OBJECTIVE: To review clinical application and research progress of different types of intelligent responsive hydrogels in repairing articular cartilage injury. METHODS: The animal experiments and clinical studies of different types of intelligent responsive hydrogels for repairing articular cartilage injury were summarized by reviewing relevant literature at home and abroad. RESULTS: The intrinsic regenerative capacity of articular cartilage following injury is limited. Intelligent responsive hydrogels, including those that are temperature-sensitive, light-sensitive, enzyme-responsive, pH-sensitive, and other stimuli-responsive hydrogels, can undergo phase transitions in response to specific stimuli, thereby achieving optimal functionality. These hydrogels can fill the injured cartilage area, promote the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, and expedite the repair of the damaged site. With advancements in cartilage tissue engineering materials research, intelligent responsive hydrogels offer a novel approach and promising potential for the treatment of cartilage injuries. CONCLUSION Intelligent responsive hydrogel is a kind of flexible, controllable, efficient, and stable polymer, which has similar structure and functional properties to articular cartilage, and has become one of the important biomaterials for cartilage repair. However, there is still a lack of unified treatment standards and simple and efficient preparation technology.
Hydrogels/therapeutic use* ; Cartilage, Articular/injuries* ; Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Humans ; Animals ; Chondrocytes/cytology* ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry* ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry*

Using big data and artificial intelligence to establish a multi-point monitoring, early warning, and disposal system to achieve early warning and intervention of infectious disease outbreaks is an important means of controlling the spread of the epidemic. Taking Xiaoshan district as an example, this study analyzes the monitoring contents, warning methods, and application effectiveness of the infectious disease monitoring, early warning and disposal system. Based on Xiaoshan′s health big data resources, the system starts with syndrome, disease diagnosis and etiology. Through advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and block chain, it realizes early identification of infectious disease outbreaks, data fusion, multi-cross collaboration, and closed-loop management. It has improved the sensitivity of clustered outbreaks monitoring and the effectiveness of epidemic disposal and provided a reference for grassroots disease prevention and control departments to establish an infectious disease monitoring and early warning system.

Using big data and artificial intelligence to establish a multi-point monitoring, early warning, and disposal system to achieve early warning and intervention of infectious disease outbreaks is an important means of controlling the spread of the epidemic. Taking Xiaoshan district as an example, this study analyzes the monitoring contents, warning methods, and application effectiveness of the infectious disease monitoring, early warning and disposal system. Based on Xiaoshan′s health big data resources, the system starts with syndrome, disease diagnosis and etiology. Through advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and block chain, it realizes early identification of infectious disease outbreaks, data fusion, multi-cross collaboration, and closed-loop management. It has improved the sensitivity of clustered outbreaks monitoring and the effectiveness of epidemic disposal and provided a reference for grassroots disease prevention and control departments to establish an infectious disease monitoring and early warning system.

OBJECTIVE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a fetal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of upper and lower motor neu-rons,leading to skeletal muscle atrophy,weakness,and paralysis.Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in ALS pathogenesis,including the familial forms of the disease arising from mutations in the gene coding for superox-ide dismutase(SOD1).Additionally,the abnormal accu-mulation of TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 ku(TDP-43)is a pathological feature present in almost all patients,even though the pathogenesis of ALS is unclear.Current-ly,there is no drug that can cure ALS/FTLD.Tetramethyl-pyrazine nitrone(TBN)is a derivative of tetramethylapyr-azine,derived from traditional Chinese medicine Ligusti-cum chuanxiong,which has been extensively proven to have therapeutic effects on various models of neurode-generative diseases.METHODS We investigated the therapeutic effect of TBN in the SOD1G93A and TDP-43M337V ALS mouse models.In the SOD1G93A trans-genic mouse model,TBN was administered to mice via intraperitoneal or intragastric injection after the onset of motor deficits.We injected the TDP-43M337V virus into the striatum of mice unilaterally and bilaterally,and then administered TBN 30 mg·kg-1 intragastrically to observe changes in behavior and survival rate of mice.RESULTS TBN slowed the progression of motor neuron disease,as evidenced by improved motor performance,reduced spi-nal motor neuron loss and associated glial response,and decreased skeletal muscle fiber denervation and fibrosis.TBN treatment activated mitochondrial antioxidant activity through the PGC-1α/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and decreased the expression of human SOD1.In the mice with unilateral injection of TDP-43M337V into the striatum,TBN improved motor deficits and cognitive impairment in the early stages of disease progression.In mice with bilateral injection of TDP-43M337V into the striatum,TBN not only improved motor function but also prolonged survival.Moreover,we demonstrate that its therapeutic effect may be through activation of the Akt/mTOR/GSK-3β and AMPK/PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling pathways.CONCLUSION TBN shows promise as an agent for the treatment of ALS/FTLD.TBN is currently undergoing clinical investigation for several indications,including a Phase Ⅱ trial for ALS.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a great challenge in treatment due to pathological complexity. It has been proven that phytomedicines and natural medicines have prominent antidiabetic effects. This work aimed to develop selenium-layered nanoparticles (SeNPs) for oral delivery of mulberry leaf and extracts (MPE), a group of phytomedicines with significant hypoglycemic activities, to achieve a synergic antidiabetic effect. MPE-loaded SeNPs (MPE-SeNPs) were prepared through a solvent diffusion/ reduction technique and characterized by particle size, potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL). The resulting MPE-SeNPs were 120 nm around in particle size with EE of 89.38% for rutin and 90.59% for puerarin, two marker components in MPE. MPE-SeNPs exhibited a slow drug release and good physiological stability in the simulated digestive fluid. After oral administration, MPE-SeNPs produced significant hypoglycemic effects both in the normal and diabetic rats. intestinal imaging and cellular examinations demonstrated that MPE-SeNPs were provided with outstanding intestinal permeability and transepithelial transport aptness. It was also revealed that MPE-SeNPs could alleviate the oxidative stress, improve the pancreatic function, and promote the glucose utilization by adipocytes. Our study provides new insight into the use of integrative nanomedicine containing phytomedicines and selenium for DM treatment.

Objective:To explore the effect and difference of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and medical therapy on quality of life and cognitive function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD),and to investigate the relationship between quality of life and cognitive function.Methods:A total of 320 patients with CHD,who underwent coronary angiography and PCI (PCI group,n=160),or underwent coronary angiography and medical therapy (drug therapy group,n=160),were selected.The quality of life was assessed by using the Health Survey Form SF-36 (SF-36) and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ),and the cognitive function was assessed by using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).General data of patients were collected on the day of coronary angiography.Telephone follow-up was conducted in 1 month after treatment,and the outpatient review was carried out in 3 and 6 months after treatment.Results:A total of 309 valid questionnaires were collected.The scores of quality of life in the PCI group and the drug therapy group after treatment were both increased compared with those before treatment (both P＜0.05).The SF-36 scores of four dimensions (role physical,bodily pain,vitality and mental health) in the PCI group were all significantly greater than those in the drug therapy group (all P＜0.05).The SAQscores of two dimensions (angina stability and angina frequency) were both higher in the PCI group than those in the drug therapy group in 6 months of post-operation (all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in cognitive function before and after the treatment in the 2 groups (P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in cognitive function between the PCI group and the drug therapy group (P＞0.05).In the PCI group,physical function,role physical,bodily pain,and role emotional were positively correlated with cognitive function (r=0.207,0.182,0.184,0.176 respectively,all P＜0.05).In the drug therapy group,there was no correlation between quality of life and cognitive function.Conclusion:The quality of life for the patients is improved in the PCI group and the drug therapy group,but the improvement degree in the PCI group is more obvious.Both PCI and drug therapy do not result in the decrease of cognitive function,and there is no difference between the 2 groups.There is positive correlation between quality of life and cognitive function in the PCI group,there is no correlation between quality of life and cognitive function in the drug therapy group.

Objective To systematically review the efficacy and safety of solifenacin in the treatment of patients with bladder spasm after transurethral resection of prostate based on current evidence.Methods We searched Pubmed,EMbase,the Cochrane Library,CBM,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang Database from the establishment to October 2016 for the published literature on the treatment of patients with bladder spasm after transurethral resection of prostate with solifenacin.Two reviewers independently screened literature,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies.Then,meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results A total of 11 RCTs involving 621 patients were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that:compared with the no-solifenacin group(n=311),the numbers of bladder spasm episodes[MD=-1.38,95%CI(-1.97,-0.97)P<0.00001],duration of bladder spasm[MD=-0.26,95%CI(-0.41,-0.11),P=0.0008],the time of bladder perfusion clearance[MD=-0.59,95%CI(-0.88,-0.29),P<0.0001],indwelling catheter delivery[MD=-0.29,95%CI(-0.48,-0.11),P=0.09]in solifenacin group(n=310) reduced significantly,and there was no statistical difference in the incidence of overall adverse events between the two groups[RR=0.71,95%CI(0.17,2.98),P=0.64].Conclusion Current evidence indicates that solifenacin is more effective and safe in the treatment of patients with bladder spasm after transurethral resection of prostate.Due to the limited quantity and quality of the include studies,more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate whether kaempferol protects against acute lung injury induced by swine -origin influenza A H9N2 virus via down-regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway .METHODS:BALB/c mice were used to estab-lish the animal model of acute lung injury by nasal inoculation of swine-origin influenza A H9N2 virus.After the interven-tion with kaempferol , the pulmonary edema was evaluated by determining the lung wet weight /dry weight ( W/D) ratio, the pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed , the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1βand IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and MDA content in the homogenate of the lung tissues were detected .NF-κB P65 levels were determined by Western blot , and the NF-κB P65 and NF-κB P50 nuclear translocation in the nuclear extracts from mouse lung tissue homogenate was detec-ted by ELISA .RESULTS:Treatment with kaempferol decreased the morality of infected mice , and significantly prolonged the survival time of the infected mice .Kaempferol also relieved the pathological changes of the lung tissues , the lung W/D ratio and the lung index in swine-origin influenza A H9N2 virus-infected mice.Treatment with kaempferol significantly de-creased the infiltration of inflammatory cells including macrophages , lymphocytes and neutrophils in the BALF .The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1βand MDA and the activity of MPO were also decreased .Treatment with kaempferol also significantly increased the SOD activity .NF-κB P65 levels were decreased , and the NF-κB P65 and NF-κB P50 nuclear translocation in the nuclear extracts from the mouse lung tissue homogenate were also decreased by treatment with kaempferol .CONCLU-SION:The protective effect of kaempferol on the mice with acute lung injury induced by swine -origin influenza A H9N2 vi-rus is related to suppression of the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by down-regulation of NF-κB signaling path-way.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrafiltration in patients with heart failure. Methods: One hundred and thirty four cases of patients with heart failure, who hospitalized in our hospital from June 2010 to June 2016 were enrolled in this study. Random serial number was generated using SPSS 22.0 software, patients were then randomly divided into control group and ultrafiltration group with the proportion of 1∶1 (67 cases in each group). Patients in the control group received standard therapy. Patients in the ultrafiltration group received ultrafiltration therapy for 8 hours. Curative effect was evaluated after 8 hours treatment in the control group and after 12 hours in the ultrafiltration group. Following parameters were compared between the two groups: body weight, dyspnea score and 6 minutes walking distance as well as blood pressure, heart rate, Na⁺ , K⁺ , Cl^-, pH, HCO₃^-, Hb, PLT, Cr, BUN levels. Results: (1)Two patients died during run-in process and eventually 132 cases were chosen for final analysis (65 cases in control group and 67 cases in the ultrafiltration group). Gender, age, type of heart failure, dyspnea score, body weight at baseline were similar between the two groups. (2)Post therapy, patients′ body weight decreased obviously, while dyspnea score and 6 minutes walking distance increased significantly in the ultrafiltration group compared to baseline(all P<0.05), and the improvement was significantly greater compared to control group(all P<0.05). (3)The safety index comparison of two groups: blood pressure, heart rate, Na⁺ , K⁺ , Cl^-, pH, HCO₃^-, Hb, PLT, Cr, and BUN were similar between the two groups at baseline and post therapy. Conclusion Ultrafiltration therapy is safe and effective to treat patients with heart failure.

BACKGROUND:Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels are a kind of pluripotent stem cels that have the potential of self-renewal and proliferation, and have low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory role. OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels on T cel immune status of alergic rhinitis mouse models.
METHODS:Sixty mice were randomly assigned into six groups (sensitized/chalenged/treatment): experimental group 1 was given ovalbumin/ovalbumin/high-dose adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels, experimental group 2 given ovalbumin/ovalbumin/low-dose adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels, experimental group 3 given ovalbumin/ovalbumin/PBS, experimental group 4 given ovalbumin/ovalbumin/0, and experimental group 5 given PBS/PBS/0, and normal control group given no treatment. In the former five groups, intraperitoneal injection of 200 μL ovalbumin sensitizing solution or PBS was conducted for basic sensitization at days 0, 7, 14; 20 μL ovalbumin chalenging solution or PBS was given for chalenging at days 15-19. In the former three groups, 0.1 mL of high-dose, low-dose adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels or PBS was givenviathe tail vein, respectively, at days 20-22 after sensitization and chalenge. At 48 hours after final treatment, ELISA was used to detect serum levels of interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and interferon-γ, and fluorogenic quantitative PCR used to detect the mRNA expressions of these cytokines in the spleen. Migration of fluorescent-labeled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels in the nasal mucosa was observed under fluorescence microscope, and pathological changes of the nasal mucosa were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the experimental group 4, the levels of interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 in the serum and spleen were significantly lower in the experimental group 1 (P< 0.05), and the levels of interluekin-10 and interferon-γ levels were significantly increased (P <0.05); while in the experimental group, the levels of interleukin-6 were reduced significantly (P < 0.05), the levels of interleukin-10 was increased significantly (P< 0.05), but no changes were found in the levels of interleukin-4 and interferon-γ (P> 0.05). Fluorescent-labeled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels could migrate into the nasal mucosa, and the number of migrated cels was notably higher in the experimental group 1 than experimental group 2. Eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa was remarkably aleviated in the experimental groups 1 and 2. These findings suggest that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels play a non-specific immunomodulatory effect dose-dependently by regulating Th1/Th2 immune imbalances and deficiencies of Treg cels.