided into model group,cordycepin group,AKT inhibitor group and cordycepin+AKT inhibitor group,with 20 rats in each group.After the establishment of DCM model,corre-sponding intervention was given to each group.Another 20 healthy rats served as control group.Cardiac function indicators(LVEF,LVFS,LVESD,LVEDD),levels of IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,SOD,GSH-Px and MAD,and expression of AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway related proteins were de-termined and compared among the groups blotting.Results The model group had significantly lower LVEF and LVFS,decreased myocardial SOD and GSH-Px contents,and declined p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK3β/GSK3β,but increased LVESD and LVEDD and myocardial IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-αand MAD expression levels when compared with the control group(P＜0.05).Cordycepin treat-ment obtained increased LVEF and LVFS and myocardial tissue SOD,GSH-Px,Bcl-2,p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK3β/GSK3β protein expressions,and decreased LVESD and LVEDD and myocar-dial expression of IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,MAD and Bax than the model group(P＜0.05),while AKT inhibitor reversed all the changes induced by modelling(P＜0.05).Combination of cordycepin+AKT inhibitor resulted in lower LVEF,LVFS and myocardial SOD,GSH-Px,Bcl-2,p-AKT/AKT,p-GSK3β/GSK3β protein levels,and increased LVESD,LVEDD and expressions of IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,MAD and Bax protein in myocardial tissue when compared with cordycepin group(P＜0.05).And the combination also resulted in increases in LVEF and LVFS[(61.29±5.61)％vs(39.28±4.12)％,(39.05±3.43)％vs(24.47±2.73)％,P＜0.05]and decreases in LVESD and LVEDD(4.36±0.48 mm vs 6.97±0.69 mm,6.07±0.61 mm vs 9.02±0.85mm,P＜0.05)when compared with AKT inhibitor group.Conclusion Cordycepin improves cardiac function,myocar-dial injury,inflammation and oxidative stress in DCM rats probably by activating AKT/GSK3βsignaling pathway,and inhibits the apoptosis of cardiomyocyte.

Severe open tibiofibular fractures account for approximately 28.1% of all open fractures. Among them, Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB/C fractures present significant clinical challenges due to associated bone and soft tissue defects, high infection rates, and risk of amputation. Inadequate preoperative assessment may lead to suboptimal emergency surgical planning or intraoperative complications. Historically, external fixation was often preferred, but this approach has been associated with limitations such as restricted joint mobility, delayed bone union, joint stiffness, and disuse osteoporosis, resulting in poor functional recovery. With advancements of debridement techniques, standardization of antibiotic use, and popularization of early soft tissue coverage, early internal fixation has gained broader acceptance. Nevertheless, controversies persist regarding the choice of fixation method, timing of definitive fixation, use of reamed versus unreamed intramedullary nailing, and necessity of fibular fixation. To standardize the diagnosis and early management of severe open tibiofibular fractures, reduce complication rates, and improve functional recovery, the Society of Microsurgery of the Chinese Medical Association organized a panel of domestic experts to develop the Evidence-based guideline for the diagnosis and early fixation of severe open tibiofibular fractures ( version 2025), using evidence-based methodology. The guidelines provided 12 recommendations covering diagnostic and early fixation strategies of severe open tibiofibular fractures, aiming to provide clinicians with scientifically grounded and standardized guidance.

Objective To investigate the biomechanical characteristics of Salto Talaris tibial components with different heights at the bone-prosthesis interface during different gait support phases after total ankle replacement.Methods An ankle joint model was reconstructed using a weight-bearing CT from a 61-year-old female patient with ankle arthritis,and Salto Talaris tibial components with different heights(5,7,9,11 mm)were modelled to simulate the loading of the tibial-prosthesis during four gait support phases,and to analyse the micromotion and stresses at the bone-prosthesis interface.Results The 11 mm and 9 mm models had a poorer prosthesis stability,with the peak micromotion exceeding 50 μm and the peak internal tibial stresses of 30.75 MPa and 29.86 MPa,respectively,which exceeded the yield stress of the cancellous bone.The tibial stresses of the 7 mm and 5 mm models were within reasonable ranges and the average peak micromotions were only 42.66 μm and 40.32 μm.In contrast,the initial stability of the 5 mm model prosthesis was the best.Conclusions For total ankle replacement with Salto prosthesis,the height of the tibial component should be chosen appropriately,and the optimal height was about 5 mm.Excessive flexion and extension activities of the ankle joint should be avoided to maintain the stability of the prosthesis after surgery.This study provides a theoretical basis for the improvement of the structural parameters of the Salto prosthesis,which is valuable for the selection of clinical surgical prostheses and helps to improve the results of total ankle replacement.

Objective To investigate the biomechanical characteristics of Salto Talaris tibial components with different heights at the bone-prosthesis interface during different gait support phases after total ankle replacement.Methods An ankle joint model was reconstructed using a weight-bearing CT from a 61-year-old female patient with ankle arthritis,and Salto Talaris tibial components with different heights(5,7,9,11 mm)were modelled to simulate the loading of the tibial-prosthesis during four gait support phases,and to analyse the micromotion and stresses at the bone-prosthesis interface.Results The 11 mm and 9 mm models had a poorer prosthesis stability,with the peak micromotion exceeding 50 μm and the peak internal tibial stresses of 30.75 MPa and 29.86 MPa,respectively,which exceeded the yield stress of the cancellous bone.The tibial stresses of the 7 mm and 5 mm models were within reasonable ranges and the average peak micromotions were only 42.66 μm and 40.32 μm.In contrast,the initial stability of the 5 mm model prosthesis was the best.Conclusions For total ankle replacement with Salto prosthesis,the height of the tibial component should be chosen appropriately,and the optimal height was about 5 mm.Excessive flexion and extension activities of the ankle joint should be avoided to maintain the stability of the prosthesis after surgery.This study provides a theoretical basis for the improvement of the structural parameters of the Salto prosthesis,which is valuable for the selection of clinical surgical prostheses and helps to improve the results of total ankle replacement.

Objective To observe the effects of Yinqin Qingfei Granules on oxidative injury in lung tissue of mice with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection;To explore the mechanism of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in it.Methods Totally 100 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank group,model group,Yinqin Qingfei group,Azithromycin group and combination group,with 20 mice in each group.Except for the blank group,the other groups of mice were used to establish mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia model through bacterial solution nasal drip,and the blank group was given the same amount of normal saline nasal drip for 3 days.After modeling,the drug groups were given corresponding drugs by gavage,the blank group and the model group were given the same amount of distilled water by gavage,and the materials were taken at 3 and 7 days after administration,respectively.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of lung tissue,ELISA was used to detect the contents of interleukin(IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in serum,biochemical method was used to detect the contents of nitric oxide(NO),malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione(GSH)in lung tissue,Western blot was used to detect the expressions of Kelch like ECH associated protein 1(Keap1),nuclear factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)protein in lung tissue.Results Compared with the blank group,the lungs of mice in the model group showed severe inflammatory changes on day 3 and 7,with alveolar fusion or disappearance,and lung consolidation,which were more severe on day 7;the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum significantly increased(P<0.05),the contents of SOD and GSH in lung tissues significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the contents of MDA and NO significantly increased(P<0.05),the protein expression of Keap1 in lung tissues increased(P<0.05),and Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expressions decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the histopathological changes in lung tissue showed different degrees of improvement on day 3 and 7 of drug treatment in Yinqin Qingfei group,Azithromycin group and combination group groups,the serum contents of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly decreased(P<0.05),the contents of SOD and GSH in lung tissue were significantly increased on day 7 of drug treatment(P<0.05),the contents of MDA and NO significantly decreased(P<0.05),the protein expression of Keap1 in lung tissue decreased on day 3 and 7 of drug treatment(P<0.05),and the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Yinqin Qingfei Granules can regulate the level of inflammatory factors,reduce lung inflammation and oxidative damage of mice with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.The mechanism may be related to down-regulating the expression of Keap1,up-regulating the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1,reducing the contents of NO and MDA,improving the activities of SOD and GSH,and playing an antioxidant role.

Objective To investigate the intervention effect of cordycepin on DCM rats and its reg-ulative effect on of AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway.Methods A total of 80 male SD rats were randomly divided into model group,cordycepin group,AKT inhibitor group and cordycepin+AKT inhibitor group,with 20 rats in each group.After the establishment of DCM model,corre-sponding intervention was given to each group.Another 20 healthy rats served as control group.Cardiac function indicators(LVEF,LVFS,LVESD,LVEDD),levels of IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,SOD,GSH-Px and MAD,and expression of AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway related proteins were de-termined and compared among the groups blotting.Results The model group had significantly lower LVEF and LVFS,decreased myocardial SOD and GSH-Px contents,and declined p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK3β/GSK3β,but increased LVESD and LVEDD and myocardial IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-αand MAD expression levels when compared with the control group(P＜0.05).Cordycepin treat-ment obtained increased LVEF and LVFS and myocardial tissue SOD,GSH-Px,Bcl-2,p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK3β/GSK3β protein expressions,and decreased LVESD and LVEDD and myocar-dial expression of IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,MAD and Bax than the model group(P＜0.05),while AKT inhibitor reversed all the changes induced by modelling(P＜0.05).Combination of cordycepin+AKT inhibitor resulted in lower LVEF,LVFS and myocardial SOD,GSH-Px,Bcl-2,p-AKT/AKT,p-GSK3β/GSK3β protein levels,and increased LVESD,LVEDD and expressions of IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,MAD and Bax protein in myocardial tissue when compared with cordycepin group(P＜0.05).And the combination also resulted in increases in LVEF and LVFS[(61.29±5.61)％vs(39.28±4.12)％,(39.05±3.43)％vs(24.47±2.73)％,P＜0.05]and decreases in LVESD and LVEDD(4.36±0.48 mm vs 6.97±0.69 mm,6.07±0.61 mm vs 9.02±0.85mm,P＜0.05)when compared with AKT inhibitor group.Conclusion Cordycepin improves cardiac function,myocar-dial injury,inflammation and oxidative stress in DCM rats probably by activating AKT/GSK3βsignaling pathway,and inhibits the apoptosis of cardiomyocyte.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the bacterial spectrum characteristics and drug resistance of midstream urine culture-positive cases in patients with urinary tract infection(UTI),and to provide reference for rational use of antibiotics.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 6 029 patients with urinary tract infections who had positive midstream urine cultures at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from 2013 to 2023,with a total of 8 495 infectious bacterial detected,and the characteristics of the pathogens,antimicrobial susceptibility tests and the epidemiological features were analyzed.RESULTS There were 2 086 males and 3 943 fe-males.A total of 8 495 pathogens were isolated,of which 1 492 stains of gram-positive bacteria accounted for 17.56％,5 850 strains of gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.86％,1 150 strains of fungi accounted for 13.54％,with Escherichia coli(42.30％),Klebsiella pneumoniae(7.59％),and Enterococcus faecalis(6.19％)being predominated.The major gram-negative bacteria had low resistance rates to meropenem,imipen-em and ertapenem(＜20％),and high resistance rates to ampicillin and cefazolin(＞34％).The major gram-posi-tive bacteria had low resistance rates to teicoplanin and quinupristin/dalfopristin(＜12％),very low resistance to linezolid(＜1％),and high resistance rates to erythromycin(＞40％).The main fungi had low resistance rates to flucytosine and amphotericin B(＜3％),while Candida tropicalis had high resistance rates to itraconazole,flu-conazole,and voriconazole(37.93％-42.18％).CONCLUSION The three most frequently isolated pathogens in the midstream urine cultures of patients with UTI are Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Group D En-terococcus faecalis,which show low resistance to tigecycline and high resistance to ciprofloxacin,ampicillin and levofloxacin,and these findings provide important references for clinical treatment of urinary tract infections.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the bacterial spectrum characteristics and drug resistance of midstream urine culture-positive cases in patients with urinary tract infection(UTI),and to provide reference for rational use of antibiotics.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 6 029 patients with urinary tract infections who had positive midstream urine cultures at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from 2013 to 2023,with a total of 8 495 infectious bacterial detected,and the characteristics of the pathogens,antimicrobial susceptibility tests and the epidemiological features were analyzed.RESULTS There were 2 086 males and 3 943 fe-males.A total of 8 495 pathogens were isolated,of which 1 492 stains of gram-positive bacteria accounted for 17.56％,5 850 strains of gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.86％,1 150 strains of fungi accounted for 13.54％,with Escherichia coli(42.30％),Klebsiella pneumoniae(7.59％),and Enterococcus faecalis(6.19％)being predominated.The major gram-negative bacteria had low resistance rates to meropenem,imipen-em and ertapenem(＜20％),and high resistance rates to ampicillin and cefazolin(＞34％).The major gram-posi-tive bacteria had low resistance rates to teicoplanin and quinupristin/dalfopristin(＜12％),very low resistance to linezolid(＜1％),and high resistance rates to erythromycin(＞40％).The main fungi had low resistance rates to flucytosine and amphotericin B(＜3％),while Candida tropicalis had high resistance rates to itraconazole,flu-conazole,and voriconazole(37.93％-42.18％).CONCLUSION The three most frequently isolated pathogens in the midstream urine cultures of patients with UTI are Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Group D En-terococcus faecalis,which show low resistance to tigecycline and high resistance to ciprofloxacin,ampicillin and levofloxacin,and these findings provide important references for clinical treatment of urinary tract infections.

Severe open tibiofibular fractures account for approximately 28.1% of all open fractures. Among them, Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB/C fractures present significant clinical challenges due to associated bone and soft tissue defects, high infection rates, and risk of amputation. Inadequate preoperative assessment may lead to suboptimal emergency surgical planning or intraoperative complications. Historically, external fixation was often preferred, but this approach has been associated with limitations such as restricted joint mobility, delayed bone union, joint stiffness, and disuse osteoporosis, resulting in poor functional recovery. With advancements of debridement techniques, standardization of antibiotic use, and popularization of early soft tissue coverage, early internal fixation has gained broader acceptance. Nevertheless, controversies persist regarding the choice of fixation method, timing of definitive fixation, use of reamed versus unreamed intramedullary nailing, and necessity of fibular fixation. To standardize the diagnosis and early management of severe open tibiofibular fractures, reduce complication rates, and improve functional recovery, the Society of Microsurgery of the Chinese Medical Association organized a panel of domestic experts to develop the Evidence-based guideline for the diagnosis and early fixation of severe open tibiofibular fractures ( version 2025), using evidence-based methodology. The guidelines provided 12 recommendations covering diagnostic and early fixation strategies of severe open tibiofibular fractures, aiming to provide clinicians with scientifically grounded and standardized guidance.