ObjectiveTo explore the effect of precocious puberty on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in female rats. MethodsSixty two-day-old female rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. When aged 5 days， the precocious puberty group and normal group were given a single subcutaneous injection of danazol and solvent soybean oil respectively. The vaginal opening of rats was monitored from their 21 days of age. After 12 hours of fasting， all successful modeling rats were randomly executed within 3 days after vaginal opening， when aged 7 and 12 weeks. Then we measured the rats’ body weight and length， determined the concentrations of glucose， insulin， blood lipids， estradiol， leptin and adiponectin with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and observed the pathological changes of perirenal fat， uterus and ovary. ResultsFor body weight and length， rats in the precocious puberty group were smaller than those in the normal group within 3 days after vaginal opening， but which did not affect their subsequent growth and development， and there was no significant difference between the two groups at 7 and 12 weeks of age. Within 3 days after vaginal opening， insulin levels had significant difference between the two groups （P = 0.001）， the precocious group showed hyperinsulinemia and increased number of perirenal adipocytes. At three execution times， no significant difference was noted in estradiol， leptin and adiponectin levels between the two groups. The same was true in the ratios of ovary or uterus to body weight between the two groups. ConclusionsPrecocious puberty makes earlier onset of pubertal development and allows body maladaptation to the sudden changes of the internal environment. However， the changes due to precocious puberty are temporary and reversible， and they may become normal in adulthood.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of age factor on preoperative sedative potency of midazolam oral solution in pediatric patients with inguinal hernia undergoing high ligation of the hernial sac.Methods:This was a prospective study. American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification I or Ⅱ pediatric patients of either sex with inguinal hernia, aged 1-6 yr, with preoperative Parental Separation Anxiety Scale score ≥3, undergoing elective laparoscopic high ligation of the hernia sac with general anesthesia, were divided into group A (1 yr ≤ age < 4 yr) and group B (4 yr ≤ age ≤ 6 yr) based on age. The trial was performed using a sequential method, with an initial midazolam oral solution set at 0.50 mg/kg. If the response was positive, the dose was increased by 0.05 mg/kg in the next patient, or conversely if negative, the dose was decreased by 0.05 mg/kg in the next patient. The child who preceded the one that exhibited a positive response served as the first case, and this process was repeated until 7 turning points were reached. A positive response was defined as a PSAS score of ≥3 measured at 30 min after oral administration of midazolam oral solution. The probit method was used to calculate the median-effective dose (ED 50) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) of midazolam oral solution for preoperative sedation in pediatric patients with inguinal hernia undergoing high ligation of the hernial sac in both groups. Results:A total of 49 children were ultimately included in this study, with 24 in group A and 25 in group B. The ED 50 of midazolam oral solution for preoperative sedation was 0.628 mg/kg (95% CI 0.614-0.643 mg/kg) in group A and 0.385 mg/kg (95% CI 0.361-0.412 mg/kg) in group B. The ED 50 was significantly higher in group A than in group B ( P≤0.05). Conclusions:The potency of midazolam oral solution for preoperative sedation in pediatric patients aged 4-6 yr is superior to that in pediatric patients aged 1-<4 yr with inguinal hernia undergoing high ligation of the hernial sac.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of age factor on preoperative sedative potency of midazolam oral solution in pediatric patients with inguinal hernia undergoing high ligation of the hernial sac.Methods:This was a prospective study. American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification I or Ⅱ pediatric patients of either sex with inguinal hernia, aged 1-6 yr, with preoperative Parental Separation Anxiety Scale score ≥3, undergoing elective laparoscopic high ligation of the hernia sac with general anesthesia, were divided into group A (1 yr ≤ age < 4 yr) and group B (4 yr ≤ age ≤ 6 yr) based on age. The trial was performed using a sequential method, with an initial midazolam oral solution set at 0.50 mg/kg. If the response was positive, the dose was increased by 0.05 mg/kg in the next patient, or conversely if negative, the dose was decreased by 0.05 mg/kg in the next patient. The child who preceded the one that exhibited a positive response served as the first case, and this process was repeated until 7 turning points were reached. A positive response was defined as a PSAS score of ≥3 measured at 30 min after oral administration of midazolam oral solution. The probit method was used to calculate the median-effective dose (ED 50) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) of midazolam oral solution for preoperative sedation in pediatric patients with inguinal hernia undergoing high ligation of the hernial sac in both groups. Results:A total of 49 children were ultimately included in this study, with 24 in group A and 25 in group B. The ED 50 of midazolam oral solution for preoperative sedation was 0.628 mg/kg (95% CI 0.614-0.643 mg/kg) in group A and 0.385 mg/kg (95% CI 0.361-0.412 mg/kg) in group B. The ED 50 was significantly higher in group A than in group B ( P≤0.05). Conclusions:The potency of midazolam oral solution for preoperative sedation in pediatric patients aged 4-6 yr is superior to that in pediatric patients aged 1-<4 yr with inguinal hernia undergoing high ligation of the hernial sac.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a non⁃specific chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine, and its pathogenesis is not yet been fully elucidated. At present, it is generally believed that gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Prebiotics are non⁃digestible food ingredients that can regulate the gut microbiota. Recently, more and more studies support the beneficial effect of prebiotics in IBD. Some prebiotics of dietary supplements can be used as fermentable substrates to promote the growth and metabolic activity of intestinal beneficial bacteria and increase the production of short ⁃ chain fatty acids, thereby exerting anti ⁃ inflammatory effects. This article reviewed the progress in research on the protective mechanism of prebiotics in IBD from the perspective of traditional and emerging prebiotics and providing a theoretical basis for its application in IBD adjuvant therapy.

Objective:To investigate the optimal dose of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol for anesthesia in patients undergoing modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT).Methods:One hundred and sixty patients of both sexes, aged 20-60 yr, weighing 45-80 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for elective MECT, were allocated into 4 groups ( n=40 each) by a random number table method: different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol group (D 1, D 2 and D 3 groups) and routine anesthesia group (group C). Dexmedetomidine 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 μg/kg were intravenously injected in D 1, D 2 and D 3 groups, respectively, the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C, and propofol 1.0 mg/kg and succinylcholine 0.5 mg/kg were intravenously injected in turn 10 min later.Venous blood samples were collected before giving dexmedetomidine (T 0) and at 1 min after the end of MECT (T 1) for determination of the plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations.Propofol consumption, occurrence of cardiovascular events, duration of epilespsy and energy suppression index were recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the plasma E and NE concentrations were significantly decreased at T 4, and the propofol consumption was reduced in D 1, D 2 and D 3 groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group D 2, the plasma E and NE concentrations were significantly increased at T 1 in group D 1 and decreased at T 1 in group D 3 ( P<0.05). The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events was significantly increased in group D 3 than in the other 3 groups ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in duration of epilespsy or energy suppfession index among the 4 groups( P>0.05). Conclusion:The optimal dose of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol 1.0 mg/kg is 0.4 μg/kg when used for anesthesia in the patients undergoing MECT.

Objective To assess the contribution of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in detecting breast carcinoma of dense breasts. Methods To retrospectively analyze the imaging and clinical data of 52 female patients with breast carcinoma which were confirmed by pathology in Tai'an Central Hospital of Shandong Province from April 2017 to April 2018.All cases classified as dense or uneven dense breasts by DM examination underwent Ultrasound (US), digital mammography (DM), CESM, dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI).The breast imaging report and data system (BI-RADS) and breast density classification were both evaluated using the 5th edition of BI-RADS. The efficacy of US, DM, DM+CESM, DCE-MRI in detecting breast carcinoma (BI-RADS 5) was evaluated by χ2 test. Results Histopathology confirmed that 87 lesions were malignant and 35 lesions were benign. The sensitivity of US, DM, DM +CESM, DCE-MRI were 66.67％(58/87), 64.37％(56/87), 100.00％(87/87), 100.00％(87/87) and the specificity were 94.28％(33/35), 74.28％(26/35), 85.71％(30/35), 51.43％(18/35), respectively. There was statistically significant difference in specificity (χ2=9.545, P=0.002) and BI-RADS 5 category, detection 39.08％(34/87), 22.99％(20/87), respectively (χ2=5.263, P=0.022) between the DM + CESM group and DCE-MRI group. Conclusion In dense breasts, CESM has a high application value in breast carcinoma diagnosis.

Objective ToexplorethenoiselevelsfromdifferentMRIsequencesandtheeffectsofMRInoiseonhearingfunction ofthesubjectswithtraditionalhearingprotection measures.Methods Intheprocessofscanningvolunteerswith MRI,soundlevel metersandelectretcapacitancemicrophoneswereusedsimultaneouslytodetectthenoiselevelsofdifferentMRIsequencesanddifferentpositionsof magnets,analyzingthe MRInoiserangeanddistributioncharacteristics.Dynamicauditorybrainstem response(ABR)wasusedto measurethehearingthresholdsof100healthyadultvolunteerswithtraditionalhearingprotection measures,respectivelywithin24 hoursbeforeMRIexamination (test1),within20minutesafterMRIexamination(test2),and25daysafterMRIexamination(test 3),estimatingthehearinglossandrecoveryofthesubjects.Results ThenoisevaluesofdifferentMRIsequencesweredifferent,the peakofsoundpressurelevel[Lpeak]rangedfrom119.7to124.5dB(A),theequivalentweightedsoundpressurelevel[Leq]ranged from103.5to115.3dB(A).DynamicABRresultsshowedthehearingthresholdsoftest2onbothleftandrightearsweresignificantlyhigher thanthoseoftest1(L:P=0.012;R:P=0.001);while,havingcomparedthehearingthresholdsofleftandrightearsintest3with thoseintest1,therewerenosignificantdifferences(L:P=0.138;R:P=0.451).Conclusion Thenoiseof3.0T MRIcancausethe hearingthresholdsofhealthyadultswithtraditionalhearingprotectionmeasuresincreasetemporarily,whenscanningwithMRI,more effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoreducethehearingnoiseandprotectthehearingfunctionofthesubjects.

To analyze the immunogenicity and protective ability of recombinant IgG-binding protein (EAG) of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi and to evaluate its value when used as equine vaccine antigen, EAG gene was amplified by PCR and inserted into pET-28a vector. The EAG recombinant proteins were expressed and purified to immune mice. The serum antibody and challenge protection were tested. The purified recombinant protein of EAG was 26 kDa, and the protein reacted specifically with positive serum of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. The mice antibody level for EAG immunization group was 1∶8 100. The immunological protection result showed that the protection rate of the EAG recombinant protein was 90%. The results suggested that the EAG protein has good immunogenicity and immunological protection, and it can effectively increase the humoral immune response and immunological protection of mice.
Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Antigens, Bacterial ; immunology ; Bacterial Proteins ; immunology ; Bacterial Vaccines ; immunology ; Immunity, Humoral ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Mice ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Proteins ; immunology ; Streptococcal Infections ; prevention & control ; Streptococcus equi ; Vaccination

The successful separation of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is the foundation of BCSC research.At present,people could gather BCSCs to some extent in a number of ways.However,as more and more biomarkers are found in BCSCs separation,the heterogeneity becomes a hot spot.How to gather BCSCs as much as possible and how to explain the heterogeneity could provide new insights in the treatment of breast cancer.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the neoadjuvant chemotherapy effect of TC and TEC by detecting the change of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood before and after every neoadjuvant cycle of breast cancer patients. Meth-ods:A total of 96 locally advanced breast cancer patients were selected in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2012. These pa-tients were divided into TC (docetaxel and cyclophosphamide) group and TEC (docetaxel, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide) group. Ve-nous blood (5 mL) was extracted from 96 patients prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 48 h after the first, second, third, and fourth cy-cles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The CTC values of these two groups of patients were detected by flow cytometry, and their chemo-therapy effect was compared. Results: No significant difference was observed for age, menopausal status, ER, PR, C-erbB-2, tumor size, and clinical stage between the two groups of patients before chemotherapy and for CTC between the two groups before chemother-apy. Before neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the CTC values were correlated with tumor size. The CTC values for patients with tumor size>5 cm were higher than those with tumor size<5 cm. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the CTC values of the two groups of patients de-creased (P<0.05), and the CTC values of the TEC group were lower than those of the TC group (P<0.05). Conclusion:After TC or TEC neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the tumors of patients were smaller, and the CTC values were lower than those prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be evaluated by monitoring the values of circulating tumor cells in pe-ripheral blood changes.